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Exam Revision Guide

The document is an exam revision guide covering key programming concepts such as conditional statements, algorithms, test plans, loops, subroutines, arrays, and error identification. It also includes sections on spreadsheet functions and computer systems, detailing application and system software, as well as binary to denary conversion methods. Each section provides examples to illustrate the concepts effectively.

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20 views4 pages

Exam Revision Guide

The document is an exam revision guide covering key programming concepts such as conditional statements, algorithms, test plans, loops, subroutines, arrays, and error identification. It also includes sections on spreadsheet functions and computer systems, detailing application and system software, as well as binary to denary conversion methods. Each section provides examples to illustrate the concepts effectively.

Uploaded by

srisaioffcial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exam Revision Guide

Programming

1. If Conditional Statements Using Logical Operators

- If-else statement: Used for decision-making.


- Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT.
- AND: All conditions must be true.
- OR: At least one condition must be true.
- NOT: Reverses the condition.

Example in Python:
x = 10
y=5
if x > 5 and y < 10: # Both conditions must be true
print("Both conditions are true")
elif x > 5 or y > 10: # At least one condition must be true
print("One condition is true")
else:
print("Conditions are false")

2. Algorithms Using Pseudocode and Flowcharts

- Pseudocode: A plain English representation of logic.


- Flowchart: A visual representation using shapes (e.g., ovals for start/end, rectangles for
processes, diamonds for decisions).

Example: Find if a number is even or odd (Pseudocode):


1. Start
2. Input number
3. If number % 2 == 0, print "Even"
4. Else, print "Odd"
5. End

3. Create Test Plan and Test Data

- Test Plan: A structured document specifying what to test.


- Test Data: Example inputs to verify the program.
Example Test Plan for Even/Odd Checker:
| Test Case | Input | Expected Output |
|-----------|-------|-----------------|
|1 | 4 | Even |
|2 | 7 | Odd |
|3 | 0 | Even |

4. Iteration (Loops)

- Used to repeat code.


- Types:
- for: Known number of iterations.
- while: Runs until a condition is false.

Example:
# For loop
for i in range(5): # Runs 5 times
print("Hello")

# While loop
count = 3
while count > 0:
print(count)
count -= 1

5. Pre-defined Subroutines

- Functions provided by programming languages.


Example: print(), len(), max(), min(), etc.

Example:
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
print("Max value:", max(numbers))

6. Arrays

- A data structure that holds multiple values.

Example:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0]) # Outputs: apple

7. Identify a Range of Errors

- Syntax Errors: Mistakes in the code's grammar (e.g., missing colon).


- Logic Errors: Code runs but gives the wrong result.
- Runtime Errors: Errors during execution (e.g., dividing by zero).

Spreadsheet

1. Conditional Formatting

- Changes cell appearance based on conditions.


Example: Highlight cells with values > 50.

2. Excel Basic Functions

- SUM: Adds numbers (=SUM(A1:A5))


- AVERAGE: Finds the mean (=AVERAGE(A1:A5))
- MIN, MAX: Finds smallest and largest values (=MIN(A1:A5), =MAX(A1:A5))
- COUNT: Counts numeric cells (=COUNT(A1:A5))
- COUNTA: Counts all non-empty cells (=COUNTA(A1:A5))
- IF: Conditional calculation (=IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail"))
- TODAY: Returns today’s date (=TODAY())
- ROUND: Rounds numbers (=ROUND(A1, 2))

Computer Systems

1. Application and System Software

- Application Software: For specific tasks (e.g., MS Word).


- System Software: For operating system functionality (e.g., drivers).

2. Purpose of Operating System and Utility Software

- OS: Manages hardware/software (e.g., Windows, Linux).


- Utility Software: Performs maintenance tasks (e.g., antivirus, file management).
Binary-Denary Conversion

1. Binary to Denary

- Binary is base 2. Denary is base 10.

Example: Convert 1010 to denary:


1 × 2^3 + 0 × 2^2 + 1 × 2^1 + 0 × 2^0 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10

2. Denary to Binary

- Divide the number by 2, record remainders.

Example: Convert 10 to binary:


10 ÷ 2 = 5 R0
5 ÷ 2 = 2 R1
2 ÷ 2 = 1 R0
1 ÷ 2 = 0 R1

Answer: 1010

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