Basic Research

(TPC / HPC 10 / NDP 12)

 SPUI VISION STATEMENT
St. Paul University Iloilo is a CATHOLIC
University of disciples of Jesus Christ, rooted in
His LOVE towards servant-leadership in a
globally-diversified society, for GOD and
COUNTRY.
 SPUI MISSION STATEMENT
• Rooted in Christ, we nurture a community of Paulinians, past and present, in truth, justice,
and peace while responding to the needs of the poor.
• We foster Gospel and Filipino values in our pursuit of academic excellence, research
capability, community service, and productive endeavors.
• We develop professional leadership and competence for social transformation and
environmental integrity.
• We uphold the Vision and Mission of St. Paul University System, seek the guidance of the
Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and embrace the spirituality of St. Paul as well as the
missionary tradition of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres.
 PAULINIAN CORE VALUES
❖ CHRIST-CENTEREDNESS
I am A Disciple of Jesus Christ, striving for an ever deeper relationship with Him, continually nourished by my
participation in the sacraments and personal prayer.
❖ CHARISM
I am A Paulinian Model of Excellence, aiming for wholeness, quality, order, and creativity, and equipping myself
with suitable professional qualifications and pedagogical skills and strategies.
❖ COMMUNITY
I am a Paulinian Community Builder, respecting other’s giftedness and capabilities, affirming the best in them, and
joyfully working with them for the common good.
❖ COMMISSION
I am A Paulinian Servant Leader, manifesting my disposability, tranquil daring, competence, and productivity; and
committed to work, duties, responsibilities, and professionalism in carrying out the mission of the school.
❖ CHARITY
I am A Compassionate Paulinian Steward, overcoming my prejudices and biases; showing reverence to other
faiths and cultures and exemplifying kindness, warmth, empathy and generosity, especially to the poor and
suffering.
Basic Research
(TPC / HPC 10 / NDP 12)
 Course Description
This course aims to educate the student in the essential research tools
and skills that will be needed as to perform as managers in the tourism
and hospitality industry. This course will introduce the research process
from design, data collection, hypothesis testing, to reporting, featuring
econometrics and other quantitative applications in business research;
and research on a topic related to the tourism and/or hospitality industry.
The student shall undertake a study on a topic of his/her own choice
through which he/she can develop the necessary skills of planning,
researching, reporting as well as the ability for writing thesis
 Course Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
Cognitive:
1. Explain and illustrate the basic steps in conducting a research.
2. Identify the different parts of a research paper
3. Discuss the research methodologies and techniques for studying various issues and problems in the
industry.
Psychomotor:
4. Devise research questions/hypothesis that can be explored in a social scientific context related in the
tourism industry
5. Demonstrate basic skills in undertaking specific research steps;
6. Undertake analysis and evaluation of tourism & hospitality data as aids to plan formulation and decision-
making.
7. Develop a Research Proposal
Affective:
8. Apply different research methods to actual projects and problems relevant to their course and future
career.
9. Exhibit understanding in making a simple tourism research proposal using the University’s format;
 Course Content
I - Research: It’s Nature, Types, and Role in Development
II - Problem Identification and Definition
III - Research Objectives and Hypotheses PRELIM
March 5 – 7, 2025
IV - Formulation of Research Framework
V - Operational Definition of Variables
VI - Research Desgin MIDTERM
April 28 – 30, 2025
VII - Sampling
VIII - Data Collection
IX - Instrumentation FINALS
X - Data Processing June 03 – 05, 2025
XI - Data Analysis and Interpretation
XII – Writing the Research Proposal
 CLASS REMINDERS
1. Attend our F2F class meeting every Monday & Wednesday at 09:00 AM =
10:30 AM. Be on-TIME.
2. Submit all your requirements on time (HARD COPY).
3. Take QUIZZES and EXAMINATIONS AS SCHEDULED.
4. Do not hesitate to ASK QUESTIONS during class meeting for
clarifications
5. Kindly observe working hours when trying to reach out to your teachers.
Let us all respect each other’s personal time.
6. WEAR YOUR SCHOOL UNIFORM (MTThF) and OJT Uniform
every Wednesday.
7. Learn the Art of LISTENING
8. BE HONEST!
9. PARTICIPATE
 FINAL OUTPUT (Requirement)
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PROPOSAL Format:
- Arial 12 / Short Size Bond Paper (Substance 20)
- Double Space
- Justify
-Margin: 1.5” (Left) and 1” (Right, Top, Bottom)
-Page number (1,2,3, …) is on the Upper Right hand of every
page, no page number appearing on chapter headers
Reminders:
Do not use past tense in your Research Proposal.
Do not use first person (I, We) instead, use The Researcher.
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY
Introduction Research Desgin
Statement of the Problem Setting of the Study
Objectives of the Study Sample and Sampling Scheme
Significance of the Study Research Instrumentation
Scope and Limitation Ethical Consideration
Definition of Terms Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Tools and Data Analysis
Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Research Utilization
Review of Related Literature
Summary of Literature Reviewed - References
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework - SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
Statement of Hypothesis
Research in Tourism
and Hospitality
(TPC / HPC 10)
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. define the concept of Research,
2. explain and illustrate the value of research in
development and decision-making,
3. describe and compare the different types and methods of
research and give an example for each; and
4. describe and explain the research process.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in
a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or
establish facts or principles.
It is also defined as a systematic process of
collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to
a question or a solution to a problem, or to
validate or test an existing theory.
 Functions Of Research
➢ It helps us answer the ➢ It helps us discover new
questions, solve things and ideas.
problems and make ➢ It allows us to validate
decisions. existing theories or generate
new ones.
➢ It enables us to see and ➢ It helps us identify and
understand how and understand the causes and
why a situation or a effects of a situation or a
problem exists. phenomenon.
 USES of RESEARCH as a Scientific Process
➢ Determine/ describe an ➢ Determine existence, degree

existing situation or nature of relationship

between two or more
(situation analysis).
factors.
➢ Describe a population
➢ Evaluate and/or compare
(people, objects, effectiveness of an
institutions). intervention, treatment or
➢ Compare two conditions
exposure.
or groups of population. ➢ Predict the value of a certain
characteristic.
Role of Research in
Improving Quality
of Life
 Connection Between Research And
Improvement Of Man's Welfare
NEW SKILLS/
NEW
PRACTICES/
KNOWLEDGE BEHAVIORS

