Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page Page No.

Cover Page i

Vission, Mission, Goals, Core Values ii

Table of Contents iii

LESSON 1 OHS Policies and Procedure 1

OHS Policies and Procedures 3

Technical Terms 4

Activity 1.2 Paper and Pencil Test 4

Research and Investigate 8

Video Presentation, Project title/file name, Rubrics 9

LESSON 2 Tools, Equipment and Testing 10

Tools, Equipment and Testing 11

Activity 1.2 Identifying the different tools 14

LESSON 3 Configuration and Computer System and 17

Network Hardware

Configuration and Computer Systems and 17

Network’s Hardware

What is Computer? 19

Types of Computer 19

The 3 Fundamental Elements of the Computer 22

Types of RAM 26

Different Motherboard Components and their 26

functions

Networking Devices, Media, and Connector 29

Creating Ethernet Cable 32

Cable Fabrication Procedures 33

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Activity 1.3 Create your own Ethernet 36

Performance rubrics for creating a cross-over and 27

straight-through Ethernet cables

LESSON 4 Desktop Computer Assembly 38

How to Assemble a Basic Desktop PC 39

Activity 1.4 PC Assembly 42

Rubrics 43

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON 1

OHS Policies and

Procedure

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
 Determine the occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures in a given
scenario; and
 Adhere to OHS policies and procedures to avoid accidents and damage to
computer components.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

OHS Policies and Procedures

Occupational Health and Safety Policy

As a computer teacher in school, you must be aware of how your students behave while
working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a safe method of completing each task.
When working with any electrical device, including personal computers and peripherals, safety
practices should be learned early and followed consistently. This is done to protect not only the
people who work with them, but also the devices themselves. Your Occupational Health and Safety
Policies serve as the foundation for this process.

Personal Safety While Working Along with PC’s

Computer equipment can be hazardous, and if you do not follow proper safety precautions
when working with PCs, you or others may be injured or killed. Before using any computer
equipment, take the following precautions:

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OHS) PROCEDURES

1. Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to reduce your risk of being shocked or
seriously injured in an electrical accident.
2. Do not work on components that are connected to a power source.
3. When a computer is turned on, do not remove expansion cards or other components.
4. When working inside any computer-related equipment, remove all jewelry.
5. Make certain that electronic components and water are not mixed.
6. Screws should not be over tightened.
7. Handle computer components by the edges at all times. 8. To avoid Electro Static
Discharge, wear an anti-static device.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

TECHNICAL TERMS

 Anti-Static – A product that prevents static electricity build-up.

 BIOS – The Basic Input/output System (BIOS) is a chip that controls the computer's
most basic functions and runs a self-test every time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can store data in the absence of power. It's commonly used in
BIOS chips, digital cameras, and digital music storage.
 Graphic tablet – A pen or a puck is used to draw objects. The puck is, technically, a
tablet cursor rather than a mouse.
 Goggles – A large spectacle with shields around the rims to protect the eyes from dust,
bright light, wind, and so on.
 A hard disk drive – is a non-removable disk storage device that can hold billions of
characters of data.
 Hardware- refers to the tangible (touchable) components of a computer system.
Hardware components are further classified into three types:
 Joy Stick - a hand-held control stick that allows a player to move a cursor on a
computer screen or a symbol in a video game.
 LAN Card – Local area network interface card.
 Laptop computer- A small, portable computer, small enough to fit in your lap.
 Local Area Network- The smallest network type consists of PCs connected within a
small area, such as within the same building, floor, or department.
 Mainframe - A powerful multi-user computer that can support hundreds or thousands of
users at the same time.
 Metropolitan Area Network – are a network of no more than 50 miles in length. It is
intended to connect LANs that span a town or city.
 Minicomputer - A multi-user computer that can support hundreds of users at the same
time.
 Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS, Memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, an expansion slot, and all the controllers needed to control standard
peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive.
 Multimedia- is the combination of various forms of communication media (sound, print,
video, and so on).

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

 Multitester - is a device that measures voltage, current, and resistance.

