ONganic hasics

ouds:
Uosi cati'on
hain)
NH coNHa Acy cic, (open
aulphate
amnlnn

y a n s e

bondin wahe ed gane chem Anomabc

pot medn shape
(odghotiz n2enord

C=c is nest'ted because

estatin n
neleroyue ar
Wea hytro
baan

ersiy aweuabe to t e dtti ckine

adove and belgu He Pane Tsspone.
LACated
the loludig atoms.

Aructral Rephesentotion :
"Tuan otane ’ C3oH62
comp e th Pep
oLpo may or
n-¢--H
Gec- Butyl
conellnsed fosm

"boud ine fesm ’c,n wot uln

sbsttuled

"hasn-wedge eorver)
daat (auay fron nisile

seud wedge (Tous ads) T SOMER)SM:

hoa mode ’Bal and st

c on koot
’ spou ng
hyorony ud ketones.
enplained e t i e ize
eachaOm boeo
On vodswoals.Baius. X

JReachon melanm teu's us babeut e

 actuad t
. carboatign (aleo caled anbenimion) (He esonan ce
bita
tot any o, te. enonical a t .

E %actual
esngy Resena
canbanon (ag)
0slnanee
L distor ed
4etohedn Ressuance is patIlan mportent
sen te ordiauting a c t e r e
a mo e ugecben s
hawe
nucer
>tame n o wpared elactrns.
u+ & Pplaty pbduceol n He malale ley

cdjaen atom.

9n a heacton mlehanAn a ced

mnerent o cn ellctnon eas mHhe

nucoeptle to he eectspie
+E tect
" Elects meric etteet i also allld
polautabdity eyted

dt to pelantataon oacentt G-boud.

o
toee bends. jeha boud sit w a a t hega
Feaput
otta h hogo.
The euron itdraing er domating a ayg
tendeny deuded leyt n g w' as
Sudu tie and lectrlmeric
epea opp drectiom nctnere
coinales
C ’ 3 4 pe
c#120p
Resnanee;
"The Resanance stsu ctues (canouial
the attadea wnaatuated Syetm
ontisuting sta) e hypHetiiat
ad ndiiua y do nt nepeut ay
bi
They vttube to t e actal atouctwre
C o n o t b t c h n g ( - M
 aurlap stbiier the coabotion
thes tye

cange
dipaig te postio

bord, as peAsesstng
parta oie uas cue to ngonenet

tacke ypercjgatrow
 Hydso abans
Coal a,iu obtained by te destuctie
distiation e coal

duing illing eil wes.

alkaneA do not wodorgo
nitnoction and culohaton.

staig mat ter mangact HrO t SHI 3 t 2H,0

9odintnantakepace m
ALKANES: (Parayine)
" anbn ocom atta ded to
carbe odOm s aled punay Deig mompute obation o
akaneX tth msnnent anet
marihy paer aal nes. O2 casbn Black, is Gemed
" mehane -teend in manactue
" 9n Hdnogeotin
2 i , Pt, Pd catoyt

G o t ’ 75 semes. e,ed act at R"Temp.

Pettolem a d octunal G s ar tae Ornid^
>alcoee
aukae MO,0z

Kobes Suctho lys : hy for heren

casbn
scoo,Mns acid.
contagoleane. By Contouining
Jeeceregä 3aukane heac uoh kny.
u-H t, 200, +Ht 2 NaoH. u--OH.
anode catode .,

40meretian: ounh
n-nenane
HU.

Crs0s/_0s/Mo,o3
(Mean)
Sindstrial pmeparatm t
 euolvea He Pmin ape JRCacR'**
Pyeyhi.

this ia paaoised
deactivnaed
ancsa pastaly
otth eosens se
Paptoue Petene suphh comp Qunde euinoline gie
onsttuent
akenes. (indland's cata ny t)
aleshoc KOH eliminedes 'a
osd te tesnuelen aawh thet is uehyy Rae ' ' > j "
dstubed detó hatotn.
bt
wder
->Ahenos welergo aold dorgo
con ometimes
speua cong
free ra'caA Sibe
I-20k3/mol d e t o weak hepuls Ons
blwtte,
A NkR Add mehe

ot is ategga aud eipted s. called

kus onyermation.

