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a-introduction

CE 2060 Geology and Soil Mechanics is a course focused on geotechnical engineering, covering the relationship between soil, rock, and underground water in engineering projects. The course includes topics such as soil formation, properties, permeability, stress distribution, and consolidation, with an emphasis on practical applications and problem-solving in soil mechanics. Assessment includes quizzes, assignments, and an end semester exam, with a minimum passing mark of 40.

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2 views

a-introduction

CE 2060 Geology and Soil Mechanics is a course focused on geotechnical engineering, covering the relationship between soil, rock, and underground water in engineering projects. The course includes topics such as soil formation, properties, permeability, stress distribution, and consolidation, with an emphasis on practical applications and problem-solving in soil mechanics. Assessment includes quizzes, assignments, and an end semester exam, with a minimum passing mark of 40.

Uploaded by

chandra chandu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 2060 Geology and Soil Mechanics

Instructors:
Dr. T. Thyagaraj
Dr. Vidyabushan Maji
Geotechnical engineering
is the branch of civil
engineering that deals with
soil, rock and underground
water, and their relation to
the design, construction,
and operation of
engineering projects.

The combined efforts of


these two professions
is sometimes called
geotechnics.
Karl Terzaghi (1883-1963)
• Born in Prague, which was
then part of Austria.

• His undergraduate degree


was in Mechanical
Engineering and later earned
a doctorate based on his
work in reinforced concrete
design.

• Terzaghi wrote the first


comprehensive book on soil
mechanics in 1925 titled
“Erdbaumechanik auf
Bodenphysikalischer
Grundlage” (German for The
Mechanics of Earth
Construction Based on Soil
Physics).
In his practice civil engineer
has many diverse and
important encounters with
soils!
He uses soil as a foundation
to support structures and
embankments
He uses soil as a construction
material
He must design structures to retain
soils from excavations and underground
openings
He encounters soil in a
number of special
problems
Liquefaction failures
Piping failure
Design of Geotechnical
structures
Foundations
1. How deep into the soil should the
building be placed?
2. Would the excavation have to be
enclosed by a wall during
construction to prevent cave-ins of
soil?
3. Would it be necessary to lower the
water table in order to excavate and
construct the foundation?
4. Is there a danger of damage to
adjacent buildings?
5. How much would the completed
building settle and would it
settle uniformly?

This building in Mexico has settled 3.6 m without damage!


6. For what stresses and what stress
distribution should the foundation of
the building be designed?

Stress Distribution in soils


Embankment on soft soil

Earth Embankment

Soft soil
Embankment on soft soil
1. How high a fill could be placed?
2. How fast could the fill be placed?
3. What would be the maximum
slopes for the fill?
4. Could the fill be placed without
employing special techniques to
contain or drain the soft
foundation soils?
5. How much would the fill settle
and how long the settlement
continue?
Superstructure

?
Falling Tower of Pisa

In 1965
Few years back it was set-right under the guidance of
Prof. John Burland from Imperial College (London)

Now!
Solution to Soil engineering
problem
• Knowledge of soil mechanics
• Knowledge of engineering geology
• Economics
• Engineering judgment
Virtually every structure is
supported by soil or rock. Those
that aren’t either fly, float, or
fall over.
Richard L. Handy (1995)
Course outline
Sl. Topic No. of
No lectures
1 Introduction 1
2 Origin and formation of soils 2
3 Solids-water-air void relationships, Soil grain and aggregate
properties, Index properties including consistency limits and 6
grain size distribution, Identification and classification of soils
4 Clay mineralogy 2
5 Permeability of soils 3
6 Effective stress, Seepage forces and quick sand phenomenon;
4
Capillarity of soils
7 Seepage through soil including flow net diagrams 4
8 Stress distribution in soils 3
9 Compaction of soils 2
10 Consolidation of soils, Consolidation theory, Stress history and
8
settlement in soils
Text Books
Gopal Ranjan and Rao (1991). “Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics.”
Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.

Reference Books
Robert D. Holtz and William D. Kovacs (1981). “An Introduction to
Geotechnical Engineering.” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey.
Craig, R. F. (2001). “Soil Mechanics.” Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Ltd., Berkshire, UK.
. . . in engineering practice,
difficulties with soils are almost
exclusively due not to the soils
themselves but to the water
contained in their voids. On a planet
without any water there would be
no need for soil mechanics.
Karl Terzaghi, 1939
Soil aggregate properties-
Three Phases in Soils
S : Solid Soil particle
W: Liquid Water (electrolytes)
A: Air Air
Soil grain properties
Particle size & shape

Coarse- Subrounded
Rounded Generally
grained soils
formed by
mechanical
weathering

Subangular Angular

Important for granular soils


 Angular soil particle  higher friction
 Round soil particle  lower friction
Grain Size Distribution

•Experiment
Coarse-grained soils: Fine-grained soils:
Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Sieve analysis Hydrometer analysis


GSD
Atterberg’s limits
Liquid limit: Cone Penetrometer
Method
Permeability and Seepage
Stress Distribution in soils
Compaction of soils
Consolidation theory
Shear strength of soils
Assessment
Quiz-1 : 15 marks
Quiz-2 : 15 marks
Surprise Quizzes: 10 marks
Assignments : 10 marks
End semester : 50 marks

Minimum pass marks : 40 marks


Thank you

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