FM- M

Flwdde fom ranhinlgua by. wen subjrctcd to tangcuas

8heu
Solid- o defint efmati a.
Conttnum
Proptie ies of the mattu au
coutniows' tunton f Spare
denttyf- lm vsuble
dm seufeqrauty
S= f
Speafe wt
Y: fa m.
Sp Volu me Vistosity
=

streu
# kinematic Vistosithy

vdp

fa
k , P fu Y1

3sotanel
 2..

de f9t* bxay
df fgdA Moo ofIF.
dF xy -M

Ax AS +
A

2
 4Rwd netics
Laqranqiaw _Method
kineho be hauio w of cach
and evey individual pthele
Consti tucting
the feow.
Pautle idenhhySz poitian uecter <l

wt olpotre
powt ot
3nihc Posttton vecty
of peth'a e atto
time a instet

.
dtJ1o,2o.

Zayojro,
4 Eulew'an method

wrt ttme(!) ateach locat'cn

dt
=V(S,t)
w woy, z1t J·
dy/dt
alo -scs.+) da/de
 # Stready fow
Variow hydrodynamic pasameteu at cha nge
and flei d propta do not change uustea y fow
oith tme -at any po nt
’V= ve) Yfunchiou of only space.
a: ac )
Uw fom
Popue do mo t chcange oito point to Point
V= v(t)
# Mateial deivaties

in.At ’
V= V(xyt) -x0x)ytayz ta)
Wtsu

V+AU = V(+Axy ytAy Z+Az ttot)

he Tncnmet Yn space coodinates can be Jitten as

Asc= Uot

At

At
 Now At>o.becawr
Du
Dt Dt
Dy m Ay = Dy
Dt
Dt
Do
Dt
d2

’ matur al den vete.

Dt

Dt w DE
02.

The totl di ff elutal z D Dt 2t

Dt:
D4
Matesiat
# Contineity equaton aeelPICut'n tempoxat
or lòra +Coneche
acclpraton ace elPrahio

at g maaa denty of Fuid

usUs0= components ofveloity
dy
Rate of fluid enteng fpom
X
tare 'AecD

Rate ( EF4Hj’eauing fudy dz. )

Pu dedz +2 Pudyde J t ê
Rate of mars per unt tim in e aretia.
The gan in mau Per unit time th c- dre Ctu
Ratt of fluldRete of uid
leguing
fu dy dz
-2u dyde Jda.
 fu) dadydz
gain in mana p unit tt me n y- darectren and 2-drctia.
y directin =

-2 (fu) dadydz
Totol
gain in mans unit tme Oy contl Uo luna

Rate of chgnge ot mass In c wIt Hme .

m

Com paing e (3)o4)

(Bu) t3u)
3D-genual famta fr Cont
e,
Steady Hqw =0. , =(onst

2-O- sheadey
incompronarble pow

I-D steady
ncompeas hle Pou
 # Momeutum eq uaton
Ne fwton'a 2nd law F= ma Fdt = dm)
az dy
Smpulre = Change n momtm
F: m y
dt NeEfoce Rete of
honge ot
my mometum. momentum
dt
d(mz Rateof Chang
of momut

Fdt= dmy
Also - maan fowaute. XUeloca ty dmuj

Apphcatn

Lquid is ncompess bl e
’ 9deat flow.
A

F fore on nozzle

Force ex endte d by nozle oA Pipe bend

liqud
by liqud n pir bend
iqu'd
 y |eAstne fore in X- dire ethcn
Net foee in =.A, - A (03& :-a:
- dir

PiA, Ra te o f cuauq of momentu mln

Net tore in y i rect'an Reute of chanye fm in y

=- BA sine-Fy. = my,sinG-o
Ymvsine
’ Resutant foe om pipe lbend YAV(VesirbJ.
# Moment of Mowmentum Equaion.
m

Resutä t Torque
Net Toraue
momtum t2 Momutu no (T= moment o momtn
Ka sutt of Chanok

MOmpt Net Tinaye

Tm(ur-Vir)
If Az A m, m,
2
 Con tinsty equatn dolferen trof fom!

dy

Rate of aad enteung ABCD.

maso
tme
fudydz.
Mara
leau'ng erGH

Jdy de
fu da

sate o maa e euy =

+1fu doe dydz
Yute of
Mars
Gfu) dv
leau'ng.

fujdy.
Now a cte o{ acumlahn of mar
witmin tthe con bul olume I (dy ) dy.

