Chapter 1: G12 LS functions case of study

Exercise 1: Given the curve of function f:

a) What is the domain of f?

b) What is the range of the function (image of the domain by f)
c) Draw the table of variation of f.
d) Complete the following: f(0)= ;f(2)= ; f(3)= ;f(-1)= ;f(-2)= f(-3)=
e) Solve graphically: f(x)=1; f(x)= -1 ; f(x)=0 ; f(x)>0 and f(x)<0
 Sign of function

Exercise 2: Study the sign of the following functions:

1) 𝑥 − 4 2)−2𝑥 + 4 3) −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 4) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
9𝑥−8 −4𝑥+6 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+4 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
5) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 6) −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 7 7) −𝑥+3 8) 9) 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3 10) 4𝑥 2 −9𝑥+2
𝑥−2
−2𝑥 2 −7𝑥+3
11) 4𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1

 Limits of functions:

Exercise 3: Find lim ℎ(𝑥) in the following cases

𝑥→±∞

4 5𝑥+1
a) ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 b)ℎ(𝑥) = −4𝑥 5 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 − 2−𝑥 c)ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥5 +𝑥−1

4𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +2𝑥+7 5𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3 +7𝑥−6 7𝑥−1

d) ℎ(𝑥) = e)ℎ(𝑥) = f) ℎ(𝑥) = +8
3𝑥 2 +5𝑥−2 2𝑥 5 +3𝑥 2 −𝑥+5 𝑥 2 +5

Exercise 4: Calculate the following limits:

4 4 −4 4𝑥−13 3
a) lim+ (𝑥−3) b) lim+ (3−𝑥) c) lim− (𝑥−3) d) lim− ( 3−𝑥
) e) lim+ (7 − 5−𝑥)
𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→5
3𝑥 3𝑥 7 𝑥−5
f) lim+(7 + 𝑥−5) g) lim − (𝑥+3) h) lim + (𝑥+3) i) lim 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+5
𝑥→5 𝑥→(−3) 𝑥→(−3) 𝑥→5
Exercise 5: Find the domain of definition of the following functions and find the limits at the boundary of the domain and
deduce the asymptote of the curve of functions:
3𝑥 1
1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−5 2) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 3)𝑔(𝑥) =
√𝑥 2 +𝑥−6

 Continuity of functions
A function f is continuous at a if 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂)
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

f Figure 1 g
Figure 2

Exercise 6: figure 1 represent the curve of function f and figure 2 represent the curve of function g.

1. What is the domain of definition of f and g?

2. Calculate lim− 𝑓(𝑥) and lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
3. Calculate lim− 𝑔(𝑥) and lim+ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
4. In which figure the curve is separated at x=0?
5. Study the continuity of f and g at x=0.

Exercise 7: Study the continuity of the following functions at a

4
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2 at a=2.

5𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓𝑥 > 1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = { at a=1
3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1

 Derivative of function:

Exercise 8: Calculate the derivative of the following functions:

a) f(x)=1235 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 5 c)𝑓(𝑥) = −5𝑥 2 d)𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 9 e)𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 + 5

𝑥−3 3𝑥 5 +1 2 3
f)𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+5 g)𝑘(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 −1 h) 𝑠(𝑥) = 𝑥−5 i) 𝑒(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑥−1

𝒇(𝒙) 𝟎 ∞ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇′ (𝒙)

Hospital’s Rule: If 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎 𝒐𝒓 then 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈′ (𝒙)
𝒙→𝒂 ∞ 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

Exercise 9: calculate the following limits:

𝑥 4 −16 𝑥 4 −1 𝑥 4 −16 9𝑥 2 +5𝑥+3 𝑥−5
a) lim b) lim 𝑥 2 −1 + 3 𝑐) lim d) lim e) lim 𝑥2 −6𝑥+5
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→1 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥−2 𝑥→∞ 3𝑥 2 +3𝑥−5 𝑥→5
  Variation of function:

Property: consider a differentiable function f on an interval I. then

 If 𝒇′ > 𝟎 on I then f is strictly increasing on I.

 If 𝒇′ < 𝟎 on I then f is strictly decreasing on I.
 If 𝒇′ = 𝟎 on I then f is constant on I.

Property 2: consider a differentiable function f on open interval I.

 If f ’ becomes zero at a while changing signs from negative to positive, then 𝒇(𝒂) is local minimum
of f.
 If f ’ becomes zero at b while changing signs from positive to negative then 𝒇(𝒃) is local maximum
of f.

Exercise 10: Study the variation of the below functions on ℝ and construct its curve on orthonormal system:

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 2 2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 3. 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1

Equation of tangent at curve of function f at a given abscissa a

 The slope of the tangent at a point A(a,f(a)) is 𝒇′(𝒂).

 The equation of the tangent at the curve of the function is A(a,f(a))

𝒚 − 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝒇′(𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒂)

Exercise 11: Consider a function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 4. (C) represent the

curve of 𝑓 in orthonormal system.