teyellelar'aUC

Gmale and euen at orcisy a-u-4y-Br.

knet'e to vercoe &

couisens
t has not been possie to epak dtt
ontormational isoneers , eHant yet

ALENES eohins (oit Gonig)

A-cHasgoH.
lalod

gies an iy ciiud.nell
weake n- bend aks
aUkenee ntable n omposson to "Polyphopeis needastctorbagse oud
nenugature
mik Gates aer
wmoded a h l e s
L0ninal agei*

Gut
cs sonrérens (dl to dipe)
pt ) tens is (Racr)
ALKYNES AROM tiC HYDRO CARBONS
eAyne (Aceyleug) caled arenes ( ° e s s Peas at
oolow)
L»aed mahe welong
ber m oyacetylene t&me "fosn
tio2ewele hol'cated

" eacn chay tD Res oan ce

The ybrid
whyb p eHbitals to tnuctre two

Ovteibuting sthuctes
ntehmla aux. "There is egual pobaoility ter the
p-erb tak o eah coabQ to eerep
PQuiCine) oith tte ay p-6rbi'tel .fer n bgndp.
This ccn be gepheaented by dghnet

4The delocaited T-electh aud.

cud çee. elletr ceud ocased bw t e

Oen otms.
os Poesence e deloated T-eleckens
te hypbthèal yceheatèe.

folgaeyee des speuid

ordes ctiuty
d phenathene

elethodes in batt esus.

on cal tar
ale CH
CH
 BHC/a mmaane
(Berene heracaer

Ben eene and py nu cear ydhocasbas

containng nmone ean
rngs used togeher a e toic
cud cananegene prqps.

mataias liiee tobacco, cad, prdeum

ALwyL HALIDES Raciem with Lodn Hneraible
hloramplhiot (u contany antibiet) auinofo the icdise
pualh
HEO;) HI
Chleroguinone (synhtie halegn enpand) Swclruye
NH
NaNo t
273-28K
wntain fuwy oenated cempeunda
pettuia slooed subailtits. + N

OT +N
Phgdiat
pe
9Theonyt cheide -pngend Bhomae ineided p olo
whn
Gnng pne alyl beide.
ae
gao at eem tyo.
3°alueols -umely chaling
ee tu at ngem
tmp. intmeuen
(dipoe - fouo of atratin
n) owtant oling witn Her(487) clipole, Vun dur wealo) Canbon
holoopeundo. steng
q57. hophephnis id.
brncuing.
Mpt: P>0>m
dittiatt clanor
bctionef doute bend : 9Jpuale in H, o (E %g wied te
attraten blw moie to eon
cly, 4-bondo blwiuhalo allee meles beak
+ Maddisn cueing new
wene than tue E elensd
Cutractien)
Fincelettn
R-x + NaI ds,
oUtone RI + Nad/Br KCN RN ( mene ieni
both CNcen
ddente beceUee
KNO, R-o- NeodMhesn
in he te
failitat in RNo
forwerd pH
Swartz RR'
R-x + Agf SN 2nd oroln winets
RF + Ax SN

Electroph iie we auoho, auai aid)

C for mnaan slewtet tAeuenible a
pana i@n Tn both SN' SNeacavity
feds RIS RBr>R >R-F
 Clouie ’ dnbelt)
Ancicloue lauor -) ceplets one
Louio Poatlus (ie48) ’uytalo of Cayer.
utam y)eUoi
wwre mags CzHG
Cmy stalote ,wneiy nentone,
lard tue foinda uon o7 mecdm eaaily liauifouote Freon
J Vamt Hoft k c.Le GU (is 4)’
th glonetry
momfatmed bg
itiale
chira)
save conta
at chir
Cnanaomotacon (P>o'-dicoro
cfoeu wrt the diphunyt tri
choe ehan)
re may nane cuft merawilon that
Ran oitm elals
ptal rotalton pread malaia 2
onalt but But iecG beA
9wsisto te t

not mtseliid wey raply stoud

Wb 2RX 2Na (any
Auyl et

Dowi
) phy c-c stase
Naoh, 23 K OH
300 am
Ht

uhunt Fituig for2Na +RX

2NAX
anyt halide on

feyhalogew
9 Muylene
ompound dipluryt
di heit, cleids CH, u.: am
sn contact hnam Ns
Diguct
intene bni
ntac wiheo can

depuss W, aoOppm dizines

Chuie enpsane
damag to ier(CHel,
7odatom: antisepii preo.ue te
phorsen))kidnuyo
uberaen ue iodinu not due to
(etorm int, Duu, te i4 ebctnub
 ALlOHOL PHEnbL &ETHER
DATE:

