Visual Programming Practical Sheet for class 12

Definition of C#:

C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed

by Microsoft as part of the .NET framework. It is used for building a wide range of
applications, including desktop, web, and mobile applications. C# is known for its
simplicity, powerful features, and compatibility with Windows-based systems.

Development of C#.NET

• C# was created by Anders Hejlsberg in 2000 as part of Microsoft’s .NET initiative.

Features of C#.NET

• Object-Oriented: Supports classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism.

• Type-Safe: Ensures data types are correct.

• Rich Library: Extensive library for handling files, databases, networking, etc.

Program 1: If-Else Ladder

This program demonstrates the use of multiple conditions using if, else if, and else.

using System;

class Program

static void Main()

int x = 20;

if (x > 50)
 {

Console.WriteLine("Greater than 50");

else if (x == 20)

Console.WriteLine("Equal to 20");

else

Console.WriteLine("Less than 20");

Explanation:

• The program checks whether the value of x is greater than 50, equal to 20, or less
than 20 and prints the corresponding message.

Program 2: For Loop

This program uses a for loop to print the first 5 numbers.

using System;

class Program

static void Main()

// Print numbers from 0 to 4

 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

Console.WriteLine(i);

Explanation:

• The for loop starts from i = 0 and runs until i reaches 4, printing the value of i at each
iteration.

Program 3: Multi-dimensional Array

This program demonstrates the use of a 2D array (matrix) in C#.

using System;

class Program

static void Main()

// Declare and initialize a 2x2 matrix

int[,] matrix = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };

// Access and display elements from the matrix

Console.WriteLine("Matrix Elements:");

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)

{
 for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)

Console.Write(matrix[i, j] + " ");

Console.WriteLine();

Explanation:

• This program creates a 2x2 matrix and prints the elements of the matrix row by row.

Program 4: String Manipulation

This program demonstrates the use of string methods to manipulate and display a string.

using System;

class Program

static void Main()

// Create a string

string message = "Hello, C# World!";

// Convert to uppercase

string upperMessage = message.ToUpper();

Console.WriteLine("Uppercase: " + upperMessage);

 // Get substring from the message

string substring = message.Substring(7, 3);

Console.WriteLine("Substring: " + substring);

// Replace characters in the string

string replacedMessage = message.Replace("World", "Universe");

Console.WriteLine("Replaced Message: " + replacedMessage);

Explanation:

• The program shows how to manipulate a string by converting it to uppercase,

extracting a substring, and replacing a word in the string.

Program 5: Simple Calculator Using Switch Statement

This program demonstrates the use of a switch statement to perform basic arithmetic
operations based on user input.

using System;

class Program

static void Main()

double num1, num2, result;

string operation;
// User input for numbers and operation

Console.WriteLine("Enter first number:");

num1 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());

Console.WriteLine("Enter second number:");

num2 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());

Console.WriteLine("Enter operation (+, -, *, /):");

operation = Console.ReadLine();

// Switch statement to perform the operation

switch (operation)

case "+":

result = num1 + num2;

Console.WriteLine("Result: " + result);

break;

case "-":

result = num1 - num2;

Console.WriteLine("Result: " + result);

break;

case "*":

result = num1 * num2;

Console.WriteLine("Result: " + result);

 break;

case "/":

if (num2 != 0)

result = num1 / num2;

Console.WriteLine("Result: " + result);

else

Console.WriteLine("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.");

break;

default:

Console.WriteLine("Invalid operation entered.");

break;

Explanation:

• The program prompts the user for two numbers and a mathematical operator.

• It uses a switch statement to perform the correct operation based on the user's
input (+, -, *, or /).

• If the user enters an invalid operation or attempts to divide by zero, it handles the
error accordingly