8

C H A P T E R

APPLICATIONS OF THE
INTEGRALS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After going through this Chapter, the student would be able to learn:
 Area under simple curves
 Area bounded by a curve and a line

Revision Notes
zzArea Under Simple Curves:
(i) Let us find the area bounded by the
curve y = f(x), X-axis and the ordinates
x = a and x = b. Consider the area
under the curve as composed by large
number of thin vertical strips.
Let there be an arbitrary strip of
height y and width dx.
Area of elementary strip dA = y dx, where y = f(x).
Total area A of the region between X-axis ordinates (iv) It may also happen that some
x = a, x = b and the curve y = f(x) = sum of areas of portion of the curve is above X-axis
elementary thin strips across the region PQML. and some portion is below X-axis as
b b shown in the figure. Let A1 be the area
A = ∫ y dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx below X-axis and A2 be the area above
a a
the X-axis. Therefore, area bounded
by the curve y = f(x), X-axis and the
ordinates x = a and x = b is given by
A = |A1| + |A2|

Example-1
Example 1: Find the area enclosed by the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1.
a2 b2
(ii)The area A of the region bounded by the curve x = g(y), x2 y2
Sol. Let + = 1 …(i)
Y-axis and the lines y = c and y = d is given by a 2
b2
d d
A = ∫ x dy = ∫ g ( y ) dy
c c

(iii) If the curve under consideration lies below X-axis,

then f(x) < 0 from x = a to x = b, the area bounded
by the curve y = f(x) and the ordinates x = a, x = b The area of the region ABA’B’A bounded by the ellipse
and X-axis is negative. But, if the numerical value of the = 4 × area of the region AOBA
area is to be taken into consideration, then a
b
=−4 ∫ y dx
0
Area = ∫a f ( x )dx
 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII

Example-1
From eq. (i), we get
b 2
y= ± a − x2
a

Therefore,
The area of the region ABA’B’A bounded by the ellipse
b a
= 4 ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx
a 0

[As the region AOBA lies in the
first quadrant, y is taken as positive] So, by above figure, the required area of the region AOBA
a 4 4
4b  x 2 a2 x = 2 × ∫ x dy = 2 × ∫ y dy [Since, x = y]
=  a − x 2 + sin −1  0 0

a  2 2 a  0


4
 3

4 b  a a2 −1 
  y2   3 
=  × 0 + sin 1  − 0  = 2 ×   = 2 × 2  4 2 − 0  = 4 × 8 = 32
a  2 2   3

  3  3 3

 2 0

4b a2 π
= × × Thus, the area of the region bounded by the curve
a 2 2
= pab 32

y = x2 and the line y = 4 is square units.

Thus, the area of the region ABA’B’A bounded by the 3
ellipse is pab square units.
KEY-TERMS
Example-2 Arbitrary: An arbitrary constant is a symbol that can be
Example 2: Find the area of the region bounded by assigned different values.
the curve y = x2 and the line y = 4.
Sol. Given curve y = x2 is a parabola which is Curve: A curve is a line or shape that has bends or turns
symmetrical about y-axis only. and is smoothly drawn in a plane

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 mark each) Answering Tip

2
1. Find the area bounded by y = x , the X-axis and the Learn to draw the graphs correctly.
lines x = −1 and x = 1. R [SQP 2020-21]

2. Find the area bounded by the curve x = 2y + 3,
Sol.
Y-axis and the lines y = 1 and y = –1.
R&U [OEB]

3. Find the area lying between the curve y2 = 4x and
y = 2x. R [OEB]

Sol. The area lying between the curve y2 = 4x and y = 2x
is represented by the shaded area OBAO as

1
Area of shaded region =−2 ∫ x 2 dx
0

2 31 2
= [ x ]0 = sq. unit 1
3 3


[Marking Scheme, SQP 2020-21]
The points of intersection of the curves are O(0, 0)
Commonly Made Error and A(1, 2).
Students fail to identify the figure correctly. We draw AC perpendicular to X-axis such that
coordinate of C is (1, 0).