 NIC – Network Interface Card– The PC expansion board that plugs into a personal
computer or server and collaborates with the network operating system to control the
flow of data across the network.
 Network – is a network that connects two or more computers.
 OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
 Operating System (Os) - The software that governs the allocation and use of programs
and data by a computer.
 Passive Hubs– simply connects different cables.
 Personal computer - A microprocessor-based single-user computer.
 Port hub /Port – is a connector found on the back of a computer or other electronic
device. A port can be either a serial or a parallel port.
 Peers- Any computer that shares the same protocol layer as another computer.
 Protocol – refers to the specific standards that govern the sending and receiving of
data.
 Printer - It is a piece of hardware that generates a paper copy (also known as a
"hardcopy") of the data generated by the computer.
 RAM – Random Access Memory, is a type of primary memory while the computer is
running, this memory is used to store programs and data.
 RJ 45 – is the connector that is plugged into the NIC ports on computers and is
frequently used to connect the main networking hardware.
 Router – a device that routes data packets between Local Area Network and Wide Area
Network groups.
 Scanner- It is an input device that reads text or illustrations printed on paper and
converts the information into a computer-readable format.
 Server – is a component of a network It is a specialized computer that network users
can evaluate for the performance of a specific task.
 Software – The programs and data that a computer employs.
 Software applications- allows you to perform specific tasks such as problem solving,
work, or entertainment.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

 Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio Devices – A Control Panel applet in
Windows XP, called Sounds and Multimedia in Windows 2000, for configuring the
system's sound card.
 Static – Electricity discharge between two objects with different electrical potentials.
 Sub-notebook computer - A portable computer that is smaller and lighter than a full-
sized notebook computer. Sub-notebook computers typically have a smaller keyboard
and screen but are otherwise identical to notebook computers.
 USB – Universal Serial Bus, , a low-speed peripheral interface for keyboards, mice,
joysticks, scanners, printers, and telephony devices.
 Video Camera - a videotape camera: a camera that records on videotape.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Name: Rating

Course – Major:

Year Level:

Activity 1.2: Paper and Pencil

Test
General Directions: Read the items very carefully.
Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper.

Test I. True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise
_______1. A safe workplace is one that is clean, well-organized, and well-lit.
_______2. One must unplug the power from the source before opening a case and performing
services.
_______3. It is a best practice that a fire extinguisher and first aid kit be available in the
workplace.
_______4. You are allowed to open the power supply or a monitor.
_______5. You can bring food and drinks inside the laboratory.
_______6. The key to a well-tuned computer system is the proper configuration.
_______7. Boot log stores all information from the boot process.
_______8. The registry is a collection of databases of the configuration of a database of
configuration in the Windows Operating System.
_______9. The shortcut of Microsoft Configuration is Ipconfig.
_______10. Configuration is the way a system is set up.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Test II. Research and Investigate

Directions: Form a group of five people and investigate the various safety precautions used in
a computer laboratory. Interrogate/observe a practitioner while providing quality computer
hardware servicing. Use a video camera to record the event, emphasizing the laboratory's
safety guidelines and procedures. You will be graded using the following rubrics:

Video Documentation of Computer Laboratory Safety Precautions

Criteria Poor (70-75) Good (76-85) Excellent (86- 100)

Content/Information The information For the most part, the The information
(50%) provided was either information provided provided was both
unnecessary or was both necessary necessary and
 Information that is
insufficient for and sufficient for the sufficient for the
technically sound
computer laboratory computer laboratory computer laboratory
 Information safety precautions. safety precautions. safety precautions.
coherence

Quality of Video (30%) It is unclear and/or For the most part, it is The video was well-
 The video's clarity does not present ideas well organized, clear, organized, clear, and
and coherence in a coherent manner. and presents ideas in a presented ideas in a
coherent manner. coherent manner.
 Idea organization
and coherence

Interview on the The questions were not The majority of the All of the questions
practitioner (20%) relevant to the topic questions were relevant were relevant to the
and were poorly to the topic and were topic and were
 Question-to-topic
delivered. delivered clearly. delivered in a clear
correspondence
manner.
 Clarity of questions

Test III. Video Presentation

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Direction: Making use of your knowledge and understanding of the subject. Simulate a specific
scenario in which OHS policies and procedures are used to handle computer components.

