THEME 6 BRIDGING CULTURES GRAMMAR

AT THE AIRPORT
IN THE QUEUE
Penny Oh, I am so excited. I’ve never flown before!
Woman Where are you travelling to?
Penny I’m going to Australia to see my cousin.
Woman That is nice. How long is the flight?
Penny I think it’s about 20 hours.
AT THE CHECK-IN DESK
Check-in girl Good morning. Can I see your ticket please?
Penny Yes here you are.
Check-in girl And can I take your passport?
Penny Here it is.
Check-in girl That’s fine. Please put your luggage on here to be weighed. How many suitcases do you have?
Penny Only the two.
Check-in girl Sorry but your luggage is 3 kilos over the allowed weight.
Penny Oh no! What happens now?
Check-in girl You have to pay 20€ for each kilo.
Penny 60€! Oh, I’ll have to pay, as I don’t want to miss the plane.
AT SECURITY
Security man Is this your hand luggage Madam?
Penny Yes, why is there a problem?
Security man Can you open the bag please?
Penny Sure, just a minute
Security man You know that you are not allowed to take any sharp objects on the aircraft.
Penny But I haven’t got anything sharp!
Security man You have some nail scissors. I will have to confiscate them.
Penny It seems that everything I do is wrong!
Well, you should read the regulations. There are notices displayed everywhere in the airport on what
Security man
you can take on-board. Please proceed to your gate number now Madam.
Penny Gate number? I don’t know it.
Security man If you look at the departure board, you will find the information about your flight.
Penny Thanks.
AT GATE NUMBER 8
We are ready for boarding now. Please have your boarding passes ready. Please proceed to the
Air stewardess
aircraft when we call your seat number.
Penny Excuse me, where can I find my seat number?
Air stewardess It’s on your boarding pass Madam. Ah, your seat number is 68J.

AT THE RESTAURANT
WAITER / WAITRESS CUSTOMER
Taking notes about the order: Ordering a meal:
 Would you like to order?  Excuse me, waiter, we’d like to order.
 Can I help you?  I’d like a / an / some…and…
 Are you ready to order?  I want a / an / some…and…
Offering Food  Please bring me a / an / some…
 Would you like a / an / some…? To accept / refuse the offer:
 What about a / an / some…?  Yes, please.
 Can I get you a / an / some…? No, thanks. I’d like/ prefer a / an / some…
Asking about preferences: Deciding about drinks:
 Do you prefer…?  I’d like…
 How would you like it?  Could you bring me.., please?
Asking about drinks: Asking about the bill:
 What would you like to drink?  Could I have the bill, please?
 Anything to drink?  Could you bring me the bill, please?