This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter
Applications of the Integrals

Area of OBAO = Area of ∆OCABO − Area of ∆OCA

1 1
=A ∫2 x dx − ∫ 2 x dx
0 0
1
 32 1
 x   x2 
= 2 3 − 2 
   2  0
 2  0
4 
=  − 1
3 
1
= +
3 U [CFPQ]
1
= sq. units 1
3 Sol. Required area is given by the absolute value of the
integral I, where
4. Find the area lying in the first quadrant and 2 3
∫ 0( 4 − x )dx + ∫ − ( 4 − x 2 )dx
2
I= 1
bounded by circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the lines x = 0 2


and x = 2. R [OEB] 
2 3
x3   x3 

= 4 x −  − 4 x − 
Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)  3  0  3  2


1. Sketch the region bounded by the lines 2x + y = 8,
 8   8 
y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis. Hence, obtain its area =  8 −  − 0 − (12 − 9 ) −  8 −  
 3   3 

using integration. Ap [Delhi Set-1, 2023]

16  16 
Sol. 2x + y = 8 = − 3− 
3  3


y =2
23

y =4 = square units 1
3



3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2
= 4x, y-axis and line y = 3.
R&U [APQ Set-2, 2023-24]

Sol.

1

4 4 8−y
Required Area = ∫2 xdy = ∫2 2
dy

4
 y2 
= 4 y −  = [16 – 4 – 8 + 1] 1
4  2

 2 3 3
3 y y
Required area = ∫0 dy = 

Required Area = 5 unit 2
1 4 12 

0


[Making Scheme Delhi Set-1, 2023-24] 27 9

–0= square units 1
=
12 4

Commonly Made Error

[Marking Scheme APQ, Set-2 2023-24]
Students do not write the unit. 4. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola
y2 = 8x and the line x = 2.
Answering Tip R&U [SQP 2020-21]
Students should write the sq. units with the Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

answer. 1. Find the area of the following region using
2. Find the area of the shaded region between the integration:
curve, y = 4 – x2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 and the X-axis. {(x, y) : y2 ≤ 2x and y ≥ x – 4} Ap [Delhi Set-2, 2023]


These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII

OR
1
Using integration, find the area of the region in the Required Area = 2 ∫ y dx
0

first quadrant enclosed by the line x + y = 2, the
1
parabola y2 = x and X-axis. Ap [SQP 2020-21] = 2∫ 4 − x 2 dx
0



Concept Applied Area enclosed between 1
parabola and line. x 1 x
= 2 4 − x 2 + × 4 sin −1 
2 2 2 0
Sol. Given: y2 = 2x ...(i)

 3 


y =x–4 ...(ii) π
= 2 + 2 × − 0 − 0


Required area is OABCO  2 6 

from (i) and (ii)
(x – 4)2 = 2x  2π 
=  3+ unit 2 2
3 

x2 – 10x + 16 = 0 

(x – 8) (x – 2) = 0


[Marking Scheme Delhi Set-2, 2023]

x = 8 and x = 2 3. Using integration, find the area of the region
∴ Intersection points (2, – 2) and (8, 4) bounded by y = mx(m > 0), x = 1, x = 2 and the
x-axis. Ap [Delhi Set-3, 2023]


2
Sol. Required Area = ∫1 ydx

= ∫1 mxdx 1


1½

Required Area
4
4  y2   y2 y3 
∫−2 
( y + 4 ) − 
2 
dy = 
 2
+ 4 y − 
6  −2


 32 4
=  8 + 16 − −2+8− 
 3 3

= 30 – 12

= 18 unit2 1½


[Marking Scheme Delhi Set-1, 2023] 1


2
 mx 2 
Commonly Made Error =  2 
 1

Students are unable to identify whether the given
equation is a straight line, circle, parabola, ellipse m
= 2m −
etc. 2

3m
Answering Tip = unit 2 1
2


Students should practice so they could recognise [Marking Scheme Delhi Set-3, 2023]
equations of different types of curves. 4. Draw a rough sketch of the curve y = 1 + |x + 1|,
x = – 3, x = 3, y = 0 and find the area of the region
2. Find the area of the minor segment of the circle x2 + bounded by them using integration.
y2 = 4 cut off by the line x = 1, using integration. Ap [APQ Set-2, 2023-24]
Ap [Delhi Set-2, 2023]

Sol.

Sol. x2 + y2 = 4
y= 4 − x2
\
1 1


Applications of the Integrals

–1 3 Sol. Given curve is 4x2 = y and line is y = 8x + 12

Required area = ∫ –x dx + ∫ ( x + 2) dx On solving both equation, we get

–3 –1
–1 3
 –x2   x2 
=   +  + 2x 
 2  –3  2  –1

–1  9  1 
=
2
(1 – 9) +  2 + 6 –  2 – 2 
 

= 4 + 12 = 16 square units 2


[Marking Scheme APQ Set-2, 2023-24]
5. Find the area bounded by the curve y = |x – 1| and
y = 1, using integration. Ap [Delhi Set-1, 2022-23]

Sol. 4x2 = 8x + 12

Þ x2 = 2x + 3
2
Þ x – 2x – 3 = 0
Þ x = 3, –1 1


∫−1{( 8x + 12 ) − 4 x }dx
3 2
Required area =

( )
3
= 4 ∫−1 2 x + 3 − x dx
2

3
 x3 
= 4  x 2 + 3x − 
1  3  −1


We have, y = (x – 1)
y = x – 1, if x – 1 ³ 0   1 
= 4 ( 9 + 9 − 9 ) −  1 − 3 +  

y = –x + 1, if x – 1 < 0 1   3 



Required Area = Area of shaded region
 1

2 = 49 + 2 − 
A = ∫0 ydx  3


1 2  1
= ∫0 (1 − x )dx + ∫1 ( x − 1)dx = 4  11 − 
 3


1 2
 x2   x2  32 128
= x −  +  − x  = 4× = sq. units 2
2 0  2 3 3


 1

[Marking Scheme Outside Delhi Set-1, 2022-23]
 1  0 4  1 
= 1 −  −  0 −  +  − 2  −  − 1 7. Using integration, find the area of the region
 2   2   2   2 

bounded by the curves x2 + y2 = 4, x = 3y and
1 1
= + X-axis lying in the first quadrant.
2 2

Ap [Outside Delhi Set-2, 2022-23]

= 1 sq. unit 2
Sol. Given equation of circle


[Marking Scheme Delhi Set-1, 2022-23] x2 + y2 = 4

or x2 + y2 = (2)2
Commonly Made Error \ radius = 2
Sometimes students do not apply correct limits or
consider area twice the result.

Answering Tip
Learn to apply limits correctly to avoid errors.

6. Find the area of the region bounded by curve 4x2 = y

and the line y = 8x + 12, using integration.
Ap [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2022-23]

 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII

So, point A is (2, 0) and point B is (0, 2). Sol.

Let line x = 3 y intersect the circle at point C.

On solving x2 + y2 = 4 and x = 3 y , we get

( )
2
3y + y2 = 4

Þ 3y2 + y2 = 4
Þ 4y2 = 4
Þ y2 = 1
Þ y = ±1 Area bounded region
For y = 1, x = 3 and y = –1, x = − 3 = 2 ar(OBC) + ar(CBDE)

Since point C is in 1st quadrant 2 3
= 2∫ xdx + ∫ xdx
( ) 0 2

\ C= 3, 1
2 3
3 2
 3  3
x2  x2 
\ Required Area = ∫0 y line dx + ∫ ycircle dx
3
1 = 2  +  
3 3


3 x 2
 2 0  2 2
= ∫0 3
dx + ∫
3
4 − x 2 dx
2  32  2  32 3


1 3 2 = 2× ( 2 )  + ( 3) − ( 2 ) 
2
1
∫0 x dx + ∫ 2

= 4 − x dx 3  3  
3 3

4 2
1  x2  1 ( 2 )2
3
x
2
= × 2 2 + 3 3 − 2 2 

=   + x 4−x +
2
sin −1  3 3
3  2  0  2 2 2  3
 4 2 2
= 2 2 −  + ×3 3 1

 1   3 3 3
2 −1  2  
  ( 2 ) 4 − 2 + 2 sin   
{( }

1
) 2  2 
2
= 3 − 0 +  
= 2 2×
2
+2 3
  1 −1 3 
( ) ( )

2
2 3 3
−  3 4 − 3 + 2 sin n 
  2 2 
4 4
= 2 + 2 3 = × 1.4 + 2 × 1.7

3 3 3 3 3
= + 2 sin −1 (1) − − 2 sin −1
2 2 2 = 1.87 + 3.4 = 5.27 sq. units (Approx.) 1

π π 9. Shown below is the graph of f(x) = 2x2 in the first
= 2 −2 quadrant.
2 3
2π π
= π− = sq. units
3 3
[Marking Scheme Outside Delhi Set-2, 2022-23] 2
8. Shown below is a parabola.

Find the area of the shaded region. Show your steps.

Find the area of the shaded region. Show your steps.

(Note: Take 2 as 1.4 and 3 as 1.7.)

(Note: You need not evaluate the square roots.)


Ap & E [APQ 2021-22]
Ap & E [CBSE Practice Questions 2021-22]
Applications of the Integrals

Sol. Y 10. Find the area of the ellipse x2 + 9y2 = 36 using

integration. R&U [SQP 2020-21]
5D F C
11. Using integration, find the area of the region
{( x , y ) : 0 ≤ y ≤ 3 x , x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4} R&U [SQP 2021-22]
4


OR
Find the area of the region bounded by the curves

x2 + y2 = 4, y = 3x and X-axis in the first quadrant.

