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NTA UGC NET People Development Environment Notes

The document outlines the interaction between people and the environment, emphasizing sustainable development and the conflicts between economic growth and environmental protection. It discusses various environmental issues such as global warming, climate change, and pollution, along with natural resources and conservation efforts. Additionally, it highlights environmental protection measures, international agreements, and current environmental challenges in India, including air pollution and water scarcity.

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79 views3 pages

NTA UGC NET People Development Environment Notes

The document outlines the interaction between people and the environment, emphasizing sustainable development and the conflicts between economic growth and environmental protection. It discusses various environmental issues such as global warming, climate change, and pollution, along with natural resources and conservation efforts. Additionally, it highlights environmental protection measures, international agreements, and current environmental challenges in India, including air pollution and water scarcity.

Uploaded by

shreekumkum66
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NTA UGC NET Paper 1 - People, Development and Environment

1. People and Environment Interaction

- Carrying Capacity of Environment: Ability of the environment to support life without degradation.

- Sustainable Development: Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet

their own.

- Development vs Environment: Conflicts often arise between industrial/economic development and

environmental protection.

2. Environmental Issues

- Global Warming: Caused by greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O); leads to temperature rise, sea level rise,

glacial melting.

- Climate Change: Long-term shifts in weather patterns due to anthropogenic activities.

- Ozone Layer Depletion: Caused by CFCs; leads to increased UV radiation.

- Acid Rain: Caused by SO and NOx emissions; harms forests, aquatic life, and buildings.

- E-waste: Discarded electronics with harmful metals; needs proper recycling.

- Deforestation: Loss of biodiversity, carbon sink, soil erosion.

- Desertification: Land degradation due to overgrazing, deforestation, poor irrigation.

3. Natural Resources

- Renewable: Solar, wind, biomass, hydro.

- Non-Renewable: Coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear.

- Biodiversity: Genetic, species, ecosystem diversity.

- Hotspots in India: Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, Sundaland.

- Conservation: In-situ (parks), Ex-situ (zoos, gene banks).

4. Environmental Protection Measures


NTA UGC NET Paper 1 - People, Development and Environment

- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

- Pollution Control Acts:

- Air Act (1981), Water Act (1974), Environment Protection Act (1986)

- Eco-friendly Technologies: Solar panels, biogas, green buildings.

- Afforestation and 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

- Waste Management: Solid, liquid, hazardous, biomedical waste.

5. International Environmental Agreements

- UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol (1997), Paris Agreement (2015)

- Montreal Protocol (1987), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

- Stockholm Conference (1972), Rio Earth Summit (1992)

6. Human Population and Environment

- Population Growth: Pressure on resources.

- Urbanization: Leads to pollution, waste, land use change.

- Sustainable Urban Planning: Eco-friendly infrastructure.

- Health Hazards from pollution, poor sanitation.

7. Environmental Organizations

- National: MoEFCC, CPCB, SPCBs

- International: UNEP, IPCC, WWF, IUCN

8. Current Environmental Issues (India Focused)

- Air Pollution in cities like Delhi.


NTA UGC NET Paper 1 - People, Development and Environment

- Water Scarcity and pollution of rivers.

- River Cleaning Projects: Namami Gange Programme.

- Plastic Ban and National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).

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