PROJECT TITLE/FILE NAME:

(LAST NAME, FIRST NAME)_OHS Practices Install & Configure Computer System

Rubrics:
Subject
• is relevant to the target audience
• provides information on the subject
• is thoroughly discussed
• is enjoyable

Concept Score _______out of 35

Content
• Presents interesting information
• Language is used properly and effectively
• Images and/ or graphics relate well to content
• Student behave professionally on camera
• Student demonstrate thoughtful approach to subject

Content Score ______ out of 40

Technical Aspects
• Camera is stable, smooth movements and pans
• Subject is framed well, images are well composed
• Subject is lit and clearly visible
• Sound is clear and understandable
• Video is edited effectively, flows well
• Transitions are used effectively
• Project was completed in a timely manner
Content Score ______ out of 25

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON 2

Tools, Equipment
and Testing
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
 Prepare the tools, devices, equipment, and materials for computer systems;
and
 Describe the use of the following tools, materials, and equipment.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Tools, Equipment, and Testing

The following tools and equipment are classified according to their functions and uses.
Equipment and Accessories Tools Materials

LAN Card Screwdriver (standard) Software applications

UPS Screwdriver (Philips) Network OS Software

Server Longnose pliers RJ 45

24 port-hub Mechanical pliers UTP Cat 5 cable

Modem Allen wrench Motherboard’s manual and

installer
Fax machine Multitester
Sound device driver installer
PC Video camera Crimping tools Soldering iron
(30 watts)
USB External CD writer
Wire stripper
USB scanner
LAN Tester
USB printers
Anti-static wrist wrap
USB Flash Drive
Device drivers/installers

 LAN Card – A network interface card (NIC) is a device that allows you to
connect to the internet. A computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer to
allow it to connect to a network.

 Server – is a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the
network can assess to carry out a particular job.

 Port hub /Port – is a connector found on the back of a

computer or other electronic device. A port can be either a
serial or a parallel port.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) A modem is a device that allows one computer to

share data with another, or a device that allows computers to exchange information.

 USB – A hardware interface for low-speed peripherals such as keyboards, mice,

joysticks, scanners, printers, and telephony devices.

 Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten

screws with negative slotted threads.

 Printer - It is a piece of hardware that

generates a paper copy (also known as a
"hardcopy") of the information generated by a computer.

 RAM – Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of primary

memory. While the computer is running, this memory is used to store programs and
data.
 BIOS – The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is a chip that controls the computer's
most basic functions and runs a self-test every time you turn it on.

 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical

power. It is widely used for BIOS chips and digital cameras and
digital music storage.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

 Video Camera - camera using videotape: a camera that records onto

videotape

 Longnose Pliers – is used for holding, bending, and

stretching the lead of an electronics component or connecting wire.
 Soldering Iron – is used to join two or more metal conductors with the
support of soldering lead melted around it.

 Desoldering Tool – is used to unsoldering unwanted parts or

component in the circuit with the support of a
soldering pencil

 Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten

positive slotted screws

 Multitester- is an instrument used to measure

voltage, current, and resistance.

 RJ 45 – is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on

computers and often connecting the main networking
hardware.

 UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a popular type of cable

used in computer networking that consists of two shielded
wires twisted around each other.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

 Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, expansion slot, and all the controllers required to control standard
peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive.

 Software applications Software - is the programs and data that a computer uses.

 Network OS Software Network-are multiple computers linked together to make

simultaneous information sharing and exchange by multiple users.

 Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio Devices – A windows XP Control
Panel applet, called Sounds, and Multimedia in Windows 2000, for configuring the
system’s sound card.

Name: Rating

Course – Major:

Year Level:

Activity 1.2: Identifying the different

tools
Directions:
A. Identify the following tools, and materials and give their uses. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.
1.

2.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

3.

4.

5.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

___________1. It is a connector at the back of a computer or other device.
___________2. A computer circuit board is installed in a computer so that it can be
connected to a network.
___________3. A device that allows a given computer to share data.
___________4. An input device that reads text or illustration printed on paper, translated
the information into a form that a computer that can use.
___________5. The least expensive and most popular network media.
C. Enumerate the occupational health & safety (OHS) procedures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

6.
7.
8.
D. Situation Analysis
Directions: Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program.
You are tasked to clean a computer system. List the necessary tools, devices and materials
you needed. Elaborate the step by step process in performing the task. Attach a picture for
documentation. Write your answers in the box provided below.

Needed Tools and Procedure

Materials

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON 3

Configuration and
Computer
System and Network

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
 Create cross-over and straight-through cables.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Configuration and Computer Systems and Network’s Hardware

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

What is Computer?

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form

of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a
program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be
processed.

