Tiếng Anh lớp lớp 12 Năm học: 2024-2025

Chuyên đề 13: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

Type 1: Real conditional sentences (câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
Situation If Clause Main Clause
1. Future possible If + S + V(simple present) S + will/ can/ may + V
(có thể xảy ra ở tương lai) Ex: If I have the money, I will be a new car.
2. Habitual (thói quen) If + S + V (simple present) S + V (simple present)
Ex: If Ann has enough time, she usually walks to school
3. Command If + S + V (simple present) Command form
(câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu) Ex : If you hear from Bill, please call me.

Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
If Clause Main Clause
If + S + V-simple past (be were) S + would/ could/ should/ might + V
Ex: I don’t have free time, so we can’t go to the beach with you
 If I had time, I could go to the beach with you

Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
If Clause Main Clause
If + S + V(past perfect) S + would/ could/ should/ might + have + (V3/ed)
Had + V3/Ved
Ex: I didn’t know that you were there, so I didn’t write you a letter.
 If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.

DẠNG ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN.

I. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/ can + V + ...
Ex. If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.
 Should he study hard, he will pass the exam.
II. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2:
1. Đối với động từ “TO BE”:
Were + S + ... S + would/ could/ should/ might + V + ...
Ex. If I were you, I would not buy that house.
 Were I you, I would not buy that house.
2. Đối với động từ thường:
Were + S + to V +..., S + would/ could/ should/ might + V + ...
Ex. If I had enough money, I would buy a new house.
 Were I to have enough money, I would buy a new house.

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III. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:
1. Khẳng định:
Had + S + V3/ed +..., S + would/ could/ should/ might + have + V3/ed + ...
Ex. If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
2. Phủ định:
Had + S + not + V3/ed +..., S + would/ could/ should/ might + have + V3/ed + ...
Ex: If she hadn’t studied hard, she would have failed the exam.
 Had she not studied hard, she would have failed the exam.
 Notes (Chú ý):
1. Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
Ex: You could make better progress if you attended class regularly.
2. Unless = If …not
Ex: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
3. Without + N = There …no + N
Ex: Without water, life wouldn’t exist. = If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
4. Command (mệnh lệnh) + or + Clause : dùng If loại 1
Ex: Go away or I will call the police. → If you don’t go away, I will call the police.
Be careful or you will wake the baby up.
=> If you aren’t careful, you will wake the baby up.
5. Câu điều kiện kết hợp loại 2 và loại 3 (Thường có trạng từ đi theo, nếu không phải dịch
theo ngữ cảnh trước sau của sự việc)
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
2. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning
 Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề If chia động từ ở loại 3, mệnh đề chính chia động từ ở loại 2
Conditional sentence type I
1. If I see him, I (give) _________________ him a lift.
2. The table will collapse if you (stand) _________________ on it.
3. If he (eat) _________________ all cakes, that he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport, I (telephone) _________________ you at once.
5. The police (arrest) _________________ him if they catch him.
6. If he (read) _________________ in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.
7. Someone (steal) _________________ your car if you leave it unlocked.
8. If he (wash) _________________ my car, I'll give him 10 dollars.
9. If you (not, go) _________________ away, I'll send for the police.
10. I'll be very angry if he (make) _________________ any more mistakes.
11. If he (be) _________________ late, we'll go without him.
12. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) _________________ about this.

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13. If you give my dog a bone, he (bury) _________________ it at once.
14. If we leave the car here, it (not, be) _________________ in anybody's way.
15. He'll be late for the train if he (not, start) _________________ at once.
16. If you come late, they (not, let) _________________ you in.
17. If he (go) _________________ on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.
18. We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) _________________ any higher.
19. If you will kindly sit down, I (make) _________________ enquiries for you.
20. She won't open the door if she (not, know) _________________ who it is.
Conditional sentence type II
1. If I had a typewriter, I (type) _________________ it myself.
2. If I (know) _________________ his address, I'd give it to you.
3. He (look) _________________ a lot better if he shaved more often.
4. If he worked more slowly, he (not, make) _________________ so many mistakes.
5. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) _________________ you.
6. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) _________________ a better climate.
7. I (buy) _________________ shares in that company if I had some money.
8. If he (clean) _________________ his windscreen, he'd be able to see where he was going.
9. If you (not, belong) _________________ to a union you couldn't get a job.
10. If I (win) _________________ a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
11. If everybody (give) _________________ 1 dollar, we would have enough.
12. He might get fat if he (stop) _________________ smoking.
13. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come) _________________.
14. I (be) _________________ ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
15. I could get a job easily if I (have) _________________ a degree.
16. If she (do) _________________ her hair differently, she might look quite nice.
17. If we had more rain our crops (grow) _________________ faster.
18. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) _________________ that screw.
19. I (keep) _________________ a horse if I could afford it. '
20. I'd go and see him more often if he (live) _________________ on a bus route.
Conditional sentence type III
1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) _________________ you.
2. If you (arrive) _________________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
3. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) _________________ here last week.
4. If he had slipped, he (fall) _________________ 500 metres.
5. If I (have) _________________ a map, I would have been all right.
6. If I (know) _________________ that you were coming, I'd have baked a cake.
7. I (offer) _________________ to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
8. If I (realize) ____________ what a bad driver you were, I wouldn't have come with you.
9. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I (stop) _________________.

