DPM 4

A to E

A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Decadent /ˈdɛkəd(ə)nt/
[Adjective] characterized by or reflecting a state of moral or cultural decline.
Usage – History tells us that decadent cultures will always fall into ruin.
[Noun] a person who is luxuriously self-indulgent.
Usage – For a hefty sum, the tour guide offers rich decadents an exclusive safari.
Origin - mid 19th century: from French decadent, from medieval Latin decadentia– decay.

Dearth /dəːθ/
[Noun] a scarcity or lack of something.
Usage – He was given bail for dearth of evidence.
Origin – Middle English derthe – from ‘dear’ - Old English dēore, of Germanic origin; related to
Dutch dier ‘beloved’, also to Dutch duur and German teuer ‘expensive’ + -th; (forming nouns
from verbs) denoting action/process, (forming nouns from adjectuves) denoting a state

Debilitate /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/
[Verb] 1) make (someone) very weak and infirm.
2) hinder, delay or weaken.
Usage 1) – The fever left him severely debilitated.
Usage 2) – Lack of resources destroy and debilitate communities.
Origin - mid 16th century: from Latin debilitat- ‘weakened’, from the verb debilitare – to weaken.

Diaspora /dʌɪˈasp(ə)rə/
[Noun] 1) the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.
2) the dispersion or spread of any people from their original homeland.
3) people who have spread or been dispersed from their homeland.
Usage 2) – There has been a diaspora of many indigenous communities because of global
terrorism.
Usage 3) – The Indian diaspora is the largest in the world.
Origin – from Greekdiaspeirein ‘disperse’, from dia ‘across’ + speirein ‘scatter’.

Digress /dʌɪˈɡrɛs/
[Verb] leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Usage – This book is a tedious read as it digresses too often.
Origin - early 16th century: from Latin digress- ‘stepped away’, from the verb digredi, from di-
‘aside’ + gradi ‘to walk’.

Docile /ˈdəʊsʌɪl/
[Adjective] ready to accept control or instruction; submissive.
Usage – The spread of Capitalism requires a cheap and docile workforce.
Origin – late 15th century (in the sense ‘apt or willing to learn’): from Latin docilis, from
docere‘teach’.

Dionysiac /ˌdʌɪəˈnɪzɪak/
[Adjective] Dionysian
1) Relating to the Greek god Dionysus.
2) Realting to the sensual, spontaneous and emotional aspects of human nature.
Usage 2) – The movie had a dark, Dionysian background score.
Origin – From the name of the Greek god Dionysus. God of fertility of nature, associated with
wild and ecstatic religious rites, in later traditions he is a god of wine who loosens inhibitions and
inspires creativity in music and poetry.

Death knell
[Noun] the tolling of a bell to mark someone’s death.
[Figurative] used to refer to the imminent destruction or failure of something.
Usage – the pandemic may sound the death knell for world economy.

Dig in one’s heels (or toes or feet)

[Phrase] resist stubbornly; refuse to give in.
Usage – public officials dug their heels in on certain points of the new policy.

Sword of Damocles
[Phrase] used to refer to an extremely precarious situation.
Usage – He remained unemployed as his criminal record hung over his head like the sword of
Damocles.
Origin – Based on the name of a courtier of Dionysius I, ruler of Syracuse. Damocles
extravagantly praised the happiness of Dionysius at a gathering. To show him how precarious
this happiness was, Dionysius seated him at a banquet with a sword hung by a single hair over
his head.
B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1:
https://thewire.in/the-arts/satish-gujral-obituary

This is a moving and illuminating obituary of the renowned artist, Satish Gujral by the acclaimed
poet and writer, Ranjit Hoskote. It provides a glimpse into the fascinating life and works of Gujral
— from birth in pre-Partition West Punjab to moving to Bombay in 1944 to enrol in JJ School of
Art to his family’s migration to Delhi in 1947 and his own travels to Mexico and all over the world
and so on. It contains a knowledgeable commentary of the glorious oeuvre of this ‘border-crossing
visionary’.
Article 2:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/opinion/coronavirus-face-mask.html

This article on a topical theme investigates the conundrum of how the one of the world’s mightiest
nations, USA, is running out of protective gear, even the humble 75-cent maskin fighting COVID-
19.Th author believes the answer involves a very ‘American set of capitalist pathologies’ — the
lure of low-cost overseas manufacturing, and a strategic failure, at the national level and in the
health care industry, to consider seriously the cascading vulnerabilities that flowed from the
incentives to reduce costs.

Article 3:
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/chinas-zero-the-hindu-editorial-on-chinas-lead-in-
containing-coronavirus/article31136886.ece
SUMMARY
In a remarkable turnaround, China had zero cases of novel coronavirus including in Wuhan, the
epicentre of the epidemic. At the peak of the epidemic, mainland China reported thousands of
fresh cases and hundreds of deaths each day before the total number reached 81,054 which is
nearly 26% of the global case load of 3,16,659.
The total mortality from coronavirus disease in mainland China stands at 3,237, which is less than
the deaths reported from Italy The turnaround in China comes at a time when the virus is galloping
in Europe and is spreading in the U.S. Shutting down Wuhan and a few other cities on January
23 and many more in the following days placed nearly 60 million in China in lockdown.
Article 4:
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/national-health-policy-2017-a-road-map-for-
health/article17521458.ece
SUMMARY
The National Health Policy 2017, which the Centre announced this week after a nudge from the
Supreme Court last year, faces the challenging task of ensuring affordable, quality medical care
to every citizen. With a fifth of the world's disease burden, a growing incidence of non-
communicable diseases such as diabetes, and poor financial arrangements to pay for care, India
brings up the rear among the BRICS countries in health sector performance. Against such a
laggardly record, the policy now offers an opportunity to systematically rectify well-known
deficiencies through a stronger National Health Mission. For the new policy to start on a firm
footing, the Centre has to get robust health data, on the accurateness of which hinges the plan's
success.
Article 5:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/business/energy-environment/crude-oil-companies-
coronavirus.html

Summary- The use of gasoline and other fuels is dropping as Saudi Arabia and Russia increase
production, sending oil prices to their lowest level in a generation.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

THE SUCCESS of Rome’s empire—the republic was already an imperial power even before the
emperors—is obvious from its size and longevity. Its sophistication and apparent modernity
impress us, as do its legacies. Christianity began under Rome’s rule, and together with the Greco-
Roman culture of that empire, the Judeo-Christian tradition provides the main bedrock of Western
culture. Roman monuments still inspire awe, even in their ruined state. Woolf notes that if the
Pantheon or the Baths of Caracalla in Rome were still covered in their original marble and
decoration, they would rival the Taj Mahal in beauty as well as in sheer grandeur.
The bathhouse was one of the most sophisticated pieces of engineering ever created by the
Romans, and it is significant that so much ingenuity was devoted simply to make life more
comfortable. A society has to be wealthy to afford such luxury—and even small communities and
modest army bases had their public bathhouses, for this was not simply an indulgence for the
rich. The vast cost of the grand public entertainments and the amphitheaters and circuses built to
stage them is a similar indicator of priorities. The cruelty of gladiators and beast fights shock us
as something utterly alien to modern sensibilities, but the simple fact that a society could afford
to lavish money on such spectacles is a sign of its wealth. (Gladiators still make good box-office
material, and in Hollywood’s Rome, all roads still lead to the arena.) Modern analyses of samples
taken from the polar ice caps also appear to bring the Roman world close to our own, for we now
know that industrial activity during the first and second centuries AD generated levels of pollution
not seen again until the Industrial Revolution.
Rome—successful and sophisticated for a very long time (if also at times appallingly cruel)—
offers a dream of power and success. Roman symbols—the eagle, wide and straight roads,
columns and triumphal arches, laurel wreaths, the title of caesar or kaiser or tsar, and the fasces
that gave their name to Mussolini’s party—have often been invoked by ambitious leaders and
states. Eighteenth-century education drew heavily on the classical past, and America’s Founding
Fathers looked to Roman models as they sought to craft a better version of Rome’s republic that
would not decay into monarchy. For Rome had suffered several serious crises during its long
history, and the one that tore its republic apart in political violence and civil war was so grim that
by the end many Romans were eager to accept the rule of an emperor instead of elected
magistrates as long as it brought peace.
The empire flourished in the first two centuries AD, the period when the vast majority of its great
monuments were built. It also survived subsequent crises, but ultimately it still collapsed. The
dream of Rome’s success cannot avoid the nightmare of its fall—or almost inevitably its “decline
and fall,” for the title of Edward Gibbon’s great work is firmly established in our minds. Whether
called the Dark Ages or the early medieval period, the world that followed was a lot less
sophisticated. The lesson appears to be that progress is not inevitable and success rarely
permanent. Yet that has not stopped successive generations from looking to Rome in the hope
of matching its success and avoiding its failure.
1- The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following
statements about Rome?
A- We now understand that the Roman civilisation was probably the first to contribute to
environmental pollution.
B- Rome spent more of its wealth in building bathhouses and amphitheaters than on
civic amenities.
C- Rome had no qualms in utilizing its wealth to the fullest advantage of the public.
D- Self-indulgence and entertainment gained precedence over administration and
industry.

2- According to the passage, which of the following is true of Rome’s story?

A- Rome was run by emperors before the Roman Catholic church took over.
B- Rome’s monuments would have testified to its greatness if only they had not been in
such a dilapidated condition.
C- The Roman empire has been the largest ever to exist in human history.
D- Civilisation in the era that followed the Roman was, in comparison, rudimentary.

3- It can be inferred from the passage that fasces

A- Has been recalled by eighteenth century scholars as a symbol of Roman
enlightenment.
B- Was used an emblem of authority by Mussolini’s party.
C- Was adopted by Mussolini’s party as a sign of its triumphant progress.
D- Was a cruel symbol of unchecked power.
D. Quantitative Aptitude

Q1. A man goes to a casino during his 3-day stay in Goa. On the first day, he doubles the money
he has and spend Rs.160. On the second day, he triples the money the money he has and spends
Rs. 130. On the third day, he quadruples the money he has and spends Rs. 200. If he is left with
twice as much money as he had at the beginning of the first day, how much money did he have
at the end of the first day?

Q2. The sum of the discount offered on an article and the profit made on it, is equal to twice the
excess of twice its marked price over thrice its cost price. Find the percentage by which the article
was marked above its cost price?
2
a. 40% b. 66 % c. 50% d. Either (a) or
3

(b)

Q3. Ajay and Bhuvan start simultaneously from M and N towards N and M respectively. After they
meet at P, Ajay increases his speed by 50% and returns to M, while Bhuvan decreases his speed
by 20% and returns to N. If Ajay takes 60 minutes for the entire journey, what is the time taken by
Bhuvan for the entire journey?

a. 45 minutes b. 96 minutes c. 81 minutes d. can’t be determined

Q4. A bag contains one-rupee coins, fifty-paise coins and ten-paise coins. The number of one-
rupee and half-rupee coins are in the ratio 2 : 5 and the fifty-paise and ten-paise coins are in the
ratio 4 : 9. If the total money in the bag is Rs.2,250, find the number of one-rupee coins.
a. 400 b. 1200 ` c. 1440 d. 800

Directions for questions 5 and 6: These questions are based on the following information.

Indian Airlines allows some free luggage. It charges for excess luggage at a fixed rate per kg.
Two passengers, Mohan and Sohan had 50 kg of luggage between them. They were charged
Rs.2800 and Rs.1400 respectively for excess luggage. If the entire luggage belonged to one of
them, the excess luggage charge would have been Rs.5600.
Q5. Find the weight of Mohan’s luggage? (in kg)

Q6. Find the Free Luggage Allowance? (in kg)

Q7. A polygon has each of its sides parallel to either the x-axis or the y-axis. If the internal angle
at any of its vertices is 90°, that vertex is said to be convex. If the internal angle at any of its
vertices is 270°, that vertex is said to be concave. If one such polygon is known to have 24 convex
vertices, how many concave vertices would it have?

a. 20 b. 16 c. 12 d. 24
Q8. x is the product of four consecutive even natural numbers. If y = 16 + x, y/16 must be _____
I. Odd
II. Prime
III. A perfect square

a. I and II only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I only

Q9. N is a 12-digit number. S(N) denotes the sum of its digits. If 1000000000000 = N + S(N) and
the sum of the last two digits of N is 15, find its unit digit.

a. 9 b. 8 c. 7 d. 6

Q10. Find the range of the values of x satisfying 𝑙𝑜𝑔0.4 (𝑥 − 2) < 𝑙𝑜𝑔0.16 (𝑥 − 2)
a. (3, ∞) b. (2, ∞) c. (2,3) d. None of these
E. Data Interpretation – 1 Set

Directions for questions 1 to 4: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given
below:

The following table gives the marks scored by four students - Anand, Balu, Chetan and Deepak
in the three areas - Verbal, Quant and Reasoning of a mock CAT paper. The four students are
disguised in the tables as A, B, C and D in no particular order.

Student  A B C D
Section

Verbal 24 41 40 27
Quant 34 36 35 32
Reasoning 36 31 36 32

It is also known that, in reasoning, none of the other three students scored more than Chetan.
Balu's total score in the three sections differs from that of Anand's by 3 marks.

Q1. What can be said regarding the following two statements?

Statement 1: Deepak scored the lowest marks in the reasoning section.

Statement 2: Anand's total score in the three sections is more than that of Deepak.
A. If statement 1 is true, then statement 2 is necessarily true.
B. If statement 1 is true, then statement 2 is necessarily false.
C. Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
D. Neither statement 1 nor statement 2 iş true.

Q2. What can be said regarding the following two statements?

Statement 1: Balu's lowest score is in the reasoning section.
Statement 2: Anand's lowest score is in the quantitative section.

A. if statement 2 is true, then statement 1 is necessarily false.

B. if statement 1 is false, then statement 2 is necessarily true.
C. if statement 1 is true, then statement 2 is necessarily true.
D. None of the above.
Q3. What can be said regarding the following two statements?
Statement 1: Anand had the highest score in the verbal section.
Statement 2: Balu had the highest score in the quant section.

A. Both the statements could be true

B. At least one of the statements must be true.
C. At most one of the statements must be true.
D. None of the above

Q4. If Deepak got his lowest score in the verbal section, then which of the following is true?

A. Chetan's lowest score is in the reasoning section.

B. Chetan's lowest score is in the quant section.
C. Chetan's lowest score is in the verbal section.
D. No definite conclusion is possible.