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A Common Sense Guide to Data Structures and
Algorithms in Python Volume 1 Level Up Your Core
Programming Skills Jay Wengrow Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Jay Wengrow
ISBN(s): 9798888650356, 8888650350
Edition: P1.0
File Details: PDF, 17.44 MB
Year: 2023
Language: english
A Common-Sense
Guide to Data
Structures and
Algorithms in
Python, Volume 1
Level Up Your Core Programming
Skills

by Jay Wengrow

Version: P1.0 (December 2023)

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 Table of Contents

Preface
Who Is This Book For?
The Python Edition
A Note About the Code
What’s in This Book?
How to Read This Book
Online Resources
Connecting

Acknowledgments

1. Why Data Structures Matter

Data Structures
The Array: The Foundational Data Structure
Measuring Speed
Reading
Searching
Insertion
Deletion
Sets: How a Single Rule Can Affect Efficiency
Wrapping Up
Exercises
2. Why Algorithms Matter
Ordered Arrays
Searching an Ordered Array
Binary Search
Binary Search vs. Linear Search
Wrapping Up
Exercises

3. O Yes! Big O Notation

Big O: How Many Steps Relative to N Elements?
The Soul of Big O
An Algorithm of the Third Kind
Logarithms
O(log N) Explained
Practical Examples
Wrapping Up
Exercises

4. Speeding Up Your Code with Big O

Bubble Sort
Bubble Sort in Action
The Efficiency of Bubble Sort
A Quadratic Problem
A Linear Solution
Wrapping Up
Exercises
5. Optimizing Code With and Without Big O
Selection Sort
Selection Sort in Action
The Efficiency of Selection Sort
Ignoring Constants
Big O Categories
Wrapping Up
Exercises

6. Optimizing for Optimistic Scenarios

Insertion Sort
Insertion Sort in Action
The Efficiency of Insertion Sort
The Average Case
A Practical Example
Wrapping Up
Exercises

7. Big O in Everyday Code

Mean Average of Even Numbers
Word Builder
Array Sample
Average Celsius Reading
Clothing Labels
Count the Ones
Palindrome Checker
Get All the Products
 Password Cracker
Wrapping Up
Exercises

8. Blazing Fast Lookup with Hash Tables

Hash Tables
Hashing with Hash Functions
Building a Thesaurus for Fun and Profit, but Mainly
Profit
Hash Table Lookups
Dealing with Collisions
Making an Efficient Hash Table
Hash Tables for Organization
Hash Tables for Speed
Wrapping Up
Exercises

9. Crafting Elegant Code with Stacks and

Queues
Stacks
Abstract Data Types
Stacks in Action
The Importance of Constrained Data Structures
Queues
Queues in Action
Wrapping Up
Exercises
10. Recursively Recurse with Recursion
Recurse Instead of Loop
The Base Case
Reading Recursive Code
Recursion in the Eyes of the Computer
Filesystem Traversal
Wrapping Up
Exercises

11. Learning to Write in Recursive

Recursive Category: Repeatedly Execute
Recursive Category: Calculations
Top-Down Recursion: A New Way of Thinking
The Staircase Problem
Anagram Generation
Wrapping Up
Exercises

12. Dynamic Programming

Unnecessary Recursive Calls
The Little Fix for Big O
The Efficiency of Recursion
Overlapping Subproblems
Dynamic Programming Through Memoization
Dynamic Programming Through Going Bottom-Up
Wrapping Up
Exercises
13. Recursive Algorithms for Speed
Partitioning
Quicksort
The Efficiency of Quicksort
Quicksort in the Worst-Case Scenario
Quickselect
Sorting as a Key to Other Algorithms
Wrapping Up
Exercises

14. Node-Based Data Structures

Linked Lists
Implementing a Linked List
Reading
Searching
Insertion
Deletion
Efficiency of Linked List Operations
Linked Lists in Action
Doubly Linked Lists
Queues as Doubly Linked Lists
Wrapping Up
Exercises

15. Speeding Up All the Things with Binary

Search Trees
Trees
 Binary Search Trees
Searching
Insertion
Deletion
Binary Search Trees in Action
Binary Search Tree Traversal
Wrapping Up
Exercises

16. Keeping Your Priorities Straight with Heaps

Priority Queues
Heaps
Heap Properties
Heap Insertion
Looking for the Last Node
Heap Deletion
Heaps vs. Ordered Arrays
The Problem of the Last Node…Again
Arrays as Heaps
Heaps as Priority Queues
Wrapping Up
Exercises

17. It Doesn’t Hurt to Trie

Tries
Storing Words
Trie Search
 The Efficiency of Trie Search
Trie Insertion
Building Autocomplete
Completing Autocomplete
Tries with Values: A Better Autocomplete
Wrapping Up
Exercises

18. Connecting Everything with Graphs

Graphs
Directed Graphs
Object-Oriented Graph Implementation
Graph Search
Depth-First Search
Breadth-First Search
The Efficiency of Graph Search
Weighted Graphs
Dijkstra’s Algorithm
Wrapping Up
Exercises

19. Dealing with Space Constraints

Big O of Space Complexity
Trade-Offs Between Time and Space
The Hidden Cost of Recursion
Wrapping Up
Exercises
20. Techniques for Code Optimization
Prerequisite: Determine Your Current Big O
Start Here: The Best-Imaginable Big O
Magical Lookups
Recognizing Patterns
Greedy Algorithms
Change the Data Structure
Wrapping Up
Parting Thoughts
Exercises

A1. Exercise Solutions

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20

Copyright © 2024, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

Early Praise for A
Common-Sense Guide to
Data Structures and
Algorithms in Python,
Volume 1
Students and programmers everywhere are told how
important algorithms and data structures are for
creating quality software—not to mention getting hired
at the best companies—and, yet, there are so few
resources that bring actual clarity to the topic. This book
does! The combination of Python’s simplicity and Jay’s
ability to drill down on what you need to know is a
winning formula. Reading this book is a worthwhile
investment for any software engineer.

→ Lyndon Purcell
Software Developer, OK200
A Common Sense Guide to Data Structures and
Algorithms in Python is one of those rare books that
both unravels the sometimes impenetrable algorithmic
content and keeps the reader engaged with a direct and
approachable writing style. I highly recommend this
book to anyone that wants to dig into algorithms to
improve their programming skills.

→ Terry Peppers
 Vice President of Engineering, LogicGate
As a beginner to coding, I have read many books on
algorithms and Jay’s book is the only one which doesn’t
assume the reader is a math genius nor does it treat
you in a condescending manner. From the start of the
book he encourages your learning and understanding as
a mentor and a friend.

→ Katy Douglas
Student, The Open University
The book serves as an exceptional reference for
individuals seeking to grasp the fundamental concepts
in data structures and algorithms (DSA) and an ideal
entry point to the realm of DSA, particularly for those
with limited or no prior background in computer science.
It excels in explaining the complex algorithms by using
clever illustrations and examples, making the book a
fascinating read.

→ Ahmad Shahba
Lead Software Engineer, Science Systems and
Applications, Inc.
The easy-to-digest and approachable content makes the
rather obtuse and math-heavy jargon field of data
structures and algorithms quite approachable to all. If
you don’t like switching contexts whilst studying, this
special edition is for you, as it uses only Python to
demonstrate concepts. You can’t go wrong with this
book!

→ Paa JAKE
Software and Test Engineer
 Preface
Data structures and algorithms are more than abstract
concepts. Mastering them enables you to write code that is
efficient, leading to software that runs faster and consumes
less memory. This is a big deal for today’s software
applications, which exist on increasingly mobile platforms
and handle increasingly greater amounts of data.

The problem with most resources on these subjects, though,

is that they are...well...obtuse. Most texts go heavy on the
math jargon, and if you’re not a mathematician, it can be
difficult to grasp what on earth is going on. Even books that
claim to make algorithms “easy” seem to assume that the
reader has an advanced math degree. Because of this, too
many people shy away from these concepts feeling that
they’re not “smart” enough to understand them.

The truth, though, is that everything about data structures

and algorithms boils down to common sense. Mathematical
notation itself is simply a particular language, and
everything in math can also be explained with common-
sense terminology. In this book, I use that common-sense
language (plus a lot of diagrams!) to explain these concepts
in simple and, dare I say, enjoyable ways.
Once you understand these concepts, you’ll be equipped to
write code that is efficient, fast, and elegant. You’ll be able
to weigh the pros and cons of various code alternatives and
be able to make educated decisions as to which code is best
for the given situation.

In this book, I go out of my way to make these concepts real

and practical with ideas that you can make use of today.
Sure, you’ll learn some really cool computer science along
the way. But this book is about taking that seemingly
abstract stuff and making it directly practical. You’ll be
writing better code and faster software by the time you’re
done reading this book.
Who Is This Book For?
This book is ideal for several audiences:

You’re a computer science student who wants a text

that explains data structures and algorithms in plain
English. This book can serve as a supplement to
whatever “classic” textbook you happen to be using.

You’re a beginning developer who knows basic

programming but wants to learn the fundamentals of
computer science to write better code and increase your
programming knowledge and skills.

You’re a self-taught developer who has never studied

formal computer science (or a developer who did but
forgot everything!) and wants to leverage the power of
data structures and algorithms to write more scalable
and elegant code.

Whoever you may be, I tried to write this book so that it can
be accessed and enjoyed by people of all skill levels.
The Python Edition
Pythonistas, rejoice! All the code in this book is written in
Python. The original edition of this book, A Common-Sense
Guide to Data Structures and Algorithms (the second edition
of which was published in 2020), was language-agnostic; it
was written using multiple programming languages. The
idea behind this was that we didn’t want to imply that the
book would only be helpful for one language, given that
data structures and algorithms are concepts that apply
across all of computing in general.

Over the years, I received feedback from readers who

expressed that they would love to see language-specific
editions of the book. After all, if you’re working with one
particular programming language, wouldn’t it be nice to
have a book in which all of the code is in that language?

Accordingly, I set out to create new single-language

versions of A Common-Sense Guide to Data Structures and
Algorithms. The first of these is the Python version and is
what you’re reading now! And because there’s so much to
say about data structures and algorithms, this is the first
volume in a progression of books. In this volume, I lay the
foundation for these concepts and cover the most common
data structures and algorithms. In the next volume, I’ll build
upon this knowledge to level up further with more advanced
ideas and techniques.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
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