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of computers are offering
different services. Computers can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a
laptop or a microcontroller in systems. The four basic types of computers are:
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Microcomputer

1. Supercomputer
The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data
processing are the supercomputers. These are specialized and task-
specific computers used by large organizations. These computers are
used for research and exploration purposes like NASA uses
supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them, and for
space exploration purposes.

Uses of Supercomputer
In Pakistan and other countries, Supercomputers are used by Educational Institutes like
NUST (Pakistan) for research purposes. Pakistan Atomic Energy commission & Heavy Industry
Taxila uses supercomputers for Research purposes.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Space Exploration
Supercomputers are used to study the origin of the universe, the dark-matters. For these
studies, scientists use IBM’s powerful supercomputer “Roadrunner” at National Laboratory Los
Alamos.

Earthquake studies
Supercomputers are used to study the Earthquake phenomenon. Besides that,
supercomputers are used for natural resources exploration, like natural gas, petroleum, coal,
etc.

Weather Forecasting
Supercomputers are used for weather forecasting, and to study the nature and extent of
Hurricanes, Rainfalls, windstorms, etc.

Nuclear weapons testing

Supercomputers are used to run weapon simulations that can test the Range, accuracy
& impact of Nuclear weapons.

Popular Supercomputers
• IBM’s Sequoia, in the United States
• Fujitsu’s K Computer in Japan
• IBM’s Mira in the United States
• IBM’s SuperMUC in Germany
• NUDT Tianhe-1A in China

2. Mainframe computer
Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, certainly they are quite
expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations use Mainframes to
run their business operations. The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-
conditioned rooms because of their size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with
large data storage capacity, Mainframes can also process & store a large amount of data.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data
about their customers, students & insurance policyholders.
Popular Mainframe computers
• Fujitsu’s ICL VME
• Hitachi’s Z800

3. Minicomputer
Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called
“Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with
not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes. These
computers are not designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or
organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes. For example, a production
department can use Mini-computers for monitoring the certain production process.
Popular Minicomputers
• K-202
• Texas Instrument TI-990
• SDS-92
• IBM Midrange computers

4. Microcomputer
Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistants
(PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of microcomputers.
Micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing
computers. These computers are the cheapest among the other
three types of computers. The Micro-computers are specially
designed for general usages like entertainment, education and
work purposes. Well-known manufacturers of Micro-computer are
Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba. Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound &
Navigation systems of a car, Netbooks, Notebooks, PDA’s, Tablet PCs, Smartphones,
Calculators are all types of Microcomputers.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE COMPUTER

•System Unit> acts like the center or core, processing the data
and information it receives from input devices.
• Input Devices>An input device is any hardware device that
sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact
with and control the computer.
• Output Devices>these are the devices like printers. It
receives the system unit's processed information.

Input Devices
The most commonly used or primary input
devices on a computer are the keyboard and mouse.
However, dozens of other devices can also be used to
input data into the computer.

Output Device
Is any peripheral that receives data
from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction.

Basic Parts of the System Unit

1. System Case
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. Power Supply
5. Hard disk

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

6. CDROM drive
7. Expansion Slot

1. System Case
A computer case is also known as a computer chassis, tower,
system unit, cabinet, base unit or simply case and sometimes
incorrectly referred to as the "CPU" or "hard drive", is the enclosure
that contains most of the components of a computer.

Two Types of System Case

1. Tower (Full, Mid, Mini) – designed to sit vertically
2. Desktop (Standard, Slimline) – designed to sit vertically

2. Motherboard
A Motherboard (sometimes alternatively known
as the mainboard, system board, planar board, or
logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB)
found in computers and other expandable systems. It
holds and allows communication between many of the
crucial electronic components of a system such as the
central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and
provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard contains
significant sub-systems such as the processor and other components.

3. CPU
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry
within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer
program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control, and
input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The
term has been used in the computer industry at least since the
early 1960s. Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a processor,
more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU),

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main
memory and I/O circuitry.
Machine language – 1 0 1 0

4. Power Supply (Wattage)

A power supply is an electronic device that supplies
electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a
power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to
another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes
referred to as electric power converters. Some power
supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others
are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples
of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics
devices.
5. Hard Disk (Storage Capacity - Gigabytes (Gb))
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk] is
a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital
information using one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks
(platters) coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired
with magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm, which
read and write data to the platter surfaces.] Data is accessed in a
random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can
be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially. HDDs
retain stored data even when powered off.
TWO TYPES OF Hard disk
3. SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
4. IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

