Ex:No:1

STUDY OF OS COMMANDS

Aim: To study MS-DOS commands for performing Character User Interface (CUI) operations in Files
and Directories.

Procedure:

1. Go to START → RUN and type ‘Cmd’ and click ok button. The command prompt window will
open.
2. The default directory location is C:\Documents and Settings\Username> ,now change the
prompt like C:\> D:
3. Type the following commands in the prompt D:\> to see the result

DIRECTORY RELATED COMMANDS:

1. DIR:

This command is used to display the files and directories of the current drive and directory.

Syntax: DIR [drive:][path][filename]

DIR /P: To display files and directories page wise.

DIR /W: To display files and directories width wise ( horizontally ).

DIR /AD: To display directories only.

DIR /AH: To display hidden files only.

DIR /AR: To display read only files.

DIR /ON: To display files in sorted order name wise.

DIR /OS: To display files in sorted order size wise.

Example:

D:\> DIR
D:\> DIR /P
D:\> DIR /W
D:\> DIR /AH

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2. MD [MAKE DIRECTORY]:

This command is used to create a new folder or directory.

Syntax: MD [drive:] [path]

Where drive is the floppy \ hard disk drive on which you want to create a new directory.

Example:

D:\> MD Christ

D:\> DIR /P

3. CD [CHANGE DIRECTORY]:

This command is used to change current directory to another directory.

CD.. : This command is used to go to previous directory.

CD\ : This command is used to root directory.

D:\> CD CCET
D:\CCET>
D:\> CD..
D:\>

4. RD [REMOVE DIRECTORY]:
This command is used to remove the directory.

Syntax: RD [directory]

Where directory is the name of the directory which we want to remove.

D:\> RD CCET

D:\> DIR /P

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FILE RELATED COMMANDS:
1. COPY CON COMMAND :

This command is used to create a new file.

Example:

D:\> copy con college

2. TYPE COMMAND:

This command is used to display the contents of the file.

Example: D:\> Type college

3. COPY COMMAND:

This command is used to copy an existing file to a new file.

Example: D:\>Copy college newcol

4. REN COMMAND:

This command is used to change the file name.

Example:

D:\>REN newcol newcollege

5. DEL COMMAND:

This command is used to delete the file.

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Example:

D:\>DEL college

6. CLS COMMAND:

CLS is a command that allows a user to clear the complete contents of the screen and
leave only the prompt.
Syntax: CLS

Example:

D:\> CLS

7. TIME COMMAND:

To display the time and to change the current time

Example:

D:\> TIME

8. DATE COMMAND:

To display the date and also to change the Current date.

Example:

D:\> DATE

9. EDIT COMMAND:

This command is used to change or edit the content of the given file.
To Save file - Ctrl+F+S
To Exit file - Alt + X
SCREEN SHOT:

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RESULT:

Thus the given MS DOS directory related and file related commands have been
studied and executed successfully.

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Ex:No:2 : Write a c program to find the area of a triangle

AIM :

To write a C program to find the area of a triangle.

Formula of area of any triangle:

Area = √(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Where s = (a + b + c)/2

ALGORITHM:

Step 1 : start
Step 2 : Declare the variable a, b, c, s, area
Step 3 : Get the value of a, b, c
Step 4 : Find s value s=(a+b+c)/2
Step 5 : Find area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Step 6 : Print the value of area
Step 7 : Stop

FLOW CHART :

START

Read a,b,c

s=(a+b+c)/2

area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))

PRINT area

STOP

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SOURCE CODE :

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float a,b,c;
float s,area;
clrscr();
printf("Enter size of each sides of triangle");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
s = (a+b+c)/2;
area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
printf("Area of triangle is: %.3f",area);
getch();
}

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SCREEN SHOT:

RESULT:

Thus the given program to calculate area of a triangle has been executed and verified
successfully.

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