MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.

1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

Chapter-6
Topic-6.1
Double Integrals

What is a double integral?

Recall that a single integral is something of the form
b

 f  x  dx
a

A double integral is something of the form

 f  x, y  dxdy
R

where R is called the region of integration and is a region in the XY plane.

We can evaluate double integrals in two steps:

First evaluate the inner integral, and then plug this solution into the outer integral and
solve that.

Outer Inner
Integral Integral

  f  x, y  dxdy

Note:
1. Limits of Outer Integral are always constant

2. Limits of Inner Integral are constant or function of only one variable (either x or y)

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 401

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

Working Rule to Evaluate Double Integrals

Case 1: Limits of Inner Integral are function of x . That is,
b h2 ( x )

  f  x, y  dxdy
a h1 ( x )

Step (i): First integrate f  x, y  with respect to y (keeping x constant)

Step (ii) : Integrate the result obtained in step (i) with respect to x
Here order of integration is first w.r.t y and then w.r.t. x (YX order)

Note that order of integration is decided by the limits of inner integral and not by dxdy
or dydx
2 x2
For Example: Evaluate   xydxdy
0 0

Solution: Note that upper limit of inner integral is function of x . Therefore, order of
integration is first w.r.t y and then w.r.t. x .

x2 y  x2

I  
x 0 y 0
xydxdy

Place the inner integral in parentheses so you can better see what you’re working with:

 yx 
2
x2
I    xydy  dx
 y 0 
x0  

Now focus on what’s inside the parentheses. For the moment, you can ignore the rest.
Your integration variable is y, so treat the variable x as a constant, moving it outside the
inner integral:

 yx 
2
x2
I   x   ydy  dx

x 0  y 0


x2 x2
 y2 
  x   dx
x 0 
2 0
x2 x2
1 1
  x  x 4  0  dx   x 5 dx
2 x 0 2 x 0
2
1  x6  1 64 16
     26  0   
2  6  0 12 12 3

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MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

Case II: Limits of Inner Integral are function of y . That is,

d k2 ( y )

  f  x, y  dxdy
c k1 ( y )

Step (i): First integrate f  x, y  with respect to x (keeping y constant)

Step (ii) : Integrate the result obtained in step (i) with respect to y

Here order of integration is first w.r.t x and then w.r.t y (XY order)

1 1 y 2
1
For Example: Evaluate  
0 0
1  x  y2 2
dxdy

Solution: Note that upper limit of inner integral is function of y . Therefore, order of
integration is first w.r.t x and then w.r.t. y .

y 1 x  1 y 2
1
I 
y 0

x0
1 x  y2
2
dxdy

Place the inner integral in parentheses so you can better see what you’re working with:

y 1  x  1 y 2 1 
 dy
I   x 0 1  x 2  y 2 
dx
y 0
 

Now focus on what’s inside the parentheses. For the moment, you can ignore the rest. Your
integration variable is x , so treat the variable y as a constant:

y 1  x  1 y 2 1 
 dy
I   x0 1  y 2   x 2 
dx
y 0
 
1 y 2
y 1  1  x   1 1  x 
  
 1  y 2
tan 1 
 1 y2


dy  Using

a 2
x 2
 tan 1   
a  a 
y 0   0
y 1
1   1 y2  
   tan 1 
1  y 2   1 y2
  tan 1 (0)  dy
 
y 0  
y 1 y 1
1  1
   tan 1 1  0  dy   dy
2  4
y 0 1 y y 0 1 y2

 
 
  
1
 log y  1  y 2    log 1  1  12  log 1   log 1  2

4   0 4   4

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MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

1 y  2

1 2
1
Example 6.1.3: Evaluate 
0
 0 1  x2  y 2
dxdy

Solution: Upper limits of inner integral is function of y . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t x and then w.r.t. y . (XY order)

x
1 y  2

y 1 2
1
I 
y 0 x0
 1  y 2  x2
dxdy

 x  1 y 2  
y 1  2 
1
    dx  dy Integrating w.r.t. x treating y constant
y 0 

x0 1  y 2   x 2 
 

x
1 y 
2

y 1   x  2
 1  x 
y 0   1  y 2
   
1
 sin dy  sin 1   
  a x
2 2
 a 
    x0
y 1
 1  1  
   sin  0   dy
1
 sin 
y 0   2 
y 1
 
 
y 0
 4  0  dy


 y  y 0
y 1

4
 
 1  0 
4 4

x
1 y  2

y 1 2
1 
 
y 0

x0 1 y  x2 2
dxdy 
4

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 407

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

a 3 x 2  a2
x
Example 6.1.4: Evaluate 0

0
x2  y2  a2
dxdy

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of x . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t y and then w.r.t x . (YX order)
xa 3 y  x2  a2
x
I
x0
 
y 0
x  y2  a2
2
dxdy

xa 3  y  x2  a2 1 
  x  dy
 y 0  x 2  a 2   y 2 
 dx
x0
 
x2  a2
xa 3
 1  y   1 1  y 
  x tan 1   dx   2 dy  tan 1   
x0  x  a
2 2
 x a
2 2
  0  b y 2
b  b 
x a 3
x
   tan 1 1  tan 1  0   dx
x 0 x a
2 2