Notes
Protorated alcokols as eletphiles
NaoH
they react as eletiophiles.
hhO4 +
3 CH
ntacten, aleohol Bn e****c**.

In tu yied.
obtained in eaccellent
R- HO+ H
ane bronates
açido , ie, they cam donate a protn
ty to a a b s n n base.
ercellent yield k
in
atrony eduey Bcidie chasacter eleohol iscdue
to the polar natuhe y o-H bond.
eageut &thete e gpeielemicals fodium ethontde, la a abengu
acds
"Cosmnecially, audo ara reduj bae tha oodium gduentd
accegar them lydmide lem
to eatone folowes bytheet redut hgrideo anethsnger bae
tham golnoude
atalyatlonblytiebydroge)
Meeelo at a brenstes bases as
atkyR-HOH uell.t io dee to t e tne ot
whieh alees tein prten acpta
oleu
he reaction e! phenol wutth aaueo
odiun tuydroaide lindicates that
phts are stonge aldo tan
-Diagonium salta are bydroyaed alohols uater
by trety cuith dilce aeld. thogh there ia albo chage
deloalatin in phnol, io ionane

cumone wahmtelene) otable tham plenotde im

ydroGnide also taines
dr/RoH + R'-cooH r/RoLoR't Hro
Mioho ae veastie compum Ar/k-oH +(R'c)0 r/kOCOR'
+RCOOH
nucleepllee
slestrophiles.nueleophiles The eaterifiat"nn aleshel it
C-As & aitd amhyide io caied
obokeen. ut in the tne of a smal amout
onem*****o*
Motes
R/AroH+RCOu araoR
DATE:

2° ale ae sridns to keones

by eomie ana dride (oo,)
Te n with acid chloe 3 de dont wmdgo Gocidot
aQaePyuda) asto netnaia nder S-o-# &dastii conc

aide
takes plae & amnne

Aetylat" aalloylie acid prduces

akoylie aid
no eutoimed.
lese
anbem atns io ormed
S73 K

3* CHyLOH
S73k

Slaget cone Ha +zucle delydut

delydrat
egholromaenes
DA

n ating with protie aid

ehas amhye
ateam ditillat

2°& 3alcghole dbgatd

neermildlen comotiu Preparal poni ais neuadaya
CHh-CH-Hs 440K H2say O
SogH
+ho
358K.
(Ot2H2-oo-30atm
S73673k
9n the mehamiamm sf oletydut",
fotut anboation the alowest
alep B linee t sae oletemimny
ynas>LoH + 0
Cro3mandd. mediuio wsed
as O:A o oolat old. Fermentatiom takes lae m
--RhOH-0,RHO, anaercaie condition, ie, in abuon
A better reagent fa rida Atiom me, o nhgited omce
of 1°ae ad in goed yeeld
6enetat" mitara, theetoe
CHz- H=4-CnoH W-C=4-cHo wli in twm det-o the
DATE:
eunentat alestet io made wnft Wotes
CNy, miciy,
alßhate
nit
(Vto gine
CHy-I +eHyOH

colewr
melling pnidine Ca Paet
qudj.
devtition f aliohol.
HaSoy
CH,
443k niroe mdorgee bilgmination
with boomine n ethanoc a
413K

due Ao the aiuat bengene

Tre metho io
ing by the metthery ggp.
itade for the prepat -fasa tsomen o btanet m
ethgro hainy iimay'aey grep

