7 Major Elements of Communication Process
7 Major Elements of Communication Process
Communication Process
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(1) Sender:
The person who intends to convey the message with the
intention of passing information and ideas to others is known
as sender or communicator.
(2) Ideas:
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(3) Encoding:
Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and
intangible, its further passing requires use of certain
symbols such as words, actions or pictures etc. Conversion
of subject matter into these symbols is the process of
encoding.
(5) Receiver:
Receiver is the person who receives the message or for
whom the message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries
to understand the message in the best possible manner in
achieving the desired objectives.
(6) Decoding:
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(7) Feedback:
Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has
received the message and understood in the same sense as
sender meant it.
Communication is the process of sending and
receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means,
including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical
representations (such as infographics, maps, and charts);
and signs, signals, and behavior. More simply, communication is said
to be "the creation and exchange of meaning."
Components of Communication
To break it down, in any communication there is a sender and a
receiver, a message, and interpretations of meaning on both ends. The
receiver gives feedback to the sender of the message, both during the
message's conveyance and afterward. Feedback signals can be verbal
or nonverbal, such as nodding in agreement or looking away and
sighing or other myriad gestures.
There's also the context of the message, the environment it's given in,
and potential for interference during its sending or receipt.
If the receiver can see the sender, he or she can obtain not only the
message's contents but also nonverbal communication that the sender
is giving off, from confidence to nervousness, professionalism to
flippancy. If the receiver can hear the sender, he or she can also pick
up cues from the sender's tone of voice, such as emphasis and
emotion.
Rhetorical Communication—The Written Form
Another thing that sets humans apart from their animal cohabiters is
our use of writing as a means of communication, which has been a
part of the human experience for more than 5,000 years. In fact, the
first essay — coincidentally about speaking effectively — is estimated
to be from around the year 3,000 B.C., originating in Egypt, though it
wasn't until much later that the general population was
considered literate.
Through time this reliance has only grown, especially in the Internet
age. Now, written or rhetorical communication is one of the favored
and primary means of talking to one another — be it an instant
message or a text, a Facebook post or a tweet.
There’s a bit of a debate about the Linear Communication model and how it
recognizes (or doesn’t recognize) the concept of feedback. The linear
model’s behavior is belied by its name, where a sender encodes a message
via a channel and the message is decoded by the receiver. It is straight-line
communication found typically in mass communication; think television,
radio, newspapers, etc. According to this model, there is no means for
immediate feedback.
The Linear Communication Model
Shannon and Weaver were the first to present the Linear Model of
Communication in 1949′s The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
We’re going to discuss more about these two in our imminent Theories of
Communication article. Suffice to say that this theory has become less
relevant in inverse proportion to the advances of communication
technology, specifically non-linear forms of electronic communication where
it’s not always clear who is the sender and who is the receiver.