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Computer Network Practical Sheet For Class 12

The document outlines the fundamentals of computer networks, including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, types, topologies, devices, transmission media, architectures, reference models, IP addressing, workgroup computing, and network security. Key topics include the OSI and TCP/IP models, various network devices like routers and switches, and security measures against threats such as viruses and phishing. It serves as a practical guide for Class 12 students studying computer networks.

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23 views4 pages

Computer Network Practical Sheet For Class 12

The document outlines the fundamentals of computer networks, including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, types, topologies, devices, transmission media, architectures, reference models, IP addressing, workgroup computing, and network security. Key topics include the OSI and TCP/IP models, various network devices like routers and switches, and security measures against threats such as viruses and phishing. It serves as a practical guide for Class 12 students studying computer networks.

Uploaded by

aashishsapkota077
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network Practical Sheet for Class 12

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Networks

• Definition: A computer network is a set of interconnected computers that share


resources and data.

• Advantages:

o Resource sharing

o Centralized data management

o Improved communication

• Disadvantages:

o Security risks

o Maintenance cost

o Network congestion

• Applications:

o File sharing

o Communication (email, video conferencing)

o Online gaming

Unit 2: Network Types and Topologies

• Network Types:

o LAN (Local Area Network): Covers small geographic areas.

o MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus.

o WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographic areas (country or global
scale).

• Network Topologies:

o Bus Topology: Devices connected to a single central cable.

o Ring Topology: Devices connected in a circular fashion.

o Star Topology: Devices connected to a central hub/switch.


o Mesh Topology: Devices connected to all other devices in the network.

Unit 3: Network Devices and Transmission Media

• Network Devices:

o Router: Routes data between different networks.

o Switch: Connects devices within a network.

o Hub: Connects multiple devices in a network (less intelligent than a switch).

o Modem: Converts digital data to analog for transmission.

• Transmission Media:

o Bounded Media: Physical cables like copper or fiber optics.

o Unbounded Media: Wireless transmission like radio waves and microwaves.

• Transmission Modes:

o Simplex: Data flows in one direction.

o Half-Duplex: Data flows in both directions, but not simultaneously.

o Full-Duplex: Data flows in both directions simultaneously.

Unit 4: Network Architecture

• Client-Server Architecture:

o Centralized network where the server provides services to client devices.

o Advantages: Centralized management, better security.

o Disadvantages: Server failure impacts all clients.

• Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture:

o Decentralized network where each device can act as both a client and a
server.

o Advantages: No dependency on a central server.

o Disadvantages: Security risks, hard to manage at scale.

Unit 5: Reference Models and IP Addressing

• OSI Model: 7 layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation,
Application).
• TCP/IP Model: 4 layers (Link, Internet, Transport, Application).

• Protocols:

o PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): Direct communication between devices.

o IP (Internet Protocol): Identifies devices with unique addresses.

o TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ensures reliable communication.

o FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between devices.

o SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Sends emails.

o HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Accesses web pages.

o POP (Post Office Protocol): Retrieves emails from a server.

• IP Addressing:

o IPv4: 32-bit address.

o IPv6: 128-bit address for more devices.

o Subnetting: Divides a network into smaller subnetworks.

Unit 6: Workgroup Computing

• Definition: Workgroup computing involves users sharing resources like files and
applications.

• Types:

o Peer-to-peer: No central server, shared resources.

o Client-server: Centralized server manages resources.

• Advantages: Easy collaboration and resource sharing.

• Disadvantages: Security risks and access control issues.

Unit 7: Network Security

• Introduction: Protects networks from unauthorized access and attacks.

• Network Security Types:

o Firewall Protection: Filters traffic between networks.

o Email Security: Protects against email-based threats.


o Anti-virus/Anti-malware Software: Protects against malicious software.

o VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure connection over the internet.

o Network Access Control: Manages user authentication, authorization, and


accountability.

• Common Network Security Threats:

o Virus: Malicious software that damages systems.

o Trojan Horse: Appears legitimate but is harmful.

o Worm: Self-replicating malware.

o Phishing Attacks: Fraudulent attempts to steal sensitive data.

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