B R&U [SQP 2020-21]

A


2
Sol.Solving y = 3x and x2 + y2 = 4, we get the
points of intersection as (1, 3 ) and ( −1, − 3 )

X
O

1

Area bounded region
= ar(OACD) – ar rect. (ABDF)

5
= ∫ 0
xdy − length × breadth

5 y
= ∫ 0
2
dy − (1 × 3) 1

y 1
[Since, given y = 2x2 or x = ]

2 The required area = The shaded area
5 1 2
 3 =∫ 3x dx + ∫ 4 − x 2 dx
1  y2  0 1
=   −3 3  2 1 1  x
2
2 3  + x 4 − x 2 + 4 sin −1 

= x 1
 2 0 2   0 2  2 1
2 3 3 1 π
= ( 5) 2 − 3 = + 2π − 3 − 2 
3 2 2 2 3

2π
2×5 5  5 10  = square units 1
= −3= − 3 sq. units. 1 3
3 2  3 

[Marking Scheme 2021-22]
Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

2
1. Using integration, find the area of region bounded by line y = 3x , the curve y = 4−x and y-axis in first
quadrant. Ap [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2023]

Topper's Answer, 2016
Sol.

This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter
 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII


2. Using integration, find the area of triangle whose
Commonly Made Error vertices are (–1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
Students make mistake in shading the required
Ap [Outside Delhi Set-2, 2023-24]
area.

OR
Answering Tip
Using integration, find the area of triangle ABC,

Students should read the question carefully and whose vertices are A(2, 5), B(4, 7) and C(6, 2).
shade the asked area.
Ap [Delhi Set-2, 2019]

Applications of the Integrals

Concept Applied Area of triangle using Sol.

Integration

Sol. A(–1, 1), B(0, 5), C(3, 2)

x y
Eqn. of line + =1
5 4

Equ. of the side AB
5−1  x 4x
y–1 = ( x + 1) y = 41 −  = 4 −
0+1

 5  5

y = 4x + 5
Eqn. of the ellipse

Equ. of the side BC

2−5 x2 y2
y–5 = (x − 0) + =1
3−0 25 16


y–5 =–x x2 4
y = 4 1− = 25 − x 2

y =5–x 25 5

1

Equ. of the side AC
2 −1

y–1 = ( x + 1) 5
3+1 Required area = ∫0 ( yellipse − yline )dx 1


4y – 4 = x + 1



x+5 54  4 x 
y=
4
2 = ∫0  5 25 − x 2 −  4 −

 dx
5  



Required area of DABC 54 5 4x 
0 3
= ∫ ( 4 x + 5) dx + ∫ ( 5 − x ) dx − ∫ 
3
x+5
dx
= ∫0 5 25 − x 2 dx − ∫  4 −
0
 5 
dx

−1 
4 


−1 0 5
5
4 x 1 x  4x2 
 4x2 
0

3 3 =  25 − x 2 + 25 sin −1  −  4 x − 
x2  1  x2  5 2 2 5  0  10  0
=  + 5x  +  5x −  −  + 5x 
 2  −1  2  0 4  2  −1

4  25 
= sin −1 1 − [ 20 − 10]
 21  1  39 9  5  2 

= (0 + 3) +  − 0  −  + 
 2  4 2 2
4 25π
21 = × − 10
= 3+ −6 5 4

2
= (5p – 10)
15

= unit2. 3 Required Area (5p – 10) unit2 3

2

[Marking Scheme Outside Delhi Set-3, 2023]
[Marking Scheme Outside Delhi Set-2, 2023]
4. Shown below are concrete elliptical water pipes,

each 10 feet in length.
Commonly Made Error
Students do not apply correct limits or consider
area twice the result.

Answering Tip
Learn to apply limits correctly to avoid errors.

3. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by

x2 y2 x y
the curves + = 1 and + = 1, using
25 16 5 4
integration. Ap [Outside Delhi Set-3, 2023]

 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII

5. Make a rough sketch of the region {( x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x2

+ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2} and find the area of the
region, using the method of integration.
R&U [SQP 2023-24]


OR
Make a rough sketch of the region {(x, y) : 0 < y

< x2, 0 < y < x, 0 < x < 2} and find the area of the
region using integration. R&U [SQP 2022-23]


OR
Using integration find the area of the region:

{(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x2, 0 ≤ y ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2}

The graph given above represents the inner R&U [Outside Delhi Set-2, 2020]

circumference of the elliptical pipe, where x and y


are in feet. Assume that the water flows uniformly Concept Applied Area bounded by parabola
and fully covers the inner cross-sectional area of and two lines
the pipe.
Find the volume of water in the pipe at a given Sol. To find the point of intersections of the curve y = x2 + 1
and the line y = x + 1.

instant of time, in terms of π.
Use the integration method and show your steps. we write x2 + 1 = x + 1 ⇒ x (x – 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 1.

