●​ Bandwidth - maximum amount of data that

Introduction to Networking can be transmitted over a network in a given

time.
Networking ●​ Latency - delay in data transmission over a
-​ Refers to the interconnection of computers and network, often measured in milliseconds.
devices to share resources and data. Lower latency means faster communication.
●​ Subnet (Subnetwork) - smaller network within
What is a computer network? a larger network, used to improve performance
-​ Consists of 2 or more computers connected and security.
together, and they can communicate and share ●​ Firewall - security system that monitors and
resources. controls incoming and outgoing network traffic
___________________________________________ to protect against cyber threats.
●​ Node - any device connected to a network,
Network terminologies: such as phone, computer, router.
●​ Bit - unit of information of 2 possible values, as ●​ Host - any device on a network that has an IP
either of the binary digits 0 or 1. address and can send and receive data.
●​ Byte - consecutive binary digits that are ●​ Packet - small unit of data transmitter over a
operated upon as a unit. There are 8 bits in a network.
byte. ●​ Client - a device that requests and receives
●​ Communication - process of conveying a services from a server.
message from sender to a receiver through a ___________________________________________
medium.
●​ Collision - attempt by 2 devices to transmit Network Devices
over the network at the same time usually
resulting in the data being lost.
Types of NIC according to architecture:
●​ Connection - Refers to pieces of related
1.​ Ethernet NIC - Supports the Ethernet
information that are transferred through a
architecture.
network.
2.​ Token Ring NIC - Supports IBM’s token ring
●​ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
architecture.
Protocol) - a network protocol used to
3.​ FDDI NIC (Fiber Distributed Data Interface
automate the process of configuring devices
NIC)
on IP networks.
4.​ ARCNET - NIC’s that contain chips that can
●​ Ethernet - widely installed local area network
handle the ARCNET architecture.
(LAN) technology.
●​ Gateway - device on a network that serves as
Specialized NIC:
an entrance to another network and routes
1.​ Wireless NIC
traffic.
2.​ Fiber-optic NIC
●​ Hardware (MAC) address - Media Access
3.​ NIC with remote Boot PROM - used in
Control. Unique address associated with a
computers with no floppy and hard disk drives.
particular network device.
●​ Internet (Interconnected Networks) - world’s
Repeaters - They allow a cabling system to extend
largest internetwork, connecting thousands of
beyond its maximum allowed length by amplifying the
networks worldwide.
network voltages so they travel farther.
●​ IP address (Internet Protocol) - 32-bit
address assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP
Hub - are devices used to link several computers
protocol.
together.
●​ IP protocol - allow the internet to work.
●​ Packet - unit of data sent across a network.
Bridges - provides interconnection with other
Data is broken into packets for sending over a
computer networks that use the same protocol.
packet switching network.
●​ Protocol - Rules determining the format and
Routers - are highly intelligent devices that connect
transmission of data over a network.
multiple network types and determine the best path for
●​ Server - A network that handles requests for
sending data.
data, email, files, and other network services
from other computers (clients).
Modem - a device connecting your home to your
internet service provider (ISP) through a physical
connection.

Types of Modem:
1.​ Internal MODEM
2.​ External MODEM
3.​ Cellular MODEM
4.​ PCMCIA MODEM
5.​ Voice/data/fax MODEM
6.​ Wireless MODEM

Common networking symbols