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10. If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I (not, lend) ___________ him the money.
11. The hens (not, get) _________________ into the house if you had shut the door.
12. If he had known that the river was dangerous, he (not, try) _________ to swim across it.
13. If you (speak) _________________ more slowly, he might have understood you.
14. If he had known the whole story, he (not, be) _________________ so angry.
15. I shouldn't have eaten it if I (know) _________________ that there was ginger in it.
16. If I (try) _________________ again I think that I would have succeeded.
17. You (not get) _________________ into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
18. If you hadn't been in such a hurry, you (not, put)___________ sugar into the sauce instead
of salt.
19. If I (be) _________________ ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
20. If she had listened to my directions, she (not, turn) _____________ down the wrong street.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete these following sentences.
1. They _______ angry if you didn’t visit them.
A. would be B. should be C. would D. should
2. What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?
A. win B. won C. had won D. will win
3. What will happen if the air _______?
A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted
4. He wouldn’t have had an accident if he _______ more carefully.
A. drives B. drove C. had driven D. was driving
5. If you _______ better last night, you wouldn’t have been so tired.
A. sleep B. had slept C. was sleeping D. slept
6. If I had noticed him, I _______ hello to him.
A. say B. said C. would say D. would have said
7. If he _______ with us now, he _______ the beauty of the nature of the National Park.
A. is / can enjoy B. was/ will enjoy C. had/would enjoyed D. were/ could enjoy
8. Would you mind if I _______ in the room?
A. smoke B. smoked C. would smoke D. had smoked
9. If I _______ so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been
10. You’d earn more money if you _______ more products.
A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell
11. _______ for work early, he could have caught the bus.
A. If Peter left B. Peter left C. Had Peter left D. If had Peter left
12. Jane _______ in such a trouble if she had been more carefully when typing the contract.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. won’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

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13. If I_______ his address, I would give it to you.
A know B. would known C. knew D. had known
14. If you had seen the film, you_______ it.
A. will enjoy B. would have enjoyed C. would enjoy D. enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she_______ the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had
16. If he had been more careful, he _______ an accident.
A. would not have had B. will not have
C. does not have D. would not have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there _______ any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not have been
18. What would you do if he_______ tomorrow?
A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to resign
19. I’ll do it if he_______ me.
A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
20. If you_______ for the car, we’d be able to sell it.
A. look B. looks C. looked D. had looked
21. If you_______ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
22. I shouldn’t go there at night if I _______ you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
23. If I _______ get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
24. If you had the chance, _______you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
25. If you _______ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
26. Trees won’t grow_______ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
27. _______ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. if B. had C. should D. would
28. If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he _______ in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. wouldn’t have failed D. won’t fail
29. If I had taken that English course, I_______ much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make
30. If I were in your place, I _______ a trip to England.
A. will make B. had made C. would make D. made
31. You _______disappointed if there _______ no snow for this winter holiday?
A. Would be / was B. will be / is C. will be / are D. could be / is

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32. If she _______ yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.
A. finished it B. finishes it C. had finished it D. has finished it
33. If your father weren’t the president of the company, you _______ here.
A. don’t work B. won’t work C. wouldn’t be working D. wouldn’t have worked
34. If I _______ for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office.
A. wasn't working B. worked C. hadn't worked D. weren't working
35. What would you have done if you _______ a lot of money?
A. had B. will C. had had D. have had
36. If we had known that you were there, we_______ you a letter.
A. would write B. would have write C. would have written D. had
written
37. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we _______ here.
A. wouldn't stop B. wouldn't have stopped
C. would have stopped D. would stop
38. “Did he study yesterday?” “No, but if he ____ he would have done better on today’s test.”
A. had B. has C. will study D. had done
39. My sister _______ you the technique of weaving if you ask her.
A. would show B. shows C. will show D. showed
40. She would be happy if we _______ her a bunch of flowers.
A. had sent B. sent C. would send D. send
41. If you don’t feel well, you_______ better take a rest.
A. are B. would C. had D. have
42. What would you have done if you _______ a lot of money?
A. had B. had had C. have had D. have
43. The movie was sad and she wept. If it_______ sad, she_______.
A. hadn’t been/ wouldn’t have wept B. wasn’t/ wouldn’t weep
C. wasn’t/ would weep D. had been/ would have wept
44. I’ll be very disappointed if you _______the exam.
A. don’t pass B. won’t pass C. aren’t passing D. wouldn’t pass
45. If he _______ harder, the results would be better.
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked
46. If I had had free time, I _______ shopping.
A. would have gone B. can go C. will go D. will have gone
47. _______ if you take the map with you.
A. You will get lost B. You won’t get lost C. You get lost D. You got lost
48. If you had come to the party, you _______ her.
A. would meet B. had met C. would have met D. met
49. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I _______ to bed now.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. would go

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50. If I were you, I _______ that shirt. It’s much too expensive.
A. won’t buy B. don’t buy C. am not going to buy D. wouldn’t buy
51. I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I _______ so tired .
A. wasn’t B. weren’t C. wouldn’t have been D. hadn’t been
52. "Did he lose?" "Yes, but if he had tried harder, he_______ won."
A. might B. might have C. might of D. might has
53. What will I do if no one _______ me at the airport?
A. meet B. will meet C. meets D. met
54. Jean gets very agitated if her daughter _______ her once a week.
A. doesn't ring B. didn't ring C. not ring D. don't ring
55. If you _______ any money, I’d give you some.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t have
56. If I _______ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been
57. I would have said "good bye" to your brother if he_______ there.
A. could be B. had been C. will be D. will have been
58. If he_______ up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
59. I would tell you more about it if we _______ more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had
60. The hens_______ into the house if you had shut the door.
A. couldn’t get B. couldn’t have got C. will not get D. doesn’t get
61. If I _______ a lot of money now, I _______ a new car.
A. have /will buy B. have / would buy C. had/ will buy D. had/ would buy.
62. If I _______ you, I _______ do that.
A. am/ will B. were /would C. were/ will D. had been/ would.
63. If I were offered the job, I think I _______ it.
A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken.
64. I would be very surprised if he_______.
A. refuses B. refused C. had refused D. would refuse.
65. Many people would be out of work if that factory_______ down.
A. closes B. had closed C. closed D. would close.
66. If she sold her car, she _______ much money.
A. gets B. would get C. will get D. would have got.
67. They would be disappointed if we_______.
A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come D. didn’t come.
68. Would John be angry if I _______ his bicycle without asking?
A. take B. took C. had taken D. would take.
69. She _______ terrible upset if I lost this ring.

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A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been.
70. If someone_______ in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
A. would walk B. walks C. had walked D. walked.
71. What would happen if you _______ to work tomorrow?
A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. won’t go D. wouldn’t go.
72. We‘ll get wet if we _______ out.
A. go B. did go C. went D. had gone.
73. If I go shopping, I _______ some food.
A. buy B. will buy C. would buy D. would have bought.
74. If I find it, I _______ you.
A. will tell B. would tell C. had told D. told.
75. What would you do if you_______ a million dollars?
A. would win B. win C. had won D. won.
76. They‘d be hurt if I _______.
A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. hadn’t gone D. wouldn’t go.
77. If we took the 6: 30 train, we_______ too early.
A. would have arrived B. arrived C. will arrived D. would arrive.
78. If I had known you were in hospital, I _______ to see you.
A. will go B. would go C. went D. would have gone.
79. If I _______, I would have said hello.
A. had seen B. see C. saw D. would see.
80. I_______ out if I hadn’t been so tired.
A. will go B. went C. would have gone D. would go.
81. If I _______ a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
A. have B. had C. would have D. had had.
82. You won’t pass the examination_______ you study more.
A. as long as B. unless C. if D. whether.
83. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he_______ in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. wouldn’t have failed. D. won’t fail.
84. If I had taken that English course, I _______ much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make.
85. If I were in your place, I _______ a trip to England.
A. will make B. had made C. made. D. would make.
86. If I _______ you, I’d save some of your lottery winning.
A. be B. were C. am D. was
87. If the car _______ larger, we would have bought it.
A. had been B. have been C. has been D. been
88. If I had enough money, I _______ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. should go C. would go D. should have go to

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89. If it _______ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.