Fuillismasn aytheois attk

lnuvlweams allegide Gthangie
Br
Ethens coutaininy subatitatd aey huisole wndergoea Fc alkyat2
opa
thu
a)may also be prepaned
etthod.
Better eoultt ae sltaiHes Ef th
&3 atkythaide, elm
Compele ouer
3 e hade subatituter 2f
io wed, e ltkeme

ore.ot
a el. 7hey eat
elimim balido lehdiy to
Miaceulity of etheu with wator
9esembls thee 9falesho
e e molealar masa
Stthe are e leant reatiue
Te eagefmctigmal g
cobsus in ethe
taleo
goge laidea
TROR+HX R-X+RoH
Teden e! ractiuity HXo
IHer>Ha. lenge et
aees_lace cth cgne HI
 CAR BONYL COMAOUND
DATE

DATE:
"attomam koch na
eetas B ketas ane Motes
menel aue
wth aa
Bapt'o aldehyde &kebone Co, Hcl
cHO
by deluydrghalsgenatqae. gdeyde
ketones

d ammenia s deintin
aeytcloride
In tie methad alohayse " Brep ketee poom
2Rmgt+d cl
admiun
’Rcd +2y)u
ike (g .
Eaprodnt
+&d
dalkye formatdue be intenmedit
HO. admin hapid denydrat ofthe
Palasoy cderocpmate
Jtophen sen
R c tSnartHU’ R-4>NH -Hho
Jsot
R-CHO ketgme merethan aldelyde
DIBAL-H ompable mas.
Tallens teat foadehyckke
scew in alkalne edim.
ith P t HCN. it
DIBALH doonet rede dgube bonde gemerates + 30H
*bsz Brep gm Hc wsiny comy a atherger

compsmdo"a0 uconayoonding
hetie Fehlings teetNet piga
yemohyoli temediate fetiny ticu soy
8 : sdimpetasium
JHsot tartate(louheles
alt)
Bath are taean ineuat amt
mid befse ast
Bgund
a R-HO 2cu 2tSON
taiin),
deeti Positisn oeanlibium
anhyd. Ppt.
Hs ot Mgat ketgnee : Left ide
aniyyano n dusprep

Bde amchlounation fslloes Campho ketoe

eakbngaldodeThia
gmmeeal meto he
mamfolure
bmgaldehyde JOR

g'oH
HU gad
otes
C"Acids
The
DATE:

alohole tá a tind o
nueleeplilii aey mubiitution .
gones eageut: Cho -Has0y
Gidiats 1ale ’anboyie aid
Prep trom alley bemsene temg
kmako que amide
4NHs
o0NHyt
nmeium
im th mamewlile tebiang grup hthalete.
io ngt atteeted.
Sitably Subatttted aiknes are Phthalimide phthaeide
aleo idicdto ctdo witth then
deanitiony ledut e Chida
ROOHAenCOtahalehen K-h
H3ot
R-CN o A

RiOOH. Heu uolhars Zelinekg

R-cOcL OM-/QRoga0R-ooH
oMene eadily hydrelysed uth
*****

Henan dote tt wg
dhydntde tthe

Atdic hyydrsy estery Ctldyteshol

kMnou
kon
CooK

Knoy

Meagnace alalaed caouylatelon

C-dido en heatny with mnal acid,
uch a Ha so o' with Bos giue
repondiny anhydride.
 AMINES
DATE:

R-NH X tnhOH R-N

ates
+Hotax
sdnenalin &eplneghin
Lmine, 18P ue amne cam be oolans Bgm
amnomum aalt by etment with
Novacain-’ Sythetie
amminocempgund order of neotiitg of balideo widh amie
uoes as anaeithetie RI>RBrRL
n dentiaby
’3'aminogy
Beratistanine R-CENngesonR-cH-NH

Quarteay angiim
L
salla ’suitatanto
lyobel ethalinide rymthesi
*arat"ot 1°amie
for tuinmethyl ammine loe amns camnst be prinag
eporred
alkytlary t i method because aryl haldeo
3
do nat wndergo eletphiie
sin mines ainesi ditteret greyo ubattut neat with ien
tamed by pthalmide.
Regu
CH3NH methanamine e t
alkeae
Hott Bruomide begadatn
-,2-diamine R-NH t Br t 4naH
R-NH t wa3tlasrt 2Hh0
thuilene asth comnon &tUPAe namme contiye
len than
eos ansemyta
anie renoue as co32
J,tUPAC name
bnyenamine e' 2ene
be
emoved. Preparat"ot runmary amineo
No
fetHL
thene?
ugution ot an alkyl an
eeterel becawe fel fomed gek ag op takya plae from
carbon of aiae to tii nibioge
gdrsyes toreleae Hei ouriny atom.