6. CD-ROM (Capability CDROM/CDRW/DVDROM/DVDRW)

A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains
data. The name is an acronym that stands for "Compact Disc
Read-Only Memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot
write to CD-ROMs that are not writable or erasable. CD-
Compact Disk (700MB) DVD-Digital Versatile Disk (4.7 Gb)

Expansion Slot
The expansion slot (also expansion board, adapter card, or accessory card) in
computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or
expansion slot on a computer motherboard, backplane, or riser card to add functionality to
a computer system via the expansion bus.
This is where you install the video card, sound card, LAN card,

RAM –
Random Access Memory Temporary form of
storage, it holds the programs/ data while the
computer is running.

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TYPES OF RAM
1. SIM – Single Inline Memory module *It contains 1 notch

2. DIMM – Dual Inline Memory module *It contains 2

notches

3. DDR – Dual Data Rate (found on the latest computer) DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4

What are the Different Motherboard Components and Their Functions?

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MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports

Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display
ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports, etc. See the image below for a
close-up view.

2. PCI Slots PCI:

Peripheral Component Interconnect Slot for older expansion cards such as sound
cards, network cards, connector cards. See the image below for a close-up view. Have
been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots (see motherboard parts #3 below).
3. PCI Express x1 Slots
Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA), and certain low-end graphics
cards. See the image below for a close-up view.
4. PCI Express x16 Slot
Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid-state
drives. See the image below for a close-up view.
5. Northbridge
Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH). The chipset allows the CPU to
communicate with the RAM and graphics card. Beginning from Intel Sandy Bridge in
2011, this motherboard component is no longer present as it has been integrated within
the CPU itself.
6. ATX 12V Power Connector
Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the CPU.

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Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors

Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a computer case. See the image above
for a close-up view.
9. Front Panel Connectors
Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED, hard drive LED, and front
audio ports of a computer case. See the image above for a close-up view.
10. IDE Connector
Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. See the image
above for a close-up view. Have been replaced over by SATA connectors (see
motherboard component #13 below)
11. CMOS Battery
Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real-time clock running. See the
image above for a close-up view. Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor
(CMOS) The CMOS battery found on most motherboards is the CR2032 lithium coin
cell.
12. Southbridge
Also known as the Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH). The chipset that allows the CPU
to communicate with PCI slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion cards), SATA
connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports, and
onboard audio.
13. SATA Connectors

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MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid-state drives, and optical drives for data
transfer. See the image above for a closeup view.
14. Fan Headers
Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer case fans. See the image
above for a close-up view.
15. RAM Slots Insert
RAM here. To learn how to install RAM,
16. ATX Power Connector
Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power
to the motherboard.
17. mSATA Connector
Connects to a mSATA solid-state drive. In most cases, this SSD is used as a cache to
speed up hard disk drives, but it's possible to re-purpose it as a regular hard drive.

18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector

Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of the computer case. 19. Power & Reset
Button Onboard button to turn on, turn off and reboot the computer.

Networking Devices, Media, and Connector

Network designers use specialized network devices such as hubs, switches,
routers, and wireless access points to send data between devices to make data transmission
more extensible and efficient than a simple peer-to-peer network. You have already discussed
the various networking devices in your Grade 9 CHS class, which provides you with
knowledge on the common networking cables that are required when setting up a network.

Common Network Cables

Until recently, cables were the only way to connect network devices. There is a wide
range of networking cables available. Copper is used to transmit data in coaxial and twisted-pair
cables. To transmit data, fiber-optic cables use glass or plastic. The bandwidth, size, and cost of
these cables vary. Based on the job requirements, you must know what type of cable to use.
You must also be able to troubleshoot and repair issues as they arise.

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GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Twisted Pair
Twisted pair is a type of copper cabling that is used for telephone communications as well as
the majority of Ethernet networks. A circuit that transmits data is formed by a pair of
wires. The pair is twisted to prevent crosstalk, which is noise caused
by adjacent pairs of wires in the cable. Copper wire pairs
are twisted together and encased in color-coded plastic insulation. The bundles of
twisted pairs are shielded by an outer jacket.

When electricity flows through a copper wire, it creates a magnetic field around it. A circuit has
two wires, and the two wires in a circuit have oppositely charged magnetic fields. The
magnetic fields cancel each other out when the circuit's two wires are adjacent to each other.
This is known as the cancellation.