x a 3
 
x
 
x 0
  dx
x a 4
2 2

x 0 a 3
Put x 2  a 2  t  2 xdx  dt 2
t a 4a 2

x 4 a2
 1 dt
I 
4  t 2
xa2

 
4a 2

 2 t
8 a 2

 a
 2a  a  
4 4

xa 3 y  x2  a2
x a
 
x0

y 0
x  y a
22 2
dxdy 
4

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 408

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

a a2  x2

Example 6.1.5: Evaluate  

0 0
a2  x2  y2 dxdy

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of x . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t y and then w.r.t. x . (YX order)
2 2
xa y a  x
I 
x 0

y 0
a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy

x a  y  a2  x2 
   
 y 0
 a 2
 x 2
  y 2
dy  dx

x0
 

 a2  x2 
y  a2  x2
x a y  y 
   a 2
 x2   y2  sin 1   dx
x0  2 2  a  x   y  0
2 2

x a   a 2  x 2   sin 1 1  0  0 dx
  0  
x0  2 
x a
 a2  x2  
 
x0
 2  2  dx
 
a
 x3 
 a x   2

4 3 0

 a3 
  a   0  0
3

4 3 
 2  a
3
  a3  
4 3  6

a 2  x2
a
 a3
  
0 0
a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy 
6

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 409

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

2 x2
Example 6.1.6: Evaluate   xx  y 2  dxdy
2

0 0

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of x . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t y and then w.r.t x . (YX order)
2
x2 y  x
I   xx  y 2  dxdy
2

x 0 y 0

 yx 3 
2
x2
     x  xy 2  dy  dx
x0  y  0 

x2 y  x2
 3 y3 
 
x0


x y  x
3  y 0
dx

x2
 3 2 x6 
 
x0


x x  x
3
 0  0  dx

x2
 5 x7 
 
x0
 x   dx
 3
2
 x6 x8 
  
 6 24  0

 2 6 28 
    0  0
 6 24 
32 32 64
  
3 3 3

2 x2
64
   xx  y 2  dxdy 
2

0 0
3

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 410

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

1 x2 y
Example 6.1.8: 
0
 e x dxdy
0

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of x . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t y and then w.r.t x . (YX order)

x 1 y  x2
y
I  
x 0 y 0
e x dxdy

 yx y 
2
x 1
=    e x dy  dx        (1)
x 0  y 0 
y  x2 y  x2 1
y y
Consider I1 = 
y 0
e x dy  
y 0
e x dy

y  x2
 1 
 exy   eay 1
    e dy  , where a  
ay

 1    a x
  x  
y 0

y  x2
 1y
  xe x   x e x  1
  y 0
y  x2
y
 I1 = 
y 0
e x dx  xe x  x    (2)

From (1) and (2)

x 1
I   xe  x  dx
x

x 0

x 1
 x2 
  x  e x   (1)  e x   
 2  x 0

Integrating xe x by parts using  uvdx  uv1  uv2  uv3   
 1  1
   e  e     0  1  0  
 2  2

x 1 y  x2
y 1
  
x 0 y 0
e x dxdy 
2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 412

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

1 y

  xye
 x2
Example 6.1.9: dxdy
0 0

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of y . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t x and then w.r.t y (XY order)

y 1 x y

 
2
I xye x dxdy
y 0 x0

 x  y  x2 
y 1

=  y   xe dx  dy        (1)
y 0  x 0 
y y

Consider I1 =  xe  x dx   e x  xdx 
2 2

0 0

y2
 dt   x 0 y 
  e t   Putting x  t  2 xdx  dt and
2

0 2  t 0 y 2 

1 y2 1
 e t    e  y  1
2

2 0 2 
y
1
 I1 =  xe x dx  1  e  y     (2)
2 2

2  
0

From (1) and (2)

 
1
1 2 
 I   y  1  e  y  dy
0 2 

 
1
1

2
 1  e  y ydy
20

1
1
 dt   y 0 1 

20 1  e t   
2
Putting y  t  2 ydy  dt and
2

t 0 1 

1 1
 t  e t 
4 0

1 1 1
 1  e1   0  1   e1 
4 4 4e

1 y
1
 I    xye  x dxdy 
2

0 0
4e

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 413

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.1 Type 1 ( Limits Given)

1 1 y 2

Example 6.1.10: Evaluate  

0 0
 ( x  1) 2  y 2  dxdy

Solution: Upper limit of inner integral is function of y . Therefore, order of integration is

first w.r.t x and then w.r.t. y ( XY order)

y 1 x 1 y 2

I 
y 0

x 0
( x  1) 2  y 2  dxdy

 x 1 y 
2
y 1

     ( x  1) 2  y 2  dx  dy
 x0
y 0  
y 1 x 1 y 2
 ( x  1)3 
    y2 x dy
y 0 
3  x0
y 1
 1  1 
  3 1  y  1  y 2 (1  y 2 )    (0  1)3  0   dy
3
 2

y 0  3 
y 1
 1   1
   3 y  y 2  y 4       dy
6

y 0   3
y 1
 1 y 7 y 3 y5 1 
      y 
 3 7 3 5 3  y 0

 1 1 1 1
       0
 21 3 5 3 
44

105

y 1 x 1 y 2
44
 
y 0

x 0
( x  1) 2  y 2  dxdy 
105

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 414

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

Chapter-6
Topic-6.2-A
Double Integrals

Type 2: Evaluation of Double Integral over given region

Working Rule to Evaluate Double Integrals when limits of integral are not given

1. Draw all the curves, find points of intersection and locate region of integration.

2. Decide the order of integration i.e. XY or YX

3. Function f ( x , y ) will decide the order of integration. If integration of f ( x , y ) w.r.t x

(keeping y constant) is easy order is XY, otherwise order is YX.

