U.S.T.H.

B Exercises sheet N◦ 3
Coordination of MATH1 module
Faculty of Matematics Real functions of real
Year 2023-2024
1st year Licence SM-ST variable

Exercise 1. Calculate, if they exist, the following limits :

3
√  x
x−1 x + cos x 1  1  1
lim √ , lim , lim 1 + , lim xE ln( ) , lim sin .
x→1 x−1 x→+∞ x + sin x x→+∞ x x→0 x x→0 x

Exercise 2. Study the continuity of the following functions on their domain of definition.
 2
x if 0<x≤1
|x|
 p 

|x| if x 6= 0
 

 
f (x) = x g(x) = x − E(x) if 1<x<2

 

0 if x = 0 

E(x) − x + 1 if 2 ≤ x < 3.


Exercise 3.
1. Can the following functions be continuously extended at the indicated points x0 ? If yes, write
down their extension.
 π
 cos x if −π ≤ x < − 2


π
f (x) = sin(x + 1) ln |1 + x|, x0 = −1 g(x) = x0 = − .
2
 tan x if − π < x < π


2 2
2. Determine if the following function can be continuously extended to R :

x3 − 2x2 − x + 2
h(x) = .
1 − |x|

3. Exercise 2.
Consider the function f defined by :

2x+2 − 16
if x 6= 2


 x
g(x) = 4 − 16


 a if x = 2.

(a) For what values of a is the function f continuous at x0 = 2 ?

(b) For a = 1, is f differentiable at x0 = 2 ?
Exercise 4. Show that the following equations have at least one solution in the indicated interval :

(a) x7 − x2 + 1 = 0, [−2, 0]; (b) x + ex = 0, ] − 1, 0[.

Exercise 5. Study the differentiability of the following functions at the indicated points :
2
 
 x2 e−x if x 6= 0  ln x if x ∈]0, 1]
f (x) = x0 = 0, f (x) = x0 = 1.
 √
0 if x = 0 x − 1 if x ∈]1, +∞[


Exercise 6.
1. State Rolle’s theorem.

1
 2. Let f be the function defined on [0, 1] as

0 if x = 0


x ln(x)

f (x) = x+ if 0 < x < 1

 1−x
0 if x = 1

(a) Prove that f is continuous on [0, 1].

(b) Show that there exists c ∈]0, 1[ such that f 0 (c) = 0 (the value of c is not required).
Exercise 7.
1. State the Mean Value Theorem.
2. Prove, using the Mean Value Theorem, the following inequalities :
(a) ∀x ∈] − 1, +∞[ ln(1 + x) ≤ x.
x
(b) ∀x ∈ [0, +∞[ ≤ arctan x ≤ x.
1 + x2
Exercise 8.
1. Determine the domain of definition and then calculate the derivative of the following functions :
1
f1 (x) = arcsin(4x + 1), f2 (x) = arctan( ), f3 (t) = t2t .
x
1
2. Show that the equation x + arcsin(4x + 1) = 0 has a solution in the interval [− , 0]. Is the
2
solution unique ?
Exercise 9. Solve the following equations :
1. 3 cosh(x) − sinh(x) − 3 = 0.
 
2 1
2. 2x − arctan(x ) − arctan = 0.
x2  
1 π
(Hint : Show that : ∀x > 0, arctan(x) + arctan = ).
x 2
Exercise 10.(Final Exam Domain ST-January 2020)
Let f be the function definied by :
 
1
f (x) = arctan
|x − 1|

1. Give the domain of definition of f .

2. Show that the function f is continuously extended at the x0 = 1, then give its extension.

 f (x) si x 6= 1
3. Let g be the function defined by : g(x) =
 π si x = 1
2
π
a) Show that there exists c ∈]1, 2[ such that g(2) − = g 0 (c).
2
b) Show that g is bijective from ]0, 1[ in some interval J to be determined, then find the reciprocal
application.
π
Remark : lim arctan x =
x→+∞ 2
Exercise 11.
1. State Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange remainder.

2
 2. Using Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange remainder of order 1 around 0, prove that
x2 x2
∀x > 0, < ex − x − 1 < ex .
2 2

Additional Exercises

xn
 
−x x
Exercise 1. Consider the function fn defined by fn (x) = e 1 + + ··· + .
1! n!
1. Show that fn is differentiable on [0, 1] and calculate fn0 .
1 1
2. Using the Mean Value Theorem, prove that the sequence defined by un = 1 + + · · · +
1! n!
converges to e.
√
Exercise 2. Using the Mean Value Theorem, estimate the error made when approximating 10001
by 100.
1
Exercise 3. Let the function f be defined on ]0, +∞[ in R by f (x) = 4 − ln x.
4
1. Prove that the equation f (x) = x has a unique solution α ∈ I =]3, 4[. (α is called the fixed
point of the function f ).
1
2. Show that f (I) ⊂ I and for all x ∈ I, |f 0 (x)| ≤ . (We say that f is a contracting map
12
1
with constant k equal to ).
12
3. Consider the recursive sequence (xn )n∈N defined by

xn+1 = f (xn )
x0 ∈ I
(a) Using the Mean Value Theorem, verify that |x1 − α| ≤ k|x0 − α|.
(b) Deduce by induction that for all n ≥ 1, |xn − α| ≤ k n |x0 − α|.
(c) Conclude from the above that the sequence (xn )n∈N converges to α and find an approxima-
tion of α to 10−5 . (Choose x0 = 3.5 for example).
Exercise 4. Let the function f : [−1, +∞[→ R be defined by :
 √
− 1+x if −1 ≤ x ≤ 0
f (x) = where a and b are real parameters.
− cos(πx) + ax + b if x > 0
1. Study the continuity and differentiability of f on ] − 1, 0[∪]0, +∞[ and then calculate f 0 on
] − 1, 0[∪]0, +∞[.
2. Determine b, so that f is continuous at 0.
3. For this value of b, find the values of a for which f is differentiable at 0.
4. Set a = −1/2 and b = 0.
(a) State the Intermediate Value Theorem.
1
(b) Prove that the equation f 0 (x) = 0 has at least one solution on ] , 1[.
2
1
(c) Study the monotonicity of f 0 on ] , 1[. Is the solution of the equation f 0 (x) = 0 unique ?
2
Exercise 5. Let the function f be defined on R by f (x) = ex (sin(x) + cos(x)) − 1.
1. Calculate f 0 , f (2) , and f (3) .
2. Write down the Taylor-Lagrange formula of order 2. Using the Taylor-Lagrange formula, prove
π
that for all x ∈ [0, ], we have : |f (x) − (2x + x2 )| ≤ |x3 |.
6