(Note: Volume = Area of the base × Height) So, the point of intersections P(0, 1) and Q(1, 2).

Ap [APQ Set-1, 2023-24] Area of the shaded region OPQRTSO = (Area of the

Sol. The equation of the ellipse as: region OSQPO + Area of the region STRQS)
x2 y2 1 2
∫0 ( x + 1) dx + ∫ ( x + 1) dx
2
+ = 1 ½ = 1
1
36 16



Express y in terms of x as:
4
y= ± 36 − x 2 ½
6

Integrate the above equation with respect to x from
limit 0 to 6, that gives the area of one quarter of the
ellipse. The working may look as follows:
64
∫0 6 36 − x dx
2
½

Applies the formula of integration and simplifies
O
as:
6
4 x 2 2 6 −1  x 

2
 6 − x + sin   ½
6 2 2 
6 0 2

1 2

Applies the limit and solves further as:  x3   x2 
=  + x +  + x
4 6 62 −1
  3  0  2 1
 × 0 + sin (1) − 0  ½
6 2 2 
 1    1 

Simplifies the above expression to get the area of =  + 1  − 0  + ( 2 + 2 ) −  + 1   ½
 3    2 

one-quarter of the base as 6π sq feet. 1


Finds the area of the whole ellipse as: 23
= ½
4 × 6π = 24π sq feet. ½ 6


Finds the volume of water as: 23
Hence the required area is sq units. 1
24π × 10 = 240π cubic feet. 1 6

[Marking Scheme APQ Set-1, 2023-24]

[Marking Scheme SQP 2023-24]

Commonly Made Error

Commonly Made Error
Students skip the steps during calculation and
unable to reach the answers. Mostly students fail to integrate correctly and
apply the limits.
Answering Tip Answering Tip
Students should not skip the steps and do the
Practice more problems in integration.
calculations carefully.
Applications of the Integrals

6. Find the area of the region OR

{(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 1 £ (x + y)}. Using integration, find the area of the region

{(x, y) : x2 + y2 ≤ 9, x + y ≥ 3}}.

A [SQP 2020-21] [Foreign 2017]
A [Delhi Set-1, 2020]


Concept Applied Area bounded by a circle and
a line

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

Objective Type Questions What is the area of the shaded region?


3
[A] Multiple Choice Questions (A) 2 sq units (B)
2
sq units
1. What is the area of the shaded region between the
curve y = x2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 and Y-axis? 1
(C) sq units (D) (2 26 − 1) sq units
2
[APQ Set-1, 2023-24]


Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: If points D, E and F are the mid-points
of AB, BC and CA respectively, then area of ∆DFE =
1
× area of ∆ABC
4
Required shaded area

1
= × area of ∆ABC
4

1 1
= × [0(2 – 4) + 2(6 – 0) + 4(0 – 2)]
4 2

2 2 1
(A)− ∫0 x dx
2
(B)− ∫ ydy = [0(2 – 4) + 2(6 – 0) + 4(0 – 2)]
0
8

4 4
(C)− ∫ x 2 dy (D)− ∫ ydy 1 1
0 0 = [4] = square units
8 2

[CFPQ]
[Marking Scheme APQ Set-1, 2023-24]

Ans. Option (D) is correct.
3. Shown below is the curve defined by the equation
Explanation: y = x2 is rewritten as x = y and
y = log (x + 1) for x ≥ 0. 1
integrated from y = 0 to y = 4.
2. The points D, E and F are the mid-points of AB, BC
and CA respectively. 1


Which of these is the area of the shaded region?

(A) 6 log (2) – 2 (B) 6 log (2) – 6
(C) 6 log (2) (D) 5 log (2)
[APQ Set-1, 2023-24]

Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: We have, y = log (x + 1)
(Note: The figure is not to scale.)

This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter
 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII

Required Area From figure, area of shaded region

4
3 A = 4∫ 4 2 − x 2 dx
= ∫1 log( x + 1)dx 0

3 Ans. Option (A) is correct.
= ∫1 log( x + 1).1 dx Explanation:


4
3 1 Required area, A = 4 ∫0 4 − x dx
2 2
= [log( x + 1).x ]13 − ∫ x. dx
1 ( x + 1)

4
3 1  x 2 16 −1 x 
= 4  16 − x + sin
= ( 3 log 4 − log 2 ) − ∫  1 − dx 2 2 4  0
1
 x + 1 


 π
= ( 6 log 2 − log 2 ) − [ x ]13 + [log( x + 1)]13 = 4 0 + 8 ⋅ 
 2

= 5 log – 2 + (log 4 – log 2)

= 16 sq. units

= 5 log 2 – 2 + (2 log 2 – log 2)

π
2. Assertion (A): The region bounded by the curve

= 6 log 2 – 2
8

[Marking Scheme APQ Set-1, 2023-24] y2 = 16x, Y-axis and the line y = 2 is .
4. The area of the region bounded by the circle 3
x2 + y2 = 1 is 2
(A) 2p sq. units (B) p sq. units
Reason (R): Required area = ∫0 xdy. [OEB]


(C) 3p sq. units (D) 4p sq. units [OEB] Ans. Option (D) is correct.

5. The area of the region bounded by the curve Explanation: From figure,
y = x + 1 and the lines x = 2 and x = 3 is
7 9
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units
2 2
11 13
(C) sq. units (D) sq. units
2 2
[OEB]

[B] Assertion & Reason
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason 2
(R). Choose the correct answer out of the following
Area of OAB = ∫0 xdy

choices.
2 y2
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A.
= ∫0 16 dy

(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct 2
explanation of A. 1  y3 
=  
(C) A is true but R is false. 16  3  0

(D) A is false but R is true. 1 8 1
= × = sq. units
1. Assertion (A): The area bounded by the circle 16 3 6
x2 + y2 = 16 is 16 sq. units.

3. Assertion (A): The area of the region bounded by the
π
Reason (R): We have x2 + y2 = 16, which is a circle
having centre at (0, 0) and radius 4 units. lines AB: 2x + y = 4, BC: 3x – 2y = 6 and CA: x – 3y +
7
∴ y 2 = 16 − x 2 ⇒ y = 16 − x 2 [OEB] 5 = 0 is sq units. [OEB]
2


41 2
Reason (R): Area = ∫1 3 ( x + 5)dx − ∫1 ( 4 − 2x )dx
41
−∫ ( 3x − 6 )dx
2 2

These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
Applications of the Integrals

Ans. Option (A) is correct. x2 = – 4ay

Explanation: ⇒ 50 × 50 = – 4a(–10)
41 41
125
2 ⇒ a =
Area = ∫1 3 ( x + 5)dx − ∫1 ( 4 − 2x )dx −∫2 2 (3x − 6)dx 2

4 2 4
Therefore required equation is:
1  ( x + 5 )2   ( 2 − x )2  3  ( x − 2 )2  125
=   + 2  −   x2 = −4 y
3  2   2 1 2  2  2 2

1
or, x2 = – 250 y
 81 36  3
=  −  + ( 0 − 1) − ·4 50 x2
 6 6  4 2. The value of the integral ∫−50 250 dx is
15 7 1000 250
= − 1 − 3 = sq. units. (A) (B)
2 2 3 3
(C) 1200 (D) 0
[C] Case Based MCQs
Solve the given questions, each carries 1 mark. Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:

I. Read the following text and answer the following
50
questions on the basis of the same: 50 xx 22 11  xx 33  50
∫∫ 50
250
dx =
dx = 250
 
250  33  −50
−50
−50 250
−50
11 11
=  3 3
= 250 × × (( 50 50 ))3 −
− (( −
−50
50 ))3 
250 33 
1
= 1 [[125000
= 125000 + + 125000
125000]]
750
750
1000
= 1000
=
33
50
∫−50 x
3. The integrand of the integral 2
dx is ________

function.
(A) Even
(B) Odd
(C) Neither odd nor even
(D) None of these
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
The bridge connects two hills 100 feet apart. The f (x) = x2

arch on the bridge is in a parabolic form. The highest f ( −x) = x2
point on the bridge is 10 feet above the road at the \ f(x) is even function.
middle of the bridge as shown in the figure. 4. The area formed by the curve x2 = 250y, X-axis,
[QB-2021]

y = 0 and y = 10 is
1. The equation of the parabola designed on the bridge
1000 2 4

is (A) (B)
(A) x2 = 250y (B) x2 =−250y 3 3
2
(C) y = 250x (D) y2 = 250y 1000
(C) (D) 0
Ans. Option (B) is correct. 3
Explanation: Ans. Option (C) is correct.

