3.

1 MEANING OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a critical aspect of any research endeavor. It provides a structured and
scientific approach to conducting research, ensuring that the findings are valid, reliable, and can
be generalized to a larger population.

Definition:

Research methodology is the systematic process of collecting, analysing, and interpreting data
to answer a research question or test a hypothesis. It involves the selection of appropriate
research methods, techniques, and tools to ensure that the research is conducted in a rigorous
and objective manner.

Importance:

Research methodology is important for several reasons:

 Provides a framework for conducting research: It provides a step-by-step guide for

conducting research, from formulating a research question to drawing conclusions.
 Ensures the validity and reliability of research findings: By using appropriate research
methods and techniques, researchers can ensure that their findings are accurate and reliable.
 Allows for the replication of research: A well-defined research methodology allows other
researchers to replicate the study and verify the findings.
 Contributes to the body of knowledge: Research findings can contribute to the existing body
of knowledge in a particular field.

Types of Research Methodology:

There are various types of research methodologies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
The choice of research methodology depends on the research question, the nature of the data,
and the resources available. Some common types of research methodologies include:

 Qualitative research: This type of research focuses on exploring and understanding

complex social phenomena through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and
observations.
 Quantitative research: This type of research focuses on measuring and quantifying social
phenomena through methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
 Mixed methods research: This type of research combines both qualitative and quantitative
methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.

Components of Research Methodology:

A typical research methodology includes the following components:

 Research design: This refers to the overall strategy for conducting the research, including
the type of research, the data collection methods, and the data analysis techniques.
 Data collection: This involves the process of gathering data from various sources, such as
surveys, interviews, experiments, and observations.
 Data analysis: This involves the process of analysing the collected data to answer the
research question or test the hypothesis.
 Ethical considerations: This involves ensuring that the research is conducted in an ethical
manner, protecting the rights and privacy of the participants.

Conclusion:

Research methodology is an essential tool for conducting research. It provides a structured and
scientific approach to research, ensuring that the findings are valid, reliable, and can be
generalized to a larger population. By understanding the different types of research
methodologies and their components, researchers can choose the most appropriate approach for
their research and contribute to the body of knowledge in their field.

3.2 RESEARCH GAP

Luck of studies on consumer buying behaviour towards big basket in mehsana district

3.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The issue with the Big container is that the clients are not happy with the items and having
distinctive protestations like:

1. Delivery isn't in time.

2. No quality item.

3. Unprofessional practices.

4. Automatic cancelation of items.

5. Delivery of lapsed items.

Thusly this issue should be comprehended at the earliest opportunity so the clients are happy
with their items and the request of the Big bushel rises. This issue can be comprehended by
enhancing their item quality, the conveyance individual, moment checking of the expiry date of
the items and so on.
3.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

 To know about various factors which consumer considered for online shopping in Big
basket.
 To determine which feature of Big basket website attracts customer or not.
 To know about customer are positively affected by online grocery shopping on Big
basket.
 To know about the attributes that a customer look for in the Big basket online groceries
ordering.

3.5 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

 To find out satisfaction level of existing customers

 To identified issue faced by user by online shopping
 To find out the reasons of dissatisfaction of customers via feedback obtained
 To find the expectation of customers from a retailer

3.6 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for studying consumer buying behavior towards Big Basket will use a
quantitative approach through online surveys targeting consumers. The survey will gather data
on factors like price, product quality, and app experience. Statistical analysis will be used to
identify trends and correlations between consumer demographics and purchasing behavior.

Descriptive research design focuses on the 'what' element of the research. It includes 3 methods-
Observations Method, Case Study Method and Survey Method. In this research project, Survey
Method was used for collecting data. To conduct survey of population under study,
questionnaire containing closed ended questions was used. The data collected was used to do
Descriptive Analysis and Statistical Analysis.

The research design is a quantitative research project that is being conducted by

distributing questionnaires to targeted research samples. To analyse and interpret the
data, SPSS is being used, which is helping in examining the data collected and determining
the results.
3.7 SAMPLING DESIGN

3.7.1 POPULATION
According to the 2011 Census of India, the population of Mehsana and Patan districts in
Gujarat, India, are as follows:
 Mehsana District: 2,035,064

3.7.2 SAMPLING AREA

The sample (respondents) were taken from Mehsana District.
The survey targeted people is both Men and Women at the age group of [18-60].

3.7.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

In Statistics, the sampling method or sampling technique is the process of studying the
population by gathering information and analyzing that data. It is the basis of the data where the
sample space is enormous.
Sampling technique is the name or other identifications of the specific process by which the
entities of the sample have been selected.
There are 2 types of sampling techniques.

1. Probability sampling

Probability sampling means that every member of the population has a chance of being selected.
It is mainly used in quantitative research. If you want to produce results that are representative
of the whole population, probability sampling techniques are the most valid choice.

2. Nonprobability sampling

In a non-probability sample, individuals are selected based on non-random criteria, and not
every individual has a chance of being included.

This type of sample is easier and cheaper to access, but it has a higher risk of sampling bias.
That means the inferences you can make about the population are weaker than with probability
samples, and your conclusions may be more limited. If you use a non-probability sample, you
should still aim to make it as representative of the population as possible.

 Convenience sampling:
 In convenience sampling, individuals are recruited directly from the population
based on the accessibility and proximity to the researcher. It is a simple, inexpensive,
and practical method of sample selection, yet convenience sampling suffers from
both sampling and selection bias due to a lack of appropriate population
representation.

3.7.4 SAMPLE SIZE

Sample size used for the study is 200. Online survey was carried out using a structured
questionnaire using Google forms among big basket users around the Mehsana district.

3.8 DATA COLLECTION

1) Primary Data:

Primary data refers to information collected firsthand by the researcher specifically for this
study. These data are original, pure, and therefore more reliable. In this project, primary data on
Big Basket is gathered using the questionnaire method to analyze customer preferences,
satisfaction levels, and market trends.

2) Secondary Data:

Secondary data consists of information previously collected by other sources for different
purposes and is now utilized in this research. These data may be less reliable compared to
primary data, as they might be outdated or influenced by biases. For this project on Big Basket,
secondary data has been collected from various online sources, including Google, company
reports, previous research studies, industry analysis, and market reports. These sources provide
insights into Big Basket market share, production process, consumer trends, and competitive
positioning.

Key Considerations for Data Collection:

 Sample Size: How many consumers do you need to survey or interview to get reliable
results?
  Sampling Method: How will you select participants to ensure your sample is
representative of Big Basket's customer base?
 Data Analysis: What statistical methods will you use to analyze your data (e.g.,
descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis)

3.9 SOURCES OF DATA

3.9.1 PRIMARY DATA
Primary data was collected using survey method (Google Forms) by sending questionnaire to
general public through mails and messages. The questionnaire where carefully considering the
parameters of the study
3.9.2 SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data was collected using google scholar, google websites, magazines, textbooks,
newspapers etc.

3.10 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

Questionnaire including Likert scale, close ended questions like rating scale/ranking scale and
open ended question at the end.

3.11 HYPHOTHESIS

 Big Basket worked on delivering day-to-day necessities to its customers.

 Big Basket delivers dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables with a wide range of
grocery items to the customers.
 Customers choosing Big Basket are satisfied with the quality of products and service
provided by it.
 Big Basket is prioritizing the precautionary measures.

3.12 DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

 Chi-Square Test: To examine relationships between categorical variables (e.g., gender

and preference for big basket users' type).
 T-tests or ANOVA: To compare means of different groups (e.g., comparing the
perception of big basket users between different age groups).
 Excel: Can be used for basic statistical analysis.

 Correlation Analysis:
A correlation is a company that specializes in statistical analysis, particularly in
identifying relationships between variables. These firms provide data-driven insights to
businesses, researchers, and organizations.
a. Measures the strength and direction of relationships between variables.
b. Helps in determining how closely two factors move together (e.g., sales and
advertising spend).