The two basic types of twisted-pair cables are as follows:

 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a cable with two or four pairs of wires This cable is solely
based on the cancellation effect produced by the twisted-wire pairs, which limits signal
degradation caused by electromagnetic interface (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI).
UTP cabling is the most common type of network cabling. The range of UTP cables is 328 feet
(100 m).
 With shielded twisted pair (STP), to better shield the wires from noise, each pair of wires is
wrapped in metallic foil. The wires are then wrapped in a metallic braid or foil in four pairs. STP
dampens electrical noise generated within the cable. It also reduces EMI and RFI from the
cable's surroundings. Although STP prevents interference better than UTP, the extra shielding
makes STP more expensive. Because of its thickness, it is also more difficult to install.
Furthermore, both ends of the metallic shielding must be
grounded. If the shield is not properly grounded, it acts as
an antenna, picking up unwanted signals.

Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is a copper-cored cable that is heavily shielded. To connect the computers
to the rest of the network, a coaxial cable is used.

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GRADUATE SCHOOL
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MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

To connect coaxial cables, "British Naval Connectors (BNC)" or "Bayonet

NeillConcelman" connectors are used at the ends of the cables. There are several types of
coaxial cable:
 Thicknet (10BASE5) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps, with a
maximum length of 500 meters.
 Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps, with a
maximum length of 185 meters.
 RG-59 is most commonly used for cable television in the U.S.
 RG-6 is a higher-quality cable than RG-59, with more bandwidth and less susceptibility to
interference.

Fiber-Optic Cable
An optical fiber is a glass or plastic conductor that uses
light to transmit data. A sheath or jacket surrounds one
or more optical fibers in a fiber optic cable. Fiber-optic
cable is not affected by EMI or RFI because it is made
of glass. To enter the cable, all signals are converted to
light pulses, and when they exit, they are converted
back to electrical signals. This means that fiber-optic
cable can deliver clearer signals and travel further
without compromising signal clarity.

Fiber- Before the signal needs to be regenerated, fiber optic cable can reach distances of
several miles or kilometers. Fiber-optic cable is typically more expensive to use than
copper cable, and the connectors are more expensive and more difficult to assemble.
SC, ST, and LC connectors are commonly used in fiber-optic networks. These three
fiber-optic connectors are half-duplex, which means that data can only flow in one
direction. As a result, two cables are required.

Creating Ethernet Cable

For many years, Ethernet cabling has been the industry standard in networking
installation. It is the most efficient method of connecting a PC to a peer, your router, or a

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

central switch. This section of the module will return you to the procedures for making an
Ethernet cable, specifically straight-through and cross-over cables. As you progress through
the lesson, try to recall the procedures.

Fabricating an Ethernet Cross-over and Straight-through Cable

To transfer data in an Ethernet networking environment, such as a home or office with

multiple wired PCs, the computers must be connected to a central router. The router receives
all of the bits sent out by the computers and relays them to the other network devices.
In a local area network, a straight-through Ethernet cable connects a PC to a network
hub and router. This is the standard cable that is used for almost all applications.
A cross-over cable, on the other hand, can connect two network devices directly without
the use of a router in the middle. It simply flips some of the pins so that the output of one
computer is routed to the input of another.
Keep in mind that safety precautions must always be taken and followed during the
fabrication of the aforementioned cables. In addition, materials and tools must always be
complete and functional in order to save time, money, and effort.
The materials and tools used to make Ethernet cables are as follows:
✓ Ethernet Cable Category 5e or Cat5e- standard wire for cabling;
✓ RJ45 crimpable connectors for Cat5e;
✓ RJ45 Crimping tool;
✓ Wirecutter, stripper or pliers; and
✓Ethernet cable tester.

Cable Fabrication Procedures

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

The diagram below will guide you through the process of making the two important Ethernet
cables.

1. 1 inch from the end of the cut cable, cut into the plastic sheath. The crimping tool has a
razor blade that, with practice, will do the job.

2. Unwind by combining colors that are similar.

3. Pinch the wires together and straighten them out as shown. To do this correctly, the color
order is critical.

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Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

4. Make a straight cut across the wires 1/2 inch from the cut sleeve to the end of the wires with
a wire cutter.
5. Connect the wires to the connector. Each wire is inserted into a corresponding slot on the
RJ45 connector. Take note of the blue plastic shielding's position. Take note of how the
wires extend all the way to the end.