Explanation:
x 2 = 250 y
1 2
y= x
250
at y=0 x=0
at y = 10 x = 50 , −50
∴ Area formed by curve
50 1
=∫ x 2 dx
−50 250

1 1  3  50
= × x
250 3   −50
1
= [ 250000]
750
 250
at y=0 x=0
at y = 10 x = 50 , −50
ormed by curve
1 2
50 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII
=∫ x dx
250
−50

1 1  3  50 Sol. Area of region ABCD

= × x = Area of DABC + Area of DADC
250 3   −50

1 ...(i)


= [ 250000] Now,area of DABC
750
1000 1
= sq. units = | −1( 3 − 2 ) + 1( 2 − 0 ) + 3( 0 − 3)|
3 2

1
= | −1 + 2 − 9 |
[C] Case Based Subjective Questions 2

This section comprises of case-study/passage- 1
= × 8 = 4 sq. units 1

based questions. These case study questions have 2

three sub sub-parts of marks 1, 1, 2 respectively. 1
I. Read the following text and answer the following and Area of DADC = × base × height
2
questions on the basis of the same:
1 1
Three friends Amit, Sumit and Rahul living in a = × AD × CD = × 4 × 2
2 2

society. The location of their houses in the society
= 4 sq. units ½
forms a triangular shape. The location of three

From eq. (i), we get
houses of that society is represented by the points Area of region ABCD = 4 + 4 = 8 sq. units ½
A(–1, 0), B(1, 3) and C(3, 2) as shown in given figure. OR
½

∫ 1 − ( x − 1)2
0
½
x −1 1  x − 1 
=  1 − ( x − 1)2 + sin −1   1
 2 2  1 0


11  1 1  1  1
=  − 1  1 − + sin −1  −  −  −  ( 0 )
22  4 2  2  2
1
− sin −1 ( −1)
2
1. Find the equation of line AB.
Sol. Equation of line AB is  −1 3 1 π 1 π
=  . − . +0+ . 
3−0  4 2 2 6 2 2 
y–0 = [ x − ( −1)]
1 − ( −1) − 3 π π π 3
= − + = − 1
8 12 4 6 8
[Since, equation of line passing through (x1, y1) and

y − y1 II. Read the following text and answer the question on
(x2, y2) is (y – y1) = 2 ( x − x1 ) ] the basis of the same.
x 2 − x1
Riya loves to eat pizza. On her birthday, she invites
3 her friends for pizza party in a famous pizza shop.
\ y= ( x + 1) 1 She decided to cut pizza as her birthday cake. Riya
2
cuts the pizza with a knife. Pizza is a circular in shape
2. Find the equation of line BC.
which is represented by x2 + y2 = 4 and the sharp
Sol. Equation of line BC is:
edge of knife represents a straight line given by
Similarly, equation of line BC is
x = 3y .
2−3
y–3 = ( x − 1)
3−1
−1
Þ y–3 = ( x − 1)
2
−1 7
Þ y= x+ 1
2 2
3. Find the area of region ABCD.
OR
½
Evaluate: ∫ 1 − ( x − 1)2

0
Applications of the Integrals

3 2
x = 3y x
Required area = ∫ 3
dx + ∫ 4 − x 2 dx 1
Pizza 0 3


3. Find the value of the region bounded by the
circular pizza and the edge of the knife in the first
quadrant.
OR
x2 + y2 = 4
Find the area of the each slice of pizza when Riya

cuts the pizza into 4 equal pieces. Also, find area of
1. Find the point of intersection of line and pizza as whole pizza. 2


shown in the given figure. 3 2
x
Sol. Given equations are: Sol. Required area = ∫ 3
dx + ∫ 4 − x 2 dx
x2 + y 2 = 4 0 3

and x = 3y 3 2
So, 3y2 + y2 = 4 1  x2  x 4  x 
=   + 4 − x 2 + sin −1    1
⇒ 4y2 = 4 3  2  0 2 2  2  3
⇒ y2 =1


⇒ y =±1 1 3   −1  3 −1 3 

Also, x =±√3 =  2 − 0  +  2 sin (1) −  2 + 2 sin 2  
Thus, point of intersection of line and pizza are: 3     
( − 3 , −1) and ( 3 , 1). 1
3 2π 3 2π

= + − −
2. Write the expression for the area bounded by the 2 2 2 3
circular pizza and the edge of the knife in the first
quadrant. π
= sq. units
3

1
Sol.
OR
We have, x2 + y 2 = 4
Þ (x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = (2)2
\ Radius = 2
1 1
Area of th slice of pizza = p(2)2 = p sq. units 1
4 4


Area of whole pizza = p(2)2 = 4p sq. units 1

SOLUTIONS FOR PRACTICE QUESTIONS
VSATQs 4. The area bounded by the circle and the lines in the
first quadrant is represented as:
2.