lowen aines ighen

NH + R-X RNH ay down
C-X
Anili &sten aryt mines are
nall coleuen but get coleuny
en toagdue to atmopheic
disaduatage tyieldy a minitn dat
YMartemeyamgmmn t .
1° amüne mayn
tale eces amnGmi
Natom mak amca 91cacti ue

Motes DATE:

moar mang sfamines &ottht ayt amines onjgot

due to ‘in aiye of bydrephebie
alkyl fant
No. o No. ot
Jrtermolecular amiaton sesonetiny
2°ammeo 22'amines
2'H'atemy awailaole to H- bond. ’proton
aceeplabilig
ahder of pt of emeic amineo
1' >2 73° Rarentamine
pugeneated amineg eat weth aid
lloidea, nyeide ealis
hmine aalto ae sotutle n aten
but inuble in rganic soent
ike ethen
the baia for paratien o caies ut mpreene ot
amnesnom the mon kaasia a aase engen tham amine
agone compodo
watih.
naolutsle ike pyidine wtieh remo
egiibnium to the u t hant
Bn ot amin ith minera
acido to fom ammeim Bemgoyatn
alta hoiy tht thne ae
baie n natne.
der ot baicity
R-NHt CHl3 tkoH
amms.
e idawy
In gaego atate,
srder ot basity an aitu weth a minew
3°7a71 odium
onidei
ded yehbet,4ouatiom c
ln ageous atat imdutie R-NH+ HNOz NeNoz+Hu
&atoi
R-oH HO-k-N;u-]
eayl ammins
a>73 Cor bigher amine) -a being unetable
2°73>|
ibnogen gao uantatatiu
& alolholy.
quantilatuicly
aquous pen, thaubtituts
ammomium catens getalabillies nat euplut
omhy bn eletn relesiy ttect in eatimem amnoaudo

ay oution t, wato holecutes.

DATE:
i, otes
Cemene sulbhenyl ckuloride [ol 4S3- 473
Hinebey angont
1 amine

N-Ce Hs+ Hl
trongyaie
N-ethyt benyeneushonanide
2amine (aoliblenalkoli )e jenealy slores &is waes
+ 4-NHr
immediely ofter ito prepanat
. .

CeHs Nu>colouless
Lredbyeoluble iner
(N,RNo p h o n e m i d e )
lacto with warwlhen
wared.
beegmpgeo
3 amme domt neat wuth eany im dg atata,
bengeneauphonyl
leide. Bemgene diagenun fueobraa
io wiatr insstublo &taklaot
dhee day, bengeneutheng
celeide io seplaced og
p-totnelphomgl chloide An
aucnKcNrcN +N
NH
+3HB ulH >Ara +Ntux lyotten
en

iept
be aettes tham fiattema kertie
To tode igdine
yridia A N a t k I ’ A r I tku+N
Toitodue Rusine

’ biet nitbat of amlene guldo ohypopuonphos acd /Piagin

H Por
dli idatienproducs in
ito doinatues.
gy aeioe mecim,
%temy the olayonun
Tu aniliumpotonaed bo form
ie whishu ntadietiy Salt a u t " a allwes to
9e unto P3 K, the aalt
NO ArN+Hoon + Nt Ha.
NO (47--) 2/)
51-/-)
deiindiul ian be obtained as mejonprdut.
 lotes NO
DATE:

NaNO
ol+N,tNagfy
Onge dye
Coupliy ahenol
Begenee Oh
p-ydrory ayobengeme
diasenim
hlorideaalt
aniliie

dyt llusid k codides caot

prepareJ by diret halegenat4 The
Ggomogrep annat,ee entioduet by
nueleoilii ubtatut of dlorine
u htesbenzene but yousbengene
Cam ée eaily obtained forem diageniwm sat.