IMPROVED
RESEARCH CONDITION/
WELFARE

NEW TOOLS/
NEW
DEVICES/
TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES
 Role Of Research In Development
➢ Research is needed in describing and analyzing existing social or
economic problems or condition.
➢ Research data are important inputs to planning and in designing a
program/project/activity intended to address an existing problem.
➢ Data on the background and needs of target clients of a proposed
program/project are needed in the preparation of the intervention.
➢ Project implementer should continue collecting, analyzing and
using relevant data to determine if, or to make sure that a
project/program is being implemented as planned.
 Role Of Research In Development
➢ Project implementation should be closely monitored to check
progress and quality of implementation.
➢ Upon completion of a project, its performance or impact needs to
be evaluated.

• For instance, the effect of a new teaching strategy may be

evaluated in terms of its effectiveness in improving students'
performance.
• A training intervention can be evaluated in terms of the skills
learned and applied by the training participation.
 Types Of Research
1. Descriptive Research
2. Explanatory or Correlation Research
3. Intervention or Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
➢ This type of study finds answer to the questions
who, what, when, where and how. It describes a
situation or given state of affairs in terms of
specified aspects or factors.
➢ What may be described are characteristics of
individuals or groups, or physical environments,
or conditions.
 Examples:
a. "The Management Styles of School
Administrators in Iloilo City”
b. "Tardiness and Absenteeism among High
School Students.”
c. "Marketing Practices of the Loom Weaving
Industry in Region VI"
EXPLANATORY or CORRELATION RESEARCH

➢ It goes beyond description of the problem or

situation. It attempts to explain the possible
factors related to a problem which have been
discovered in a descriptive study.
➢ It investigates relationship between factors or
variables.
 Examples:
a. "Relationship Between Socioeconomic Factors
and Absenteeism Among High School Students”
b. "Marketing Strategies and Sales Performance of
Travel Agencies in Iloilo City"
INTERVENTION or EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

➢ It evaluates the effect or outcome of a

particular intervention or treatment.
➢ It studies the "cause and "effect" relationship
between certain factors on a certain
phenomenon under controlled condition.
 Examples:
a. "Advertising: Its Effects on Sales and Profit of
Travel Agencies in Iloilo City”

b. "The Effect of In-House Training on Human

Relations on the Productivity and Efficiency of
Office Employees in Private Banks in Iloilo
City."
 Other Classification Of Research
1. Pure/Basic vs. Applied Research
Pure/Basic Research - attempts to describe an existing situation or
explain certain patterns of behavior using either both qualitative or
quantitative research techniques.
(Ex: Factors Associated with Absenteeism among High School Students)

Applied Research - it aims to see an immediate solution to a

problem. It focuses on variables or factors which can be changed
by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal.
(Ex: Remedial Teaching: Its Effect on the Performance of Slow Learners)
2. Exploratory vs. Explanatory Research
Exploratory Research - it is designed to describe an existing problem
situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the
emergence of the problem, the nature of which is not yet known.
(Ex: Menopause: Working Women’s Perceptions, Experiences, & Coping Strategies )

Explanatory Research - the goal is to understand or explain a prevailing

situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have
already been identified.
(Ex: Extent of Exposure to Advertising Materials & Expenditure Patterns of Young
Professionals in Luzon)
3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research - seeks to quantify or reflect in numbers
the observations on the characteristics of the population
being studied.
Qualitative Research - emphasizes verbal descriptions and
explanations of human behavior and practices in an attempt
to understand how the units or members of the study
population experience or explain their own world.
 Research Methods
1. Experimental Methods
It yields the most conclusive research findings.
Determines the "cause" and "effect" relationship of certain
phenomenon under controlled condition.

2. Survey Method
Obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a
group. The purpose is to get a general picture of the
characteristics of a study population at a particular time.
 RESEARCH METHODS
Research Methods
3. Historical Method
It is used to determine the growth and development of
a group, organization or institution. The description is
based on information about some past aspects of the
group or organization.
4. Content Analysis
It is usually used when the intention of the researcher
is to ascertain the quality of information found in a
document or in mass media.
 RESEARCH AS A SCIENTIFIC
Research Methods METHOD
Research as a scientific method, involves a systematic way
of gaining knowledge or the process of testing ideas to see if
an idea holds true in a given situation or under controlled
conditions.
1. Identification of a problem
2. Formulation of hypotheses
3. Data collection
4. Data analysis
5.Drawing of conclusion
 The Research Process
Identification and Definition of a Research Problem

Statement of Problem / Theoretical / Conceptual Operational Definition of

Objectives Framework Formulation Variables

Hypothesis Formulation

Choosing Appropriate Research Design

Identification of Target Population and Sampling

 DATA COLLECTION

Preparation of Reliability Testing Questionnaire Quality

Research and Interview, Testing Control
Instrument Validation Observation

DATA PROCESSING
(Editing, Coding, Encoding, Creation of Data Files Tabulation)

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

(Statistical Analysis, Interpretation, Generalization)

REPORT PREPARATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION