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Kemh 101

The document discusses various properties and examples of sets, including subset relationships and operations such as union and intersection. It provides exercises to determine subsets, validate statements about set membership, and demonstrate equivalences among set conditions. Additionally, it includes proofs showing relationships between sets and their elements.

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kalleshass414
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10 views1 page

Kemh 101

The document discusses various properties and examples of sets, including subset relationships and operations such as union and intersection. It provides exercises to determine subsets, validate statements about set membership, and demonstrate equivalences among set conditions. Additionally, it includes proofs showing relationships between sets and their elements.

Uploaded by

kalleshass414
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SETS 21

Let Y be the set of letters in “ TRACT”. Then


Y = { T, R, A, C, T } = { T, R, A, C }
Since every element in X is in Y and every element in Y is in X. It follows that X = Y.
Example 24 List all the subsets of the set { –1, 0, 1 }.
Solution Let A = { –1, 0, 1 }. The subset of A having no element is the empty
set φ. The subsets of A having one element are { –1 }, { 0 }, { 1 }. The subsets of
A having two elements are {–1, 0}, {–1, 1} ,{0, 1}. The subset of A having three
elements of A is A itself. So, all the subsets of A are φ, {–1}, {0}, {1}, {–1, 0}, {–1, 1},
{0, 1} and {–1, 0, 1}.
Example 25 Show that A ∪ B = A ∩ B implies A = B
Solution Let a ∈ A. Then a ∈ A ∪ B. Since A ∪ B = A ∩ B , a ∈ A ∩ B. So a ∈ B.
Therefore, A ⊂ B. Similarly, if b ∈ B, then b ∈ A ∪ B. Since
A ∪ B = A ∩ B, b ∈ A ∩ B. So, b ∈ A. Therefore, B ⊂ A. Thus, A = B
Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 1
1. Decide, among the following sets, which sets are subsets of one and another:
A = { x : x ∈ R and x satisfy x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 },
B = { 2, 4, 6 }, C = { 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . }, D = { 6 }.
2. In each of the following, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is
true, prove it. If it is false, give an example.
(i) If x ∈ A and A ∈ B , then x ∈ B
(ii) If A ⊂ B and B ∈ C , then A ∈ C
(iii) If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C , then A ⊂ C
(iv) If A ⊄ B and B ⊄ C , then A ⊄ C
(v) If x ∈ A and A ⊄ B , then x ∈ B
(vi) If A ⊂ B and x ∉ B , then x ∉ A
3. Let A, B, and C be the sets such that A ∪ B = A ∪ C and A ∩ B = A ∩ C. Show
that B = C.
4. Show that the following four conditions are equivalent :
(i) A ⊂ B(ii) A – B = φ (iii) A ∪ B = B (iv) A ∩ B = A
5. Show that if A ⊂ B, then C – B ⊂ C – A.
6. Show that for any sets A and B,
A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A – B ) and A ∪ ( B – A ) = ( A ∪ B )
7. Using properties of sets, show that
(i) A ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A (ii) A ∩ ( A ∪ B ) = A.
8. Show that A ∩ B = A ∩ C need not imply B = C.

2024-25

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