6. Take a look at the view from the top. Check that the wires are all the way in. There should
not be any exposed wires.

7. Crimping the Cable – Insert the connector carefully into the Ethernet Crimper and tighten
the handles. The connector's copper splicing tabs will pierce each of the eight wires. A
locking tab secures the blue plastic sleeve in place for a tight compression fit. When you
take the cable out of the crimper, the end is ready to use.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

8. Repeat all steps and wire color order on the other end of the cable for a standard "Straight-
Through" cable. The other end of a cross-over cable will have a different color order, as
shown in the crossover picture on page 84.

9. Before installing the cables, make sure to test them. This is easily accomplished with a low-
cost Ethernet cable tester.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Name: Rating

Course – Major:

Year Level:

Activity 1.3: Create your own Ethernet

Cable
Directions: In order to make your cross-over and straight-through cables, gather the following tools
and materials.
Materials:
✓ 6 meters Ethernet Cable Category 5e or Cat5e-standard wire for cabling;
✓ RJ45 crimpable connectors for Cat5e;
Tools:
✓ RJ45 Crimping tool;
✓Wirecutter, stripper or pliers; and
✓Ethernet cable Tester / LAN Tester
Reminder / Caution: Be careful when using the tools.
To avoid injury or an unwelcome incident, follow the safety precautions. You will have 30
minutes to finish the task. The performance rubrics on the following page will be used to grade
you.

Performance Rubrics for

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

Creating a Cross-Over and Straight-Through Ethernet Cables

CRITERIA Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Poor (1)

Safety Procedures
(15%)
- While working, I
used/exhibited
safety precautions.

Adherence to the
Procedures (30%)
- I meticulously
followed the
procedures.

Workmanship (15%)
- While completing
the task, the
materials and tools
are organized, and
time management is
used.

Quality of Product
(40%)
- created a fully
functional Ethernet
cable

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON 4

Desktop Computer
Assembly

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
 Build a Desktop Computer

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

How to Assemble a Basic Desktop PC

1. Install the processor in the CPU socket by following the correct alignment of the processor
in its place and also the CPU fan. Use thermal compound/paste if necessary.

2. Install the RAM/memory card to its module by aligning it to its notch.

3. Remove the system/computer case's side cover.

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
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MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

4. Install the motherboard inside the PC case, making sure it is aligned in the stand-offs where
the motherboard is screwed. Use the appropriate screw size.

5. Screw the VGA card into the video card slot and the LAN card into the PCI slot if you have
them.

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

6. Install the SATA/IDE Hard Disk Drive inside the case and connect it to the motherboard.

7. Connect the CD/DVD ROM/RW (SATA/IDE) to the motherboard after installing it inside the
case.

8. Connect the front-panel LEDs to the motherboard (Power/Reset button, HDD LED, front
USB port).

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

9. Install the Power Supply Unit, then connect the 20/24 pins and 4 pins on the motherboard,
as well as the power connections for the HDD, DVD, and Floppy Drive if you have them.

10. Connect the system unit to the peripherals (Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, and AVR/UPS).
Put it through its paces.

Name: Rating

Course – Major:

Year Level:

Activity 1.4: PC
Assembly
Directions: Students will be expected to demonstrate competence in the
following areas:
1. PC disassembly
2. PC parts identification

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Kabacan, Cotabato
MASTER of ARTS IN TEACHING INDUSTRIAL ARTS

3. PC assembly
Rubrics:
CRITERIA Needs Good Very Good Score
Improvement

2 6 pts 10 pts 10 pts

The student was The majority of the All components of

unable to remove components on a a computer were Score
Remove PC any components student's computer successfully
components from their computer were successfully removed by a
with success. removed. student.

The student Five components The student

correctly from a correctly identified
Identify identified/described disassembled PC and described all
Components less than three were correctly components of the Score
components from a identified and disassembled PC.
disassembled PC. described by the
student.
The student was The student The student
unable to properly correctly correctly
install any assembled the assembled all of
components into the majority of the the components in Score
Assembly of PC
PC. components in the the PC.
PC.

The student was The majority of the All peripherals

unable to correctly peripherals were were correctly Score
Back Panel Ports describe and install correctly described described and
any peripherals. and installed by the installed by the
student. student.
TOTAL SCORE
40 pts Needs Improvement Good Very Good Score

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