anemnatelgnp
pupares by dirat eubetitatijnot
bengene btetted bemsene
 >Asaeien PERIODI C PROPERTIE S

Scientist Jea
Johann bobereinen 182 4 lam ot Toiads
la’HO u’ 35 5 Avg m biamises a

Na ’23 Sr89 er9o bothst coincidene,

K ’ 34 Ba ’137 I ’127 &probs
AEB de chamcortois 1862 Arramged the elementi in onder ot inwasiny at. wt
& mad a yllndiul table of elemento to display
peiodie ecweme os,
Jen lenander Neamde 1865
Avanged elementh in ineainy ordey ot wts (Eue
elerment had feepr similan to nt.
Tue upto alcium eny.
mendeleevw & Meyer 1864 Peridñc Law (Beth werkes independenty)
Memdeleevis perisdic meyeniPl9Tes phyeial pro agaimt at wut t obtiney
abishel am
epeates Rattern. He eel a hage in
tabe was |emgth ot epeatiny pattern.
l905 Mendeleev: In Rartiewla, eied n similarities in
enii cal fomula &prep ot comhoumds formes by
elemente. Iodine wiita dowen at. wt Ham that ot
Tellrium (lyront vi) was folaced as gop
due to sim im pros.
’ eea Mminium
enmmim Wka tlicen
Mandeeev's
Poiodie Law: The enopo of elements aruModenn Perisdie lano? The phiyat e chonial ao
os the elemeto ase
a peridi fntign of theiD at. t. at. no. peiodie fmigns ot ther
Hey Mceley Medemn peniotie dan he haot?.
the cenaaemcee Ke otsees eglaritie in
essertialy X-hay spetra o elemena. Plot of v n Z gae
a at. ne nt Vv s at.mass, At. no. s mone
the
tundmenta pot of an elemnet than ta at. mas
feniedie daweweales imn amalogies among No. t etemeo in eah taeriod is tie the no. t
e q4natanaly oocunig elemena at. orbitale auailable in the eney euel
Neptunium &Pstonium like atinium that ia being filed.
&protooc tinim ane also tersm ’ Semi mtas/
ende - n ne ot wramiun. Eahth
Aeint
metel MetaLeido
pith
3
metale d- ramitism elements S
Name |Abbneitio At -I|8 1818
Name:
25 31
umunoctium
kali37 34 43 |S4
2
Uuo 55 s 75

qnad 727 emoaty I07 adlotia

5 pent mmade
6 hen
T A 7 )inen
7 sept
NoDRaoatne lo3sehies
gt
emn
s blouk elementp olock element ’ Rephesentatne
"aimilan elemente oh
theee elemet hae sameno. Main g elemet
Afothkction efein outemgt abital
 chonmial "Te eftetlue lean large erherienes
Agretl tamiy ehibit simmilan
element by a ualerne e n matem u i l be es
Aoehauig beause these tham the autual hage on the nleus
haue Sae no. and ame dictibutigm cleN
m then outemt rbitaly utweig beuse ot shielding
ualene e from te 'nleus by
s-blok but ita peauioning
*Kelium belongtogataies
co e l e r e .
mthe p-blok ls
seae at has a
a in genena, ieldi iuteuig
is etejne wten te
amd as inasheu, e comy letely
completely tilled ualence shel eb...e-) rtbitals in the
haateriati leniootiem emthoty
Mestehibite rot alimetal(1 tled.
beryium
other noble gaea top fiole cots
platd aepa teyatelemnnt
Borombas ie than
ap > ‘hieldiy aien to remee
bloik outeMete
The cempomda of s- e there ot ienic.ithium
ith the exeptign
resominanty Ortgen has ie tham itrogen
& bemyum ane s-blok elemety &st H1D e-e efoudaien aspno
Becawse o treatuity pre nnalre
fons
they ae nene Additiem ete enego relase
, metaly
Lootewes ien lehon galn ethalby Eue)
elednen Gain entayy
d-blok elementa uaiatle ualemy r e t ’ wey high -ue
n, cd &H¡ do ngt hew paramagmelc kange
mgst prop of maries as catoyt enthalby
mianabte

