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SQL ProblemSolving SystemDesign Questions

The document contains SQL queries for finding the second-highest salary and counting employees by department, along with Python functions to check for palindromes and find the longest common prefix. It also outlines a system design for a URL shortener, detailing the database schema and Python implementation for shortening and retrieving URLs. The solutions provided demonstrate practical applications of SQL and programming concepts for problem-solving.

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GAMEPLAY MASTER
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4 views4 pages

SQL ProblemSolving SystemDesign Questions

The document contains SQL queries for finding the second-highest salary and counting employees by department, along with Python functions to check for palindromes and find the longest common prefix. It also outlines a system design for a URL shortener, detailing the database schema and Python implementation for shortening and retrieving URLs. The solutions provided demonstrate practical applications of SQL and programming concepts for problem-solving.

Uploaded by

GAMEPLAY MASTER
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL, Problem Solving, and System Design Questions

SQL Questions

1. Write a query to find the second-highest salary in a table named `employees`.

```sql

SELECT MAX(salary) AS second_highest_salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

```

2. Write a query to count the number of employees in each department.

```sql

SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count

FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id;

```

Problem-Solving Questions

1. Write a Python function to check if a string is a palindrome.

```python

def is_palindrome(s):

return s == s[::-1]

# Example
SQL, Problem Solving, and System Design Questions

print(is_palindrome('madam')) # Output: True

```

2. Write a Python program to find the longest common prefix among a list of strings.

```python

def longest_common_prefix(strings):

if not strings:

return ""

prefix = strings[0]

for string in strings[1:]:

while not string.startswith(prefix):

prefix = prefix[:-1]

if not prefix:

return ""

return prefix

# Example

print(longest_common_prefix(['flower', 'flow', 'flight'])) # Output: 'fl'

```

System Design Question

1. Design a URL Shortener system.

- Use an incremental counter for unique IDs.


SQL, Problem Solving, and System Design Questions

- Convert IDs to base62 for short URLs.

- Store mappings in a database.

**Database Schema:**

```sql

CREATE TABLE url_mapping (

id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,

long_url TEXT NOT NULL,

short_url VARCHAR(10) UNIQUE NOT NULL,

created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()

);

```

**Python Implementation:**

```python

class URLShortener:

def __init__(self):

self.url_map = {}

self.counter = 1

self.base_url = "http://short.ly/"

def shorten(self, long_url):

short_url = self.base_url + str(self.counter)

self.url_map[short_url] = long_url

self.counter += 1
SQL, Problem Solving, and System Design Questions

return short_url

def retrieve(self, short_url):

return self.url_map.get(short_url, "URL not found")

```

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