A. be B. was C. were D. is
90. If you _______ time, please write to me.
A. have B. have had C. had D. has
91. If you had the chance, _______ you go finishing?
A. did B. would C. may D. do
92. Trees won’t grow _______there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
93. If you ____to my advice in the first place yesterday, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. had listened C. will listen D. listened
94. If Peter _______, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
A. comes B. do not come C. does not come D. will come
95. If you_______ Tom , tell him I have a message for him.
A. will meet B. would mee C. meet D. met
96. If you _______ too hot during the night , turn down the central heating.
A. will feel B. felt C. feel D. feels.
97. If you _______ with your dictionary, I’d like to borrow it.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. are finishing.
98. If I lived nearer the centre , I _______ always late.
A. wouldn’t be B. can be C. won’t be D. will be.
99. What would Lan do if she _______ the Miss world.
A. would be B. were C. will be D. is.
100. If it_______, they will not go out.
A. rains B. rained C. rain D. raining.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.
→ If you
_________________________________________________________________________
2. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
3. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
4. She is lazy, so she can’t pass the exam.

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→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t eat lunch, so I feel hungry now.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. I will come if they invite me.
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
7. He didn’t revise all his lessons, so he failed the exam.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
8. City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. She must apologize to me or I’ll never speak to her again.
→ I’ll
____________________________________________________________________________
11. She got married at such an early age, so she isn’t at university now.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
12. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
13. As she is often absent from class, so she can’t keep pace with her classmates.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
14. It’s very cold, so we can’t go swimming.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
15. You drink too much coffee; that’s why you can’t sleep.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________

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16. We don’t have a big house. We can’t invite friends to stay.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
17. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
18. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
19. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
20. The farmers didn’t have enough rain, so they could not grow rice.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
21. His friends were late, so they missed the train.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
22. You don’t ask the teacher. He won’t explain the lesson to you.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
23. I don’t visit you because you live so far away.

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→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
24. She can’t go to the party because I don’t invite her.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
25. Today is not Sunday, so we can’t go swimming.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
26. We take this job, so we earn a lot of money.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
27. Peter is fat because he eats a lot of chips.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
28. You don’t sleep under a mosquito net, so you are bitten so often.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
29. I can’t get a job easily because I don’t have a degree.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
30. We don’t have much rain, so our crops don’t grow fast.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
31. We can’t save his life because we don’t find him early.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
32. He can’t be a medical student because he doesn’t try.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
33. He can’t get fat because he doesn’t stop smoking.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________

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→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
34. He doesn’t know that it is good for his health, so he doesn’t do.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
35. I don’t speak English, so my job isn’t easy.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
36. He doesn’t have enough money, so he doesn’t buy a house.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
37. I am not you, so I don’t tell the truth.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
38. He understands because we explain more.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. We are tired because we try to do that.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
40. I don’t take this job because I am not out of work now.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Were
__________________________________________________________________________
41. I didn’t talk to him because I didn’t know him.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
42. We didn’t have enough rain, so we could not grow rice.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
43. The newspaper didn’t print the story because it wasn’t true.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
44. John didn’t have money, so he couldn’t lend you some.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________

13
Tiếng Anh lớp lớp 12 Năm học: 2024-2025
→ Unless
_________________________________________________________________________
45. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad. (If 3)
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
46. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
47. I couldn’t do the test because it was too difficult.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
48. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
49. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
50. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped suddenly.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
51. I didn’t know that Lan had to get up early, so I didn’t wake her up.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
52. Mary was not injured in the crash because she was wearing the seat belt.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
53. I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have much money on me.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
54. I was working at the restaurant last night, so I didn’t wait on your table.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. Carol didn’t answer the phone because he was studying.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________

14
Tiếng Anh lớp lớp 12 Năm học: 2024-2025
56. She hates school, so she doesn’t study hard.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
57. I knew the answer, so I could tell him.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
58. He didn’t feel better because he didn’t do exercise more.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
→ Had
___________________________________________________________________________
59. She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________
60. He is very slow, so we won’t give him such an important task.
→ If
_____________________________________________________________________________

------------------------------------------------ THE END ------------------------------------------------

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