Case 1: If order of integration is YX, then consider a strip parallel to Y axis.

(a) This strip is an imaginary strip of variable length which moves from left to
right end of the region so that the entire region of integration is swept.

(b) During its journey from to left to right end, lower and upper end of the strip
should touch single curve. Otherwise partition the region of integration.

(c) If lower end of the strip touches the curve y  h ( x) , upper end touches the
curve y  k ( x ) , X co-ordinate of a point on extreme left of the region is a
and X coordinate of a point on extreme right of the region is b then
x b y k ( x )
I 
x a

yh( x)
f ( x, y)dxdy

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 417

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

Case 2: If order of integration is XY, then consider a strip parallel to X axis.

(a) This strip is an imaginary strip of variable length which moves from lower to
upper end of the region so that the entire region of integration is swept.

(b) During its journey from to lower to upper end, left and right end of the strip
should touch single curve. Otherwise partition the region of integration.

(c) If left end of the strip touches the curve x  k1 ( y ) , right end touches the

curve x  k 2 ( y ) , Y coordinate of a point at lower end of the region is c and

Y coordinate of a point at upper end of the region is d then

y  d x  k2 ( y )

I  
y  c x  k1 ( y )
f ( x, y )dxdy

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 418

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

Example 6.2A.2: Evaluate  sin[ (ax  by)]dxdy , where R is the region bounded by the
R

straight lines. x  0, y  0 and ax  by  1 (where a and b are positive constants).

Solution: x  0 is Y axis, y  0 is X axis and ax  by  1is a straight line passing through

1   1
 , 0  and  0, 
a   b
Integration is easy w.r.t x as well as y .
So, let’s evaluate using order XY. That is
first integrate w.r.t x (keeping y
constant) and then integrate w.r.t y .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

X axis, which moves from lower to upper
end of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

Left end of the strip touches Y axis

( x  0 ). Therefore, lower limit of inner
integral is x  0

Right end of the strip touches the straight line ax  by  1. Therefore, upper limit of inner
1  ax
integral is y  (writing y in terms of x ).
b

Value of y at lower end of the region is 0. Therefore, lower limit of outer integral is y  0

1 1
Value of y at upper end of the region is . Therefore, upper limit of outer integral is y  .
b b

1 x  1by 
y  
b  a 
I   sin  ax   by  dxdy
y 0 x 0

1  1by 
y
 cos  ax   by   
x  
b a 
  
a
 dy  Integrating w.r.t. x  treating y constant 
y 0   x 0
1
y
1 b
   1  by   
  cos  a     by   cos  by  dy
a y 0    a   

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 421

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

1
y
b
1
I    cos[ ]  cos  by   dy
a y 0
1
y
b
1
  1  cos  by   dy
a y 0

1
y
b
1
  1  cos  by   dy
a y 0

1
y
1  sin   by   b
 y  
a   b  y 0

1  1 sin    1
    0  0 
 a b b   ab

1
  sin[ (ax  by)]dxdy 
R
 ab

We can also evaluate this integral using order YX. That is, That is first integrating w.r.t y
(keeping x constant) and then integrate w.r.t x . In this case, limits will be

1  1 ax 
x y  
a  b 
I   sin  ax   by  dxdy
x 0 y 0

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 422

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

 e
ax  by
Example 6.2A.3: Evaluate dxdy where R is the region bounded by the straight lines.
R

x  0, y  0 and ax  by  1 (where a and b are positive constants)

Solution: x  0 is Y axis, y  0 is X axis and ax  by  1is a straight line passing through

1   1
 , 0  and  0, 
a   b
Integration is easy w.r.t x as well as y . So,
let’s evaluate using order YX. That is first
integrate w.r.t y (keeping x constant) and
then integrate w.r.t x .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

Y axis, which moves from left to right end
of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

Lower end of the strip touches X axis

( y  0 ). Therefore, lower limit of inner
integral is y  0

Upper end of the strip touches the straight line ax  by  1. Therefore, upper limit of inner
1  ax
integral is y  (writing y in terms of x ).
b

Value of x at left end of the region is 0. Therefore, lower limit of outer integral is x  0

1 1
Value of x at right end of the region is . Therefore, upper limit of outer integral is x  .
a a

x
1  y  1bax  
a
   ax by 
I    e dy  dx
x 0  y  0 
 
1  1 ax 
x y  
a
 eax by   b 
   b  dx  Integrating w.r.t. y  treating x constant 
x 0   y 0
1
x
1 a  ax b 1bax  ax 
  e    e  dx
b y 0  

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 423

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

1
x
a
1
b y0 
I  e  eax  dx

1
x
a
1
 
b x 0
e  eax  dx

1
x
1 eax  a
 ex  
b a  x 0

1  e e   1  1
      0    
b  a a   a   ab

1
  eax by dxdy 
R
ab

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 424

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

352
  x  y 2  dxdy 
3
Example 6.2A.4: Show that , where R is the triangle formed by the
R
15
straight lines y  0, x  2 and y  2 x

Solution: y  0 is X axis, x  2 is a straight line parallel to Y axis and passing through

 2, 0  and y  2x is a straight line passing through  0, 0  and  2, 4 

Here we evaluate the integral using order

YX. That is first integrate w.r.t y (keeping
x constant) and then integrate w.r.t x . ( We
can also solve using order XY)

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

Y axis, which moves from left to right end
of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

Lower end of the strip touches X axis

( y  0 ). Therefore, lower limit of inner
integral is y  0

Upper end of the strip touches the straight line y  2x . Therefore, upper limit of inner
integral is y  2x (writing y in terms of x ).

