Scribd
Upload
6 views14 pages

[Week 1-3] Programming Basics - 복사본

The document provides a detailed explanation of a simple C program that prints 'Hello, World!' to the screen. It covers key concepts such as the main function, comments, the use of the #include directive, output statements, escape sequences, and the role of the linker in creating executable programs. Additionally, it includes variations of the program and a follow-up question for further practice.

Uploaded by

gusxo01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views14 pages

[Week 1-3] Programming Basics - 복사본

The document provides a detailed explanation of a simple C program that prints 'Hello, World!' to the screen. It covers key concepts such as the main function, comments, the use of the #include directive, output statements, escape sequences, and the role of the linker in creating executable programs. Additionally, it includes variations of the program and a follow-up question for further practice.

Uploaded by

gusxo01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

A Simple C Program

Hello, World!
How a program works
A Simple C Program : Printing a Line of Text

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 This simple program will print out "Hello World!" on the screen.
 Contents inside of the figure of bottom-right corner is the output of the program.
A Simple C Program : The Linker and Executables

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 begin with //, indicating that this line is a comment.


 Comments document programs and improve program readability.
 Comments do not cause the computer to perform any action when the program is run.
 Comments are ignored by the C compiler and do not cause any machine-language object code to be
generated.
 Multi-line comments in which everything from /* on the first line to */ at the end of the last line is a
comment.
A Simple C Program : #include

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 #include <stdio.h> is a directive to the C preprocessor.


 Lines beginning with # are processed by the preprocessor before compilation.
 This line tells the preprocessor to include the contents of the standard input/output header
(<stdio.h>) in the program.
 This header contains information used by the compiler when compiling calls to standard input/output
library functions such as printf.
A Simple C Program : The main function

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 The parentheses after main indicate that main is a program building block called a function.
 C programs contain one or more functions, one of which must be main.
 Every program in C begins executing at the function main.
 The keyword int to the left of main indicates that main "returns" an integer (whole number) value.
 Functions also can receive information when they’re called upon to execute.
 The void in parentheses here means that main does not receive any information.
A Simple C Program : The main function

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 A left brace, {, begins the body of every function


 A corresponding right brace, }, ends each function
 This pair of braces and the portion of the program between the braces is called a block.
A Simple C Program : An Output Statement

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 An output statement instructs the computer to perform an action, namely, to print on the screen the
string of characters marked by the quotation marks.
 The entire line, including the printf function, its argument within the parentheses and the semicolon
(;), is called a statement.
 Every statement must end with a semicolon (also known as the statement terminator).
A Simple C Program : Escape Sequences

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 Notice that the characters \n were not printed on the screen.


 The backslash (\) is called an escape character -- printf is supposed to do something out of the ordinary.
 When encountering a backslash in a string, the compiler looks ahead at the next character and combines it
with the backslash to form an escape sequence.
 The escape sequence \n means newline -- when a newline appears in the string output by a printf, the
newline causes the cursor to position to the beginning of the next line on the screen.
A Simple C Program : Escape Sequences

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 Because the backslash has special meaning in a string, i.e., the compiler recognizes it as an escape
character, we use a double backslash (\\) to place a single backslash in a string.
 Printing a double quote also presents a problem because double quotes mark the boundaries of a
string—such quotes are not printed.
A Simple C Program : Escape Sequences

// Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h>

/* function main begins program execution


there must be only one main function in your program! */
int main( void ) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
Hello, World!⤶
}

 Notice that the characters \n were not printed on the screen.


 The backslash (\) is called an escape character -- printf is supposed to do something out of the ordinary.
 When encountering a backslash in a string, the compiler looks ahead at the next character and combines
it with the backslash to form an escape sequence.
 The escape sequence \n means newline -- when a newline appears in the string output by a printf, the
newline causes the cursor to position to the beginning of the next line on the screen.
A Simple C Program : The Linker and Executables

 Standard library functions like printf and scanf are not part of the C programming language.
 When the compiler compiles a printf statement, it merely provides space in the object
program for a “call” to the library function.
 When the linker runs, it locates the library functions and inserts the proper calls to these
library functions in the object program.
 Now the object program is complete and ready to be executed.
- For this reason, the linked program is called an executable.

 If the function name is misspelled, it’s the linker that will spot the error, because it will not be
able to match the name in the C program with the name of any known function in the libraries.
 Variations on our first program
- Variations and some error cases will be shown during the demo.

// Our first program in C // Our first program in C


#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

int main( void ) { int main( void ) {


printf("Hello,"); printf("Hello,\n\nWorld\n!\n");
printf(" World!\n"); return 0;
return 0; }
}

 Follow-up question
- Make a program that prints out the following.

Hello, "Young"!⤶

You might also like