ia more elehe gin not measabe

hemiatny of eary atinoida "I-e
elenemegatiçty > Jafe s ale,Ahey
Compllates Ham tu coesbomding mulike - Rechew al
slale,
no. t
lanthanoids cue to the kargethese
L Palig
atinod
nidatien atates pomible ton
Damwanium beryim fomcompoumds
Sm alter wanim kmpwn
'Littiw &
benmces coualent
harater.
Metal cembrise >78 / ot all with
elementi. H Psinilar
biagouprof.
ielatinship
temb
4 iquid at oem KBe B
aesium(30r K) Na mg AL
gaulium (3034) & o the fit membeh
hae weny chem. behauio
tep igt
Ditferent
elemerto m thes&p-boe
doated atthe a roup ot
Ngn mutalo aePeridic table chagefrasiu
hand side ot then smal ae, kang element
a due to ‘Elenegatiwty
hae igh mpt a e of t e
ther nen metalo
Aaio &
GSret these membr ote-blok elements
temp " The tinat
greater abiuty to fonm pn- Pr &
- Chenial setinity disfplaya (cN=N)
IA Vu A multiple bondo to ita elfelemenk
to ther secoud Rrid cemhares to
c=N, cEN, N= 0)
.2 A

adíum of e 99 pm SameG. foemes

sublaent members ot aoe
Coualent (2fpm
rde Mot
Banic i de Nad
meae byXay ight
-t. adii (an be metheds.
sfoetboIcopic 2O3) elmente in
n other Anesteie onide AMO, as).
hould se coparad ente
Radii o note gase adi but wuth Neuthl oricle ’ c0,
NO, No
not with coale adii ot other elemento
an den waaly Conaleney
iclatientati ’ +3
halimetly: Cew est nisaign enthalby Auminium
‘rneatiuitd
sleton attintly -e felethen gam enthaty - Exi Electhon aftiStor ensthermi s n i ee.
 IRENDS OE P-BLOcK

Atomic Radiy Ieic Radius ’No erception in nadiy

Eletrngain emthalby

PY
lemeut
Element donn thegß
IE 2EN deeeseo
1t Ienioatiem Enegy
mept
Te >se > S>o
B> T > 4a>Aln Polymenle etalic
But m the 2d IE (ergthemi)
|Prefo af ydrides
m-pt &Bept
H0> H Te > H te >Hs

Elenonegaliity Tl
& bond agle
m eases
benddength
A we go den the gro, dleneases

-Denaiy Amlaseg
e gÕ dewnte nadius, lnioatg enthaby
No encetien
Bpt dewrlane as we &Eletiomegaluity
go denn the gt
meltig foint due to IPE Electren gain emthalby
E°ae ot TL/TL- e F= -333
>FBr>I
for , ya, ln, Tlz+ue
Br -2 25
I - -296

AHhyd dereases dowm the gout

grgus
Noercestign n radius. t moeaaes deintheg pt nceaseo dewn the
Argle
Tenisaten Eneng9 Bend dneiatiem Enthalby
PYG
’4Fe Prof ot ydride
Mpt: bengig mpt
HIHe> HBn >HU
C>yePb>Sn Sde to H-bend
Due to to
atenatigni atenatiem, the B" pt
Lead des not hew
denaity mntaae HE> HI>Her> Hl
Catenatign HA HU Her HI
HI bus least
Lpou5>ecthon gain enthalby net guem pka -7.0 pka .Mast
Enthalbyamd
No eraptgn in Ignisatien
ELethontinity econz,tue: No exebtin
yain Entaty
at. radi

Meltiny Point: ighest atmosphri content uof kr

|Demiy
Mpt & Bypt ineaoes donthe go
Eiati as
N hetwok
Netk > metaic
Electnon ain Enthalsy
Ne >Arn kr>Xe >He
thau
PY
n ceaeo denn the get
Denaily He

Bept
Mpt
HEH amge formeN-H bemd

eond d sugn Engy

 D& BLOCK
TRENDs Or DRF
lonisotom Enthally
Se (Ti) v<cr<Mn< fe> CoNic ucZn
Metallic/lgite Radit
Mn
Zn

M2t /M

T
Mn

"Meata Hyd is ot cu &Ni

Mo &Cn
Highet Mpt i w
5d 3d