Value of x at left end of the region is 0. Therefore, lower limit of outer integral is x  0

Value of x at right end of the region is 2 . Therefore, upper limit of outer integral is x  2 .

x 2  y 2 x 3 
I     x  y  dy  dx
2

x 0  y 0 
x 2 y 2 x
 3 y3 
   x y  
3  y 0
dx  Integrating w.r.t. y  treating x constant 
x 0 
x 2 2
 4 8x3   x5 8 x 4  2 2 352
   2 x   dx   2     32   16  
y 0  3   5 3 4 0 5 3 15

352
   x3  y 2  dxdy 
R
15

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 425

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

Example 6.2A.5: Evaluate  xydxdy , where R is the positive quadrant of the circle
R

x y a
2 2 2

Solution: The positive quadrant of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is bounded by the X axis, Y axis
and arc of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2

Here we evaluate the integral using order

YX. That is first integrate w.r.t y (keeping
x constant) and then integrate w.r.t x . ( We
can also solve using order XY)

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

Y axis, which moves from left to right end
of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

x a  y  a2  x2 
I    xydy  dx
 y 0 
x 0
 
x a y  a2  x2
 y2 
  x 2  dx  Integrating w.r.t. y  treating x constant 
x 0   y 0

 
x a
1  2

 
2 y 0 
x a 2  x 2  dx

x a
1
2 y0 
  a 2 x  x3  dx

x a
1  2 x2 x4  1  a4 a4  a 4
 a      
2  2 4  x 0 2  2 4  8

a4
  xydxdy 
R
8

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 426

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

Example 6.2A.6: Evaluate  xy( x  y)dxdy , where R is the region bounded between
R

x  y & x y
2

Solution: x 2  y is a parabola symmetrical bout Y axis, and x  y is a straight line passing

through  0, 0  and 1,1

Let’s evaluate the integral using order YX.

That is first integrate w.r.t y (keeping x
constant) and then integrate w.r.t x .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

Y axis, which moves from left to right end
of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

Lower end of the strip touches the parabola

x 2  y . Therefore, lower limit of inner
integral is y  x 2

Upper end of the strip touches the straight line x  y . Therefore, upper limit of inner integral
is x  y (writing x in terms of y ).

Value of x at left end of the region is 0. Therefore, lower limit of outer integral is x  0

Value of x at right end of the region is 1 . Therefore, upper limit of outer integral is x  1 .
x 1 y  x
I   xy  x  y  dxdy
x 0 y  x2

x 1 yx 2 
  2  x y  xy 2
 dx  dy
x 0 
 y  x 
x 1 yx
 x 2 y 2 xy 3 
    dx
x 0 
2 3  y  x2

x 1
 x 2 x 2 xx3   x 2 x 4 xx6  
   2  3    2  3  dx
x  0 

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 427

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

x 1
5 1 1 
I   6 x  x6  x 7  dx
4

x 0
2 3 
1
 5 x5 1 x 7 1 x8 
      
 6 5 2 7 3 8 0

1 1 1  3
    0 
 6 14 24  56

3
  xy  x  y  dxdy 
56

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 428

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-A Type 2 Over Given Region

1
Example 6.2A.7: Evaluate  dxdy , where R is the region of ellipse 2 x 2  y 2  1
R 1 x  y
2 2

in the first quadrant.

Solution: The positive quadrant of the circle 2 x 2  y 2  1 is bounded by the X axis, Y axis
and arc of the circle 2 x 2  y 2  1

Here we evaluate the integral using order XY.

That is first integrate w.r.t x (keeping y
constant) and then integrate w.r.t y .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to X

axis, which moves from lower to upper end of the
region of integration without changing the curves.

1 y2
2x2  y2  1  x  
2

x
1 y  2

y 1 2
1
I 
y0

x 0 1  y2  x2
dxdy

 x  1 y 2  
y 1  2 
1
    dx  dy
y 0 

x 0 1  y 2   x2 
 

x
1 y  2

y 1   x  2

   sin 1

 1 y2


dy Integrating w.r.t. x treating y constant
y 0 
    x 0
y 1
 1  1  
   sin  0   dy
1
 sin 
y 0   2 
y 1
     
 
y 0
 4  0  dy  cos  x     sin x 
  2 
  
 y  y 0  1  0 
y 1

4 4 4
1 
 
R 1  x2  y 2
dxdy 
4

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 429

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

Example 6.2B.1: Evaluate  x( x  y )dxdy , where R is a triangle having vertices

R

(0, 0), (1, 2) & (0, 4)

Solution: Equation of straight line joining  0, 0  and 1, 2  is

2  0
y 0    x  0 . That is, y  2 x
 1  0 

Equation of straight line joining  0, 4  and 1, 2  is

2 4
y4    x  0  . That is, y  4  2x
 1  0 

Here we evaluate the integral using order

YX. That is, first integrate w.r.t y (keeping
x constant) and then integrate w.r.t x .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to

Y axis, which moves from left to right end
of the region of integration without
changing the curves.