From the figure, area of the shaded region, 2

1
A = ∫ ydx
=A ∫ ( 2 y + 3) dy
−1
0
2
1
=  y 2 + 3y  =[1+3 − 1+3] = ∫ 4 − x 2 dx
−1
0
 
= 6 sq. units 1 2
x 4 x

= 4 − x 2 + sin −1 
2 2 2 0
= π sq. units
 2
A = ∫ ydx
0
2 MATHEMATICS, Class-XII
∫
2
= 4 − x dx
0
2
x 4 x 4 x 2
6
= 4 − x 2 + sin −1  2 36 −1  x  
2 2 2 0 =  6 − x + sin   
3 2 2  6  0

= π sq. units 1
4 π 
= 18 × − 0  = 12 π sq.units 1


SATQs-I 3  2 

2
[Marking Scheme SQP 2020-21]
4. Area = 2 ∫ 8xdx
0 Commonly Made Error
2 1
Some students fail to find the standard equation
= 2 × 2 2∫ x 2 dx 1 of the ellipse and hence get wrong with the figure.
0

2
x  3/2
= 4 2 
 3 / 2  0 Answering Tip

8
3 Learn to sketch the graphs of circle, ellipse and
= 2[2 2 − 0] parabola from a standard equation.
3

8 2
= ×2 2 ½ LATQs
3
6. Given region {(x, y) : (x2 + y2) ≤ 1 ≤ (x + y)}

32
= sq units ½ or The given region is bounded inside the circle
3

x2 + y2 = 1 and above the line x + y = 1 as shown
Y y2 = 8 x in the figure.
f

X' X
O 2

Y' x= 2

[Marking Scheme, SQP 2020-21]

SATQs-II
1
4 6 2 
3 ∫0
10. Required Area = 6 − x 2 dx ½ \ Required area of the shaded portion


1 1
= ∫ 1 − x 2 dx − ∫ (1 − x ) dx 1
0 0

1 1
x 1   x2 
=  1 − x 2 + sin −1 x  −  x −  2
2 2  0  2 
0

 1   1 
= 0 + sin −1 (1) − 0 − 0  − 1 − − 0 + 0 
 2   2 

1  π 1  π 1
=   − =  −  sq. units. 1
½ 2  2  2  4 2
 
 

4 6 2 [Marking Scheme SQP 2020-21] (Modified)
3 ∫0
= 6 − x 2 dx 1

SOLUTIONS FOR PRACTICE QUESTIONS (COMPETENCY BASED)
[A] MCQs ⇒ y2 = 1 − x2
4. Option (B) is correct. y = 1 − x2
2 2
Explanation: We have, x + y = 1, which is a circle
having centre at (0, 0) and radius ‘1’ unit.
Applications of the Integrals

5. Option (A) is correct.

Explanation:

From the figure, area of the shaded region,
1
1
= 44 ∫∫ 112 −
2 2
A=
A − xx 2 dx
dx
0
0
1
 x 2 1122 −1 x 1
= x 2 x
= 44  2 112 − − xx 2 ++ 2 sinsin −1 1 
 2 2 1  00 From the figure, area of the shaded region,
 2
112 π  3
= π 0 − 0 
= 44 00 + + 2 × ×2− − 0 − 0 A = ∫ ( x + 1) dx
 2 2 
  2
= π sq.
= π sq. units units 3
 x2 
=  + x
 2  2
 9 4 
=  +3 − − 2 
2 2 
7
= sq. units
2

REFLECTION
(a) Will you be able to find the area of different figures bounded by curves ?
(b) Proper drawing of given figure help to find the area easily.


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Foundation Skills For Sciences Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)

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(CLASSES XI – XII)

Retail InformationTechnology Web Application Automotive

Financial Markets Management Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking Marketing

Health Care Insurance Horticulture Typography & Comp.

Application

Geospatial Technology Electrical Technology Electronic Technology Multi-Media

 Taxation Cost Accounting Office Procedures & Shorthand (English)
Practices

Shorthand (Hindi) Air-Conditioning & Medical Diagnostics Textile Design

Refrigeration

Salesmanship Business Food Nutrition &

Design
Administration Dietetics

Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
Science

Yoga Early Childhood Care & Artificial Intelligence Data Science

Education

Physical Activity Land Transportation Electronics & Design Thinking &

Trainer(new) Associate (NEW) Hardware (NEW) Innovation (NEW)
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Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

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Class 12 (Commerce) Kindergarten Artifical intelligence

 Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary
Groups IX & X

Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

Hindi-B
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IT Code-402

Senior Secondary Groups XI & XII

Physics Chemistry English

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Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

IP
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Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

IIT/NEET
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Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum) JEE/NEET

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Kindergarten Class 1 Class 2

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 (Sci)

Class 11 (Com) Class 11 (Hum) Class 12 (Sci)

Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum)