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Information System Lecture6

The document discusses the challenges of managing data in traditional file environments, highlighting issues like data redundancy and inconsistency. It emphasizes the advantages of Database Management Systems (DBMS), particularly relational DBMS, which centralize data management and improve data accessibility and security. Key operations of a relational DBMS, such as SELECT, JOIN, and PROJECT, are also outlined, along with their capabilities for querying and reporting.

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15 views18 pages

Information System Lecture6

The document discusses the challenges of managing data in traditional file environments, highlighting issues like data redundancy and inconsistency. It emphasizes the advantages of Database Management Systems (DBMS), particularly relational DBMS, which centralize data management and improve data accessibility and security. Key operations of a relational DBMS, such as SELECT, JOIN, and PROJECT, are also outlined, along with their capabilities for querying and reporting.

Uploaded by

pcmy32006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foundations of Information Systems

IS101
competitive
forces
Business Intelligence: Databases &
value chain
Information Management (part 1)
value web

By
Dr. Nora Shoaip
Lecture 6

Damanhour University
Faculty of Computers & Information Sciences
Department of Information Systems

2024- 2025
Outline
► What are the problems of managing data resources in a traditional
file environment?
► What are the major capabilities of database management systems
(D B M S), and why is a relational DBMS so powerful?

2
Problem
► Large volumes of data in isolated databases
► Outdated data management technology

Illustrates the importance of data management for better


decision making and customer analysis

3
File Organization Terms and Concepts
► Database: Group of related files
► File: Group of records of same type
► Record: Group of related fields
► Field: Group of characters as word(s) or number(s)
► Entity: Person, place, thing on which we store information
► Attribute: Each characteristic, or quality, describing entity
The Data Hierarchy
Problems with the Traditional File Environment
► Files maintained separately by different departments
► Data redundancy
► Data inconsistency
► Program-data dependence
► Lack of flexibility
► Poor security
► Lack of data sharing and availability
Traditional File Processing
Database Management Systems
Database
► Serves many applications by centralizing data and controlling
redundant data
Database management system (DBMS)
► Interfaces between applications and physical data files
► Separates logical and physical views of data
► Solves problems of traditional file environment
► Controls redundancy
► Eliminates inconsistency
► Uncouples programs and data
► Enables organization to centrally manage data and data
► security
Human Resources Database with Multiple Views
Relational DBMS
► Represent data as two-dimensional tables
► Each table contains data on entity and attributes
► Table: grid of columns and rows
– Rows (tuples): Records for different entities
– Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity
– Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record
– Primary key: Field in table used for key fields
– Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as
lookup field to identify records from original table
Relational Database Tables
Operations of a Relational DBMS
Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data
► SELECT
Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated
criteria
► JOIN
Combines relational tables to provide user with more
information than available in individual tables
► PROJECT
Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables
with only the information specified
The Three Basic Operations of a Relational DBMS
Capabilities of Database Management Systems
► Data definition capability
► Data dictionary
► Querying and reporting
► Data manipulation language
 Structured Query Language (SQL)
► Many DBM Shave report generation capabilities for
creating polished reports (Microsoft Access)
Access Data Dictionary Features
Example of an S Q LQuery
An Access Query
References

 Kenneth, C., & Jane, P. (2012). Management Information


Systems MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM TWELFTH
EDITION. pearson.
 Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2015). Essentials of
management information systems. Pearson.
 Reynolds, G., & Stair, R. (2010). Principles of Information
Systems: a managerial approach. Cengage Learning.
18

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