1 y  4 2 x

I   x  xy  dxdy
2

0 y 2 x

1  y  4 2 x 
     x 2  xy  dy  dx
0 
 y 2 x 
y  4 2 x
1
 2 y2 
  x y  x dx
0  2  y 2 x

1 
 4  2 x     x 2  2 x  x  2 x   dx
2 2

   x 2  4  2 x   x
0 
 2   2  
   

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 431

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

 16  16 x  4 x 2   
 
1
 I     4 x  2 x   x
2 3
  2 x3  2x3  dx

0 
2  
  
1
    4 x  2 x  
2 3 16 x  16 x 2  4 x3   
  dx

0  2 
 
1
  8x  12 x2  4 x3  dx
0

1
 x2 x3 x4 
  8  12  4  
 2 3 4 0

  4  4  1   0  0  0    1

  x( x  y )dxdy  1
R

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 432

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

Example 6.2B.2: Evaluate  ydxdy over the area bounded by y  x 2 and x  y  2

Solution: y  x 2 is a parabola symmetrical about Y axis and x  y  2 is a straight line

passing through  2,0  and  0, 2 

.At the points of intersection of y  x 2 abd

x  y  2 , we have

x  x2  2
 x2  x  2  0
  x  2  x  1  0
 x  2, x  1

When x  2 , y  4 and

When x  1 , y  1

Points of intersection of the parabola y  x 2 and the straight line x  y  2 are  2, 4  and
1,1
Here we evaluate the integral using order YX. That is, first integrate w.r.t y (keeping x
constant) and then integrate w.r.t x .

x 1 y  2 x  y  2 x
x 1 
I   ydxdy     ydx  dy
 y  x2
x 2 y  x2 x 2  
x 1 y  2 x
 y2 
    dx
x 2 
2  y  x2
x 1
1
   2  x   x 4  dx
2

2 x 2  
x 1
1   2  x  x5 
3

   
2  3 5 
x 2

1  1 1   64 32   1  63 33  36
         
2  3 5   3 5   2  3 5  5

36
I   ydxdy 
5

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 433

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

Example 6.2B.3: Evaluate  xy ( x  1)dxdy , where R is the region bounded by the curves
R

xy  4 , y  0, x  1 & x  4.

Solution: y  0 is X axis. x  1 is a straight line parallel to Y axis & passing through 1, 0 

x  4 is a straight line parallel to Y axis & passing through  4,0  .

xy  4 is a rectangular hyperbola

The point of intersection of xy  4

and x  1 is 1, 4 

The point of intersection of xy  4

and x  4 is  4,1

Here we evaluate the integral using

order YX. That is, first integrate w.r.t
y (keeping x constant) and then
integrate w.r.t x .

x 4 y4
x x 4  y4 x 
I   xy ( x  1)dxdy   x( x  1)   ydx  dy
 y 0 
x 1 y 0 x 1
 
x 4 y4
 y2  x
  ( x  x)  
2
dx
x 1  2  y 0

1
x 4
 4  2 
  ( x  x)    0 dx
2

2 x 1  x  
x 4
16  1 
2 x1  x 
 1  dx

 8  x  log x x 1  8 4  log 4  1  log1  8  3  log 4 

x 4

 xy( x  1)dxdy  8  3  log 4

R

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 434

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

1
Example 6.2B.4: Show that  xydxdy  2 log 2 , where R is the region bounded by the
R

curves x  1, x  2, y  0 and xy  1

Solution: y  0 is X axis. x  1 is a straight line parallel to Y axis & passing through 1, 0 

x  2 is a straight line parallel to Y axis & passing through  2,0  .

xy  1 is a rectangular hyperbola.

The point of intersection of xy  1 and

x  1 is 1,1

The point of intersection of xy  1 and

 1
x  2 is  2, 
 2

Here we evaluate the integral using

order YX. That is, first integrate w.r.t
y (keeping x constant) and then
integrate w.r.t x .

x 2 y 1
x x 2  y 1x 
I   xydxdy   x   ydx  dy
x 1  y 0 
x 1 y0
 
x 2 y 1
 y2  x
  x  dx
x 1 
2  y 0

1
x 2
 1 2 
2 x1  x  
 x    dx

x 2
1 1 1 1 1
dx   log x x 1   log 2  log1  log 2
x 2
   
2 x 1  x  2 2 2

1
  xydxdy  log 2
R
2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 435

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

Example 6.2B.5: Evaluate  x 2 dxdy , where R is the region in the first quadrant by the curve
R

xy  16 and the straight line y  x, y  0 & x  8

Solution: y  0 is X axis. y  x is a straight line passing through  0, 0  and 1,1

x  8 is a straight line parallel to Y axis & passing through  8, 0  .

xy  16 is a rectangular hyperbola.

The point of intersection of xy  16 and

y  x is  4, 4 

The point of intersection of xy  16 and

x  8 is  8, 2 

Here we evaluate the integral using order

YX. That is first integrate w.r.t y
(keeping x constant) and then integrate
w.r.t x .

To write limits, consider a strip parallel to Y axis, which moves from left to right end of the
region of integration. Observe that when strip moves from left to right, upper end of the
strip changes the curve at  4, 4  . So we need to split the region into two parts as shown.

I   x 2 dxdy   x 2 dxdy   x 2 dxdy

R R1 R2

x4 y x x 8 y 16
x
  
x 0 y 0
x 2 dxdy   
x 4 y 0
x 2 dxdy

 yx 
x4 x 8  y 16 x 
  x   dy  dx   x  y0 dy  dx
2 2

x 0  y 0  x4
 
x4 x 8
x 2  y  y 0 dx   x  y
yx y 16
 
2
y 0
x
dx
x 0 x4

x4 x 8
16 
  x  x  0 dx  x  x  0 dx
2 2

x 0 x4

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 436

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.2-B Type 2 Over Given Region-Conti…

x 4 x 8
I   x dx  16  xdx
3

x 0 x4
4 8
x  4
x  2
    16  
 4 0  2 4
1
 44  0  8 82  42 
4
 64  384  448

  x dxdy  448
2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 437

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

Chapter-6
Topic-6.3-A
Double Integrals

Change of Order of Integration

The concept of change of order of integration evolved to help in handling typical integrals
occurring in evaluation of double integrals. If it is difficult to evaluate double integral with
given limits, we change the order of integration.

x b y k ( x )
Working Rule: To Change Order of Integration of the Type xa y h( x) f ( x, y)dxdy
1. Using given limits, draw the region of integration.
In this case, order is YX. Thus, initially strip is parallel to Y axis.
Lower limit of inner integral is y  h ( x )  lower end of strip is touching the
curve y  h( x )
Upper limit of inner integral is y  k ( x)  Upper end of strip is touching the
curve y  k ( x )
Limits of outer integral is from x  a to x  b  Strip moves from x  a to x  b .
Using this information draw the region.

2. Change the direction of strip in the region drawn. In this case, now we consider
a strip parallel to X axis. Thus, order of integration is XY.

3. Write limits of integration and Evaluate.

y d x v ( y )
Working Rule: To Change Order of Integration of the Type 
y c

x u ( y )
f ( x, y )dxdy

1. Using given limits, draw the region of integration.

In this case order is XY. Thus, initially strip is parallel to X axis.
Lower limit of inner integral is x  u ( y )  lower end of strip is touching the
curve x  u ( y )
Upper limit of inner integral is x  v ( y )  Upper end of strip is touching the
curve x  v ( y )
Limits of outer integral is from y  c to y  d  Strip moves from y  c to y  d .
Using this information draw the region.

2. Change the direction of strip in the region drawn. In this case, now we consider
a strip parallel to Y axis. Thus, order of integration is YX.

3. Write limits of integration and Evaluate.

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 444

 MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

Type 3 Change the order of integration & evaluate

(6.3-A) Examples

1 1 x 2
ey
1.  
0 0 ( e y  1) 1  x 2  y 2
dxdy

1 1 y 2
x
2.  
0 0 (1  x 2 ) 1  x 2  y 2
dxdy


2 y

3.   cos 2 y
0 0
1  a 2 sin 2 xdxdy

2 2
y2
4.  
0 y 4  4x2
dxdy
2x

1 1 4 y 2
2
1  x2
5. 0

0 1  x2 1  x2  y 2
dxdy

a a a2  y 2
xy log( x  a )
6. 
0

0
( x  a )2
dxdy

1 4

 e
x2
7. dxdy
0 4y

 x  x2

  xe
y
8. dxdy
0 0

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 445

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

1 1 x 2
ey
Example6.3A.1:Change the order of integration and evaluate   dxdy
0 0 (e y  1) 1  x 2  y 2

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is y  0 . This is X axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is y  1  x 2 . That is, x 2  y 2  1 . This is a circle.

Initially, strip is parallel to Y axis, whose lower end touches the X axis and upper end touches
the circle x 2  y 2  1 . This strip moves from left to right end from x  0 to x  1 . Thus,
region of integration is first quadrant of the circle x 2  y 2  1

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

y 1 x  1 y 2
ey
I 
y 0

x0 (e y  1) 1  x 2  y 2
dxdy

y 1  x  1 y2 
ey  1
  y dx  dy
y 0
(e  1)  x0 1  y 2   x2 

x  1 y 2
y 1
e  y  x   1  x 
  y sin 1   dy   dy  sin 1   
(e  1)   1  y2   b x
2 2
 b 
y 0     x 0
y 1
ey
y 0 (e y  1) sin 1  sin  0  dy
1 1


y 1
 ey  
  dy  sin 1 1  
2 y 0 (e  1)
y
 2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 446

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

  f ( y ) 
 
y 1
I     dy  log f ( y ) 
y
 log e 1   Using
2 y 0
 f ( y) 
   e 1
 log  e  1  log 1  1  log  
2 2  2 

1 1 x 2
ey   e 1
  
0 0 (e y  1) 1  x 2  y 2
dxdy 
2
log 
 2 


© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 447

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

1 1 y 2
x
Example6.3A.2:Change the order of integration and evaluate   dxdy
0 0 (1  x ) 1  x 2  y 2
2

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is x  0 . This is Y axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is x  1  y 2 . That is, x 2  y 2  1 . This is a circle having centre
at  0, 0  and radius =1.

