System Analysis and Design Methodologies
System Analysis and Design Methodologies
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGIES
1-2
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
1-3
The Seven Phases of the Systems
Development Life Cycle (Figure 1.1)
1-4
Systems Development Life Cycle
1-8
3. Analyzing System Needs
Activity:
Create data flow, activity, or sequence
diagrams
Complete the data dictionary
Analyze the structured decisions made
Prepare and present the system proposal
Output:
Recommendation on what, if anything, should
1-9
be done
4. Designing the Recommended
System
Activity:
Design procedures for data entry
Design the human-computer interface
Design system controls
Design database and/or files
Design backup procedures
Output
Model of the actual system
1-10
5. Developing and Documenting
Software
Activity:
System analyst works with programmers to develop
software
Works with users to develop effective documentation
Programmers design, code, and remove syntactical errors
from computer programs
Document software with help files, procedure manuals, and
Web sites with Frequently Asked Questions
Output:
Computer programs
1-11 System documentation
6. Testing and Maintaining the
System
Activity:
Test the information system
System maintenance
Maintenance documentation
Output:
Problems, if any
Updated programs
Documentation
1-12
7. Implementing and Evaluating the
System
Activity:
Train users
Analyst plans smooth conversion from old system to
new system
Review and evaluate system
Output:
Trained personnel
Installed system
1-13
The Impact of Maintenance
1-16
Object-Oriented (O-O) Systems
Analysis and Design
1-17
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Phases
Define the use case model:
Use case diagram
Use case scenarios
Create UML diagrams
Develop class diagrams
Draw state diagrams
Modify the UML diagrams
Develop and document the system
1-18
1-19
The Agile Approach
Agile manifesto, 2001
Individuals and interactions over processes
and tools
Working software over comprehensive
documentation
Customer collaboration over contract
negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
“That is, while there is value in the items on the right,
1-20 we value the items on the left more”
Four Agile Resources
1-21
Five Stages of Agile Development
Exploration
Planning
Iterations to the first release
Productionizing
Maintenance
1-22
Agile Project Development Process
(Figure 1.5)
1-23
Some methods of Agile Development
Scrum
Kanban
XP-Extreme Programming
…
1-24
Scrum meeting
1. Planning
2. Daily
3. Review
4. Retrospective
1-25
Group Discussion
❑ Group: 5 students; Time: 5 minutes.
26
Agile Project Development Process
1-27
Choosing a Method
Choose either:
SDLC
Agile
Object-oriented methodologies
1-28
Choosing a Method
Stacey matric
1-29
Some Researchers Estimate that the Amount of Time Spent on
Systems Maintenance May Be as Much as 60 Percent of the Total
Time Spent on Systems Projects (Figure 1.2)
1-31
Resource Consumption over the
System Life (Figure 1.3)
1-32