1) What is the domain of definition of 𝑓.

2) Find the equation of tangent (T) at (C) at a point with abscissa 0.
3) Study the variation of f.
4) Construct (T) and (C) in an orthonormal system.
Relative position between two curves of two functions: Consider a function 𝒇 with curve (Cf) and g is
function with curve (Cg). 𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈 differentiable on interval I. if for every x belong to I we have

 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝒈(𝒂) then (Cf) cuts (Cg) at point of abscissa a.

 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) < 𝟎 then (Cf) is below (Cg) on interval I.
 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) > 𝟎 then (Cf) is above (Cg) on interval I.

Exercise 12: Study the relative positions between the curves of functions f and g in the following cases:
1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥. 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥−1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1.

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 1.

Exercise 13: The curves (C) and (G) represents the curves of functions f and g
respectively. Solve graphically:

1) f(x)=g(x) 2) f(x)<g(x) and 3)f(x)>g(x).

Definition : let f be a function with domain D, and curve (C) in orthonormal system (𝑶, 𝒊⃗, 𝒋⃗). (C) has
oblique asymptote (D):y=ax+b if and only if 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒚) = 𝟎
𝒙→±∞

4
Exercise 14: Prove that the straight line ( D ): y=2x+3 is asymptote to the curve of f: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥−1

Definition 3: let f be a function with domain D, and curve (C) in orthonormal system (𝑶, 𝒊⃗, 𝒋⃗). (C) has the
point I(a,b) as center of symmetry if and only if:

 a is center of D.
 𝒇(𝟐𝒂 − 𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒃

Exercise 15: in the below curves of functions give the center of symmetry of the curve:

2)
1)

𝑥−1
Exercise 16: Show that the curve of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 has the point I(-1,1) as center of symmetry in
orthonormal system (𝑂, 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗).

Property: consider a continuous function f define on an interval I=[a , b] then:

 if f is strictly increasing on I then 𝒇(𝑰) = [𝒇(𝒂), 𝒇(𝒃)]

 if f is strictly decreasing on I then 𝒇(𝑰) = [𝒇(𝒃), 𝒇(𝒂)]

f(b) f(a)

f(a)
f(b)
a b
a b
Exercise 17: consider a function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 and (C) represent the curve of f in orthonormal system.

1) Study the variation of f and construct (C).

2) Determine the image of the following intervals:
a) [2,5] b) ]-3,0] c)[1,5[

Remark: if f is continuous over interval I=[a,b] then f(I)=[m, M] where m

is the absolute minimum of f and M is absolute maximum of f see the
adjacent figure.

Exercise 18: Return to exercise 15 find the image of the intervals: ]-1,2] and
]0,7]

Exercise 19: consider a function f define as a curve of function as in the figure

below: find the image of the following intervals: a) ]-2,1], b) [0,4[, c) [-3,5]

f(b)

Properties: f is continuous and strictly monotonic (strictly increasing

or strictly decreasing) on an interval [a,b] such that 𝒇(𝒂) × 𝒇(𝒃) < 𝟎
then there exists a unique solution 𝜶 ∈ [𝒂, 𝒃] such that 𝒇(𝜶) = 𝟎.
a
Exercise 20: consider a function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥. (C) represent
the curve of f on orthonormal system (𝑂, 𝑖⃗, 𝑗⃗). f(a) b

a) Study the variation of f on ] − ∞, +∞[

b) Show that (C) passing through origin O.
c) Show that f(x)=0 has a unique solution 𝛼 ∈] − 4.86, −4.84[ and a unique solution 𝛽 ∈]1.84,1.86[.
d) Construct (C). “take a scale: 1cm for 1 unit on x-axis and 1cm for 5 unit for y-axis”

Exercise 21: Consider a function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 1.

1) Study the variation of h.

2) Consider the two function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 1 for 𝑥 ∈] − ∞; +∞[
a) Show that ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).
 b) Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) has a unique solution 𝛼 such that 1.18 < 𝛼 < 1.19 and a unique solution 𝛽
such that −1.19 < 𝛽 < −1.18.

Exercise 22: Consider a function f its variation

represent as in the adjacent table. 2
x - 1 +
a) Find the equation of the tangent to the _
curve of f at point of abscissa 2. 2
b) Show that f(x)=0 admits exactly two roots. 𝑓′ + +

+ +
Exercise 23: Consider the function f defined,
5
f
on] -  ;2[  ]2;+ [ x2
by f(x) =
. -4
x–2
Designate by (C) the representative curve of f in an orthonormal system of axes

1) Calculate lim f(x) and lim f(x). Deduce the equation of an asymptote of (C).
x2 x2

2) a- Calculate lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) .

x -  x  
4
b- show that f(x) = 𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥−2
c- Show that the line (D) : y = x + 2 is an oblique asymptote of (C) .
d- study the relