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Assignment 2CN

The document discusses the importance of IP addressing in creating public and private networks, highlighting the functions and classifications of IP addresses. It explains how public IPs enable internet communication while private IPs facilitate local network communication, emphasizing security, network segmentation, and the role of NAT and DHCP. Additionally, it outlines the efficient use of IPv4 addresses and the significance of cloud services in networking.

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6 views4 pages

Assignment 2CN

The document discusses the importance of IP addressing in creating public and private networks, highlighting the functions and classifications of IP addresses. It explains how public IPs enable internet communication while private IPs facilitate local network communication, emphasizing security, network segmentation, and the role of NAT and DHCP. Additionally, it outlines the efficient use of IPv4 addresses and the significance of cloud services in networking.

Uploaded by

mhaseebmehmood47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment 2

Computer Networks

Name: M. Haseeb Mahmood


Roll Number: 22-CS-30
Semester: CS 6th
Submitted TO: MAM HINA
How IP Addressing Helps in Creating Public and Private Networks in a Computer
Network
IP addressing is fundamental in networking as it enables devices to communicate over local networks (private) and
the internet (public). The classification of IP addresses into public and private plays a crucial role in structuring
networks, ensuring security, efficient IP management, and seamless data transmission. Below is a detailed
explanation of how IP addressing facilitates the creation of public and private networks in a computer network.

Understanding IP Addressing:
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network that uses the
Internet Protocol for communication. It serves two main functions:

 Identification: Uniquely identifies a device on a network.


 Location: Specifies the device's location within the network.

IP addresses exist in two versions:

 IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Uses a 32-bit addressing scheme (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Uses a 128-bit addressing scheme (e.g., 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329).

For effective network management, IP addresses are classified into public and private IP addresses.

Public Vs Private IP Address

A. Public IP Addresses

 Definition: Public IPs are globally unique addresses assigned by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). They
allow devices to communicate directly over the internet.
 Purpose: Used by websites, cloud servers, email servers, and other internet-facing devices.
 Example Use Cases:
o Hosting a website (203.0.113.5).
o Connecting an enterprise firewall to the internet.
o Assigning to cloud servers for remote access.
 Public IP Address Ranges (Assigned by IANA – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority):
o Any IP that is not in the private range is considered public.
 Example of a Public IP: 102.54.98.12

B. Private IP Addresses

 Definition: Private IP addresses are reserved for internal network communication and cannot be accessed
directly from the internet.
 Purpose: Used for local area networks (LANs), office networks, and home Wi-Fi setups.
 Example Use Cases:
o Assigning IPs to computers, printers, and IoT devices.
o Internal communication within an enterprise network.
o Connecting devices within a home Wi-Fi network.
 Private IP Address Ranges (Defined by RFC 1918):
o Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (Large organizations)
o Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (Medium-sized networks)
o Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 (Small networks, home routers)
 Example of a Private IP: 192.168.1.10

Since private IPs are non-routable over the internet, they rely on Network Address Translation (NAT) to
communicate with public networks.

How IP Addressing Helps

The structured use of public and private IP addressing enables efficient networking. Below are key aspects:

A. Network Segmentation

 Public and private IPs help separate internal (local) and external (internet) communications.
 This improves network organization, security, and efficiency.
 Example:
o A company assigns private IPs to employee computers (192.168.1.5).
o The company’s web server has a public IP (205.45.67.10).

B. Security Enhancement

 Private networks keep sensitive data isolated, reducing cyber threats.


 Firewalls block unauthorized access to private networks.
 Example: A home router assigns private IPs to devices (192.168.0.5), while the router itself has a public
IP.

C. Network Address Translation (NAT)

 NAT converts private IPs into a public IP for internet access.


 This helps conserve IPv4 addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP.
 Example:
o A home network with multiple devices (laptop, phone, TV) all use private IPs (192.168.1.x).
o NAT translates these private IPs into a single public IP assigned by the ISP.

D. Efficient Use of IPv4 Addresses

 Since IPv4 addresses are limited, private IPs are reused across different networks.
 Private IPs ensure scalability without exhausting global IP space.
 Example:
o Every home router uses 192.168.x.x, but NAT allows them to access the internet using a public IP.

E. Role of DHCP in IP Address Assignment

 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns private IPs to devices.
 Reduces manual configuration and simplifies network management.
 Example:
o A home router dynamically assigns IPs (192.168.1.10, 192.168.1.11) to connected devices.

F. Cloud & Enterprise Networking

 Cloud services use public IPs for global accessibility (e.g., AWS, Azure).
 Private IPs enable secure internal communication between virtual machines (VMs).
 Example

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