(u)t (fu) +Jz

 hence the continus ty eq uahon (2

# Sbeam fumcthow
Hqro tational fo

So
The equatin of continwty

Now defin1nd (gt)

For IYotectienl How shea m
function satsfe the Ca place
quation,
Cousta ncy of on a shect mline'
’
each vale at ap Oit
chanqe in the sheam
functran can be
dy= -doc tudy:
Or eqh of slbheca m line

sheam Iine,
hene e Sheam line ntua ofs em tunch
+ Reypoldo Transfat Theom
Converts propethe foy lagngian to

4Systr m= Cy. for tti

A: yste
extensie pro prsty8
B(4) = Bey (ti)
Noo L: ,= t
Puc moleles le H
aud euteud egionIL

Bayst)
ABsys= Bsyuta)- Beyst)
ABsyt -8,(t2)+B, (62)

Dt At
At

dim ABys m
t At

Bydetnita -6,(t)
Oimt deueetu

ot At
 B’ ertensie
m, popaty
b’ Intcnsive propog }
At’o

Br (t)

Similay Br (ka) be fe AeVe -

Now DB sus

Luqrangew
vefba me. Eleran veffan'
euucd Pom ett
íuteqred fonm of aTt
DB
Dt Ibf.dt t |b.p(k.)da.
Lagrangtw ElenoS
DB
D
opeuty
MDwytum

o-faovenety meaerd lort Gs. (iontoi Sutuce ). be B

wtenslue
 #Euleg Gquadton . Equatan
Equat'on of motin fua an idoa feoco
applica ble for steady
eady foo
ow ofof an ided feid.
oRid Non visco ws
ho mogeneo s i'nro mp
Relets elo. presie danyity.
CentnOws stea y
veloaty
B

dh.
fpe PaA- (P+ dfJdA dA

FÙ= mgcos6

Net for e -F

= ds x dy
dt
From Ne wtows Second,,Law
= m a.

-dpdA - fqdAdh =

vdy
t gdh

d gdh t vdv =0
 Suteg aty
JaP+3 fdlu t
+

P+ fgh t v= (0ustant Bernoull is eqyuatu

* Ventumeta.

V-v A-fe -Z.

+)- z)

ho
A; )

A
J2ghi-hi)
 ht mon ometer:,

A, Aa
JA-A
New iZa Kenre ht- =hihi., -Stahe rene ad

# Orfice mete

VI A -

Ah

42
dif head

Peomahe 29

A1 V a AnV .
A: V2
A
 (
a2
Noo ao= Aea X-sec of ontce.
a
a
Coet
of con tachn

a,

Ca, xv

duschase
aV2 Ja-a

\(S4
(S4m (s4)
 Navier stokes equa tion
#General iscosity law
n ) l to solid-flwd itutare

r2442w,
# Gkact Soluhions for Nauier stoke a
du +y+y
euahon

Nauer toke eatien for

#Parallel flous n a stouqt channel

By using cortinuity tquction.

Fo one-d Uto
) u =0

N-S equato
Dy 4+4t

So Hhe solushon A:
u -l.de (b'-y2)Patabdrc
2l do

at y=bu=o 4-b u=0.

,() 2u0
-) U
h dic 2uU U
h cd2l
-deh. h
u=0 yeCnd
at
Nous
nd a=0yz0,s here
have We
k-l
How Couete #
 flow
# Hagen Posseille

z(04St
2: Lamincu
Vyr-0 Ve =0-240.

#Assumptn
I)Stream line flou
in Conta t (ualls)
2) lquid at ut
3) Presue at any point of a cetain
on se iM 8 Constant
4) kinetie energy veyle.
#
Hagen foiseule PRow.
Futly developed doamina fow
2-D awn symemc.

Vr)
..1..
Ve

(ont eqh fur pda Cordinate

fo Yotahicna
Systen.
0Y2 =0 oweh means = V2(Y,t)

Now we finady
+ (
Lbecome
For steady fow the goue ming equatan

conditions cue
The boundary
cand
at s=O , Vz i tnite

can bp unten cu.

Equctian
udz
d
t =0, Vz i, finite
which meany A shoud be to zero and s=R, »,=0
Yiel da
B- -L d.
Vz =
(-?)(
at Y O
Vz = V2 max

(-
R
|2renVz(r)dy
TUR' TTRZ
2TC R2 (#)[
Veay = (-!) = Ve max

Now
Q:-TLS
1284

128Q