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1. PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Present Simple Present Continuous
• We use present simple to talk about habits, • We use present continuous to talk about things
routines, facts and truths. happening now and temporary situations
- We usually have dinner late. - She’s listening to the announcement now.
- I don’t enjoy Indian food. - I’m staying at a nice hotel.
• We use -s’ with 3rd person singular in positive • We use be + Ving.
sentences. - I am having lunch
- I / You / We / They work hard. - He / She / It is having lunch.
- He / She / It works hard. - You / We / They are having lunch.
• We often use present simple with adverbs of • We often use present continuous with time
frequency (always, often, sometimes, usually, expressions like now, at present, at the moment,
never) and time expressions like every day, once a nowadays, these days, today, this week, etc.
month, on Fridays, etc. - I am studying English now.
- I usually watch a movie on Saturday. - She’s sending a text message at the moment.
- Sam plays tennis twice a week. - What are you doing nowadays?
A. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
1. Eric always go / goes to Jamaica in winter for the sun.
2. Today, they are working / work from home because of the heavy rain.
3. My mother don’t / doesn’t like to drive when it’s foggy.
4. It doesn’t snow / isn’t snowing now. Let’s go out for a walk.
5. The tourists are / is still waiting for the snow to stop.
6. Look! The wind is blowing / blows the leaves from the trees.
B. Rewrite the sentences to change the tense. Use the words in brackets and make necessary changes.
1. The Johnsons always drink coffee at breakfast. (now)
____________________________________________________
2. Gomez checks his e-mails in the afternoon. (tonight)
____________________________________________________
3. My father isn’t listening to music at his office today. (never)
____________________________________________________
4. Perla is wearing her sister’s trainers at today’s match. (at weekends)
___________________________________________________
5. We never take tram to school. (today)
____________________________________________________
6. Jennifer sometimes does her homework on the school bus. (at the moment)
____________________________________________________
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Sue never _____________________(drink) coke.
2. I _________________________ (study) on a project nowadays.
3. They ________________________ visit) a museum once a month.
4. I ____________________________ (not remember) her mother’s name.
5. Jessica _________________________ (listen) to music in her room now.
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6. Carla _____________________ (get up) late at weekends.
7. _________ you _____________ (know) her new address?
8. The dog _________________ (chase) a cat now.
D. Decide if the sentences are right or wrong. Correct the wrong ones.
1. I don’t know Puerto Rico very well. _____________________
2. Can you hear these people? Which language do they talk? _____________________
3. I am usually having my holidays in Japan. _____________________
4. Fasten your seat belt. The plane is departing. _____________________
5. Do they speak English in Ghana? _____________________
6. Maria is in Montréal. She learns French. _____________________
E. Complete the questions with the words
How much / Where / Why / How often / What time / What
1. A: _______________ do you eat out? B: Once a week.
2. A: _______________ do you usually have dinner? B: Between 7 p.m. and 8 p.m.
3. A: _______________ do they have lunch? B: At school canteen.
4. A: _______________ do you usually have for breakfast? B: An omelette and orange juice.
5. A: _______________ do you eat so much chocolate? B: I love it.
6. A: _______________ water do you drink a day? B: Eight glasses.
F. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. usually / mother / kitchen / Jack and Sara / help / the / their / in
Jack and Sara usually help their mother in the kitchen.
2. eats / lunch / he / sandwich / often / for / a
_________________________________________________________________ .
3. my / nights / sometimes / late / friend / at / studies
_________________________________________________________________ .
4. goes / walk / evening / my / always / for / in / grandmother / a / the
_________________________________________________________________ .
5. for / Robert / never / school / late / is
_________________________________________________________________ .
G. Read the answers. Then write questions using the prompts in the present simple or present continuous
1. it / rain / a lot / İzmir
A: Does it rain a lot in Izmir?
B: Yes, it does. But it rarely snows there.
2. it / rain / at the moment
A: ______________________________________________?
B: No, it’s sunny at the moment.
3. you / live / Bogota
A: ______________________________________________?
B: Yes, I live there with my family.
4. Why / you / live / hotel room
A: ______________________________________________?
B: Because they are decorating my house.
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2. CONJUNCTIONS (AND, BUT, SO, BECAUSE)
• We use conjunctions and, but, so and because to join sentences or group of words. We don’t usually start
sentences with a conjunction in written English.
- I’m excited because I’m going to Italy.
AND
We use and to connect two words or similar ideas.
- I like sugar and milk in my coffee.
- We often use soy sauce and it makes our meals salty enough.
BUT
We use but to join different ideas.
- I can swim well, but I can’t dive.
BECAUSE
We use because to give reasons.
- Jim doesn’t eat fast food because he’s on a diet.
SO
We use so to give reasons and explain things.
- I’m a vegetarian, so I don’t eat meat.
A. Choose the correct options to join the sentences.
1. Buenos Aires is an exciting city but / so I love it.
2. You can walk everywhere in Lisbon because / but it’s a small city.
3. Lisbon is an ancient city and / because I love taking photos of the old buildings.
4. Larry always goes to Lisbon with bells on but / because he enjoys there a lot.
5. Shanghai is crowded with people and / but there are quiet places in old town.
B. Complete the sentences below with because or so.
1. Tim is planning to visit Seoul in August, _____________________he saves money.
2. Olivia is going on a trip to Europe by bus __________________ she cannot get over her fear of flying.
3. Toronto is a cold country to visit in summer, _____________ I need to take my pullovers with me.
4. Pam does not want to come on the trip to India with us ____________ she is allergic to spicy food.
5. My family and I have to cancel our holiday in Morocco __________________my parents have the flu.

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