Initially, strip is parallel to X axis, whose left end touches the Y axis and right end touches
the circle x 2  y 2  1 . This strip moves from lower to upper end from y  0 to y  1 . Thus,
region of integration is first quadrant of the circle x 2  y 2  1

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

x 1 y  1 x 2
x
I   dxdy
x 0 y 0 1  x 
2
1  x2  y2

x  
x 1 y  1 x 2
1
    dy  dx
x0 1  x 2
 
 y 0 1  x 2
 y 2


y  1 x 2
1
x  1  y    1  y  
 2 
sin   dx   dy  sin 1   
0 1  x  
  1  x   y 0 b2  y 2  b  
2

1
x
 sin 1 1  sin 1  0   dx
0 1  x 
2 

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 448

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

x 1
x  
I 
x 0
 1  x   2  0 dx
2

 1 x 1 2x
 
2 2 x 0  1  x  dx 2

  f ( x) 
 
x 1
    dx  log f ( x ) 
2
 log 1 x   Using
4 x 0
 f ( x) 
 
  log 2  log1  log 2
4 4
2
1 1 y
x 
  
0 0 (1  x ) 1  x  y
2 2 2
dxdy 
4
log 2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 449

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order


2 y

Example 6.3A.3: Change the order of integration and evaluate   cos 2 y

0 0
1  a 2 sin 2 xdxdy

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is x  0 . This is Y axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is x  y . This is a straight line passing through  0, 0  and 1,1

Initially, strip is parallel to X axis, whose left end touches the Y axis and right end touches

the straight line x  y . This strip moves from lower to upper end from y  0 to y  .
2

Before Changing the order of integration After Changing the order of integration

x  y 
2 2
I 
x0

yx
cos 2 y 1  a 2 sin 2 xdxdy

x   y  2 
2
  1  a sin x   cos 2 ydy  dx
2 2

 yx 
x0
 
x  y 
2
 sin 2 y  2
 
x0
1  a 2 sin 2 x 
 2  y  x
dx

x 
2
1
  1  a 2 sin 2 x sin   sin 2 x  dx
2 x0
x 
2
1
  1  a 2 sin 2 x   sin 2 x  dx
2 x0

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 450

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

Put 1  a 2 sin 2 x  t

1 x 0 
 a 2 2sin x cos xdx  dt or  sin 2 xdx  dt 2
a2 t 1 1  a2
t 1 a 2
1 dt
I  2
2a 
t 1
t
a2
t 1 a 2
1 t 2 
3

 2 
2a  3 
 2  t 1
1
 2 1  a 2  2  1
3

3a  

2 y
1 
   1
3
   cos 2 y 1  a sin xdxdy  
2 2 2 2
1 a
0 0
3a 2  

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 451

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

2 2
y2
Example 6.3A.4: Change the order of integration and evaluate   dxdy
0 2x y4  4x2

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is y  2 x . That is, y 2  2 x . This is a parabola symmetrical

about X axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is y  2 . This is a straight line parallel to X axis and passing
through  0, 2  .

Initially, strip is parallel to Y axis, whose lower end touches the parabola y 2  2 x and upper
end touches the straight line y  2 . This strip moves from left to right from x  0 to x  2 .

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

2
 x y2 2 
 1 
I   y2   dx dy
0
 x 0  y    2x
2 2 2

2
x y
2
1  2 x  2  1  x 
  y 2  sin 1  2   dy   dx  sin 1   
0 2  y   x 0  a2  x2  a 
2
1 2
y sin 1 1  sin 1  0   dy
2 0 


2
    y 3  8 2
2
1
  y 2   dy     
2 0 2 4  3  0 12 3

2
2 2
y2
 
0 y 4  4 x2
dxdy 
3
2x

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 452

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

Example 6.3A.5: Change the order of integration and evaluate

1 1 4 y 2
2
1  x2
0

0 1  x2 1  x2  y 2
dxdy

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is x  0 . This is Y axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is x  1  4 y 2 . That is, x 2  4 y 2  1 . This is an ellipse.

Initially, strip is parallel to X axis, whose left end touches the Y axis and right end touches
1
the ellipse x 2  4 y 2  1 . This strip moves from lower to upper end from y  0 to y  .
2

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

After changing the order of integration

 1 x 2 
y  
 2 
x 1  
1  x2
I 
x 0

y 0 1  x2 1  x2  y2
dxdy

 y  1 x 2  
2   
 2 
1 
1 x  1

0 1  x 2  y 0
 1  x 2  y 2  dx
dy
 
 
 1 x 2 
y  
1
1  x  1  y
2
   2 
  1  y  
 sin   dx   dy  sin 1   
0 1  x 2   1 x
2
  y 0  b2 - y 2  b  

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 453

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

1
1  x 2  1  1  
I   sin    sin 1  0   dx
2 
0 1 x  2 

 1
1  x2  1  
dx  sin 1    
6

0 1 x  2
2 6

1 1 1 x 0 1
Put x 2  t ,  x  t 2
and dx  t 2 dt
2 t 0 1

 1
1  t 1 1 2
6 0
I t dt
1 t 2

 1 1 1
1
1 1 
1  t  1  t 
12  0
I  t
2 2
dt   t 2 2
dt 
0 

  1 1  3 1   1 m 
  t 1  t  dt    m  1, n  1 
n
    ,     , 
12   2 2   2 2   0 

 1 1 3 1
  
  2 2  2 2
12  1 2 
 

 1 
     
  2 
12  1 1 
 
      3   2
    
12  2  12  2  8
1 2
2 1 4 y
1  x2 2
  
0 0 1  x2 1  x2  y 2
dxdy 
8

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 454

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

a a a2  y 2
xy log( x  a )
Example 6.3A.6: Change the order of integration and evaluate 0
0
( x  a )2
dxdy

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is x  0 . This is Y axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is x  a  a 2  y 2 . That is, ( x  a ) 2  y 2  a 2 . This is a circle

having centre at  a, 0  and radius = a.

Initially, strip is parallel to X axis, whose left end touches the Y axis and right end touches
the circle ( x  a )2  y 2  a 2 . This strip moves from lower to upper end from y  0 to y  a .

Note that x  a  a 2  y 2 implies that the right end of the strip will touch that part of the
circle for which x  a

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

After changing the order of integration

xa y a
xy log( x  a)
I  
x  0 y  2 ax  x 2
( x  a )2
dxdy

x log( x  a )  
xa y a

    ydy  dx
( x  a )2  y  
x0
 2 ax  x 2 
xa y a
x log( x  a )  y 2 
  dx
x0
( x  a )2  2  y  2 ax  x 2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 455

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

x a
1 x log( x  a ) 2
I    a   2ax  x 2 dx
2 x 0 ( x  a) 
2 
x a
1 x log( x  a )
 
2 x0 ( x  a) 2
( x  a ) 2 dx

x a
1
2 x 0
 x log( x  a )dx

x a
1
2 x 0
 log( x  a)  xdx

x a
1 d  
 log( x  a )  xdx    log( x  a)   xdx  dx  Integrating by parts
2  dx   x 0
x a
1  x2  1 x 2  
 log( x  a )      dx 
2  2  x  a 2   x 0

 x 2  a 2   a 2 
x a
1  2
  x  log( x  a )   dx 
4 xa  x 0

x a
1  2
  x  log( x  a )  
 x  a  x  a   a 2 
dx 
4  xa  x 0
x a
1   a 2  
  x 2  log( x  a )    x  a   dx 
4   x  a  x  0
x a
1  2  x  a 
2

  x  log( x  a )   a 2 log  x  a  
4  2  x 0

1  2  a 2
 
   a  log(2a)  0  a log  2a    0   a log a  
2 2

4   2  
1  a2  a2
    1  2log a 
2
 a log a
4 2  8
2 2
a a a  y
xy log( x  a) a2
   dxdy  1  2 log a 
0 0
( x  a)2 8

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 456

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

1 4

e
x2
Example 6.3A.7: Change the order of integration and evaluate dxdy
0 4y

Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits.

Lower limit of inner integral is x  4 y . This is a straight line passing through

 0, 0  and  4,1

Upper limit of inner integral is x  4 . This is a straight line parallel to Y axis and passing
through  4, 0 

Initially, strip is parallel to X axis, whose left end touches the straight line x  4 y and right
end touches the straight line x  4 . This strip moves from lower to upper end from
y  0 to y  1 .

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

x4
y
x
4
 y  4x 
x4
x  
 y 0 e dxdy  x0 e  y0 dy  dx
2 2
I x

x 0
 
x4 x4
x
e x  y 0 4 dx 
x
 e
2
x2
  4  dx
x 0 x 0

x4
1

2
 e x xdx
4 x 0

x 0 4
Put x 2  t ,  2 xdx  dt
t 0 16
16
1 t  dt  1 t 16 1 16
4 0  2  8   0 8 
I  e     e    e  1

1 4
1
e
x2
 dxdy   e16  1
0 4y
8

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 457

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

 x  x2

  xe
y
Example 6.3A.8: Change the order of integration and evaluate dxdy
0 0

x  yx
 x2
Solution: We draw the region of integration using given limits. I   
y
xe dxdy
x 0 y 0

Lower limit of inner integral is y  0 . This is X axis.

Upper limit of inner integral is y  x . This is a straight line passing through  0, 0 

Initially, strip is parallel to Y axis, whose lower end touches the X axis and upper end touches
the straight line y  x . This strip moves from left to right end from x  0 to x   .

Before Changing the order of Integration After Changing the order of Integration

y  x   x2
y 
 x   x 2 y 
I   dxdy    e xdx  dy    (1)
y
xe
y 0 x y y 0  x  y 

x   x2
Consider I1  
y
e xdx
x y

x2 2x y x y 
Put t  dx  dt or xdx  dt
y y 2 t y 
t 
y y t 
e dt   e t 
t
 I1 
t y
2 2 t y

y
   e   e y 
2
y 1
  0  e  y   ye  y    (2)
2 2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 458

MU-Engineering Mathematics II Double Integrals 6.3-A Type 3 Evaluation by changing order

From (1) and (2),

y 
1
I
2 y 0
 ye y dy

1
   
y 
 y  e y
 1  e y

2  y 0

1 1
  0  0  0  1 
2 2
 x  x2 1
   xe dxdy 
y

0 0
2

© 2020-SEAM by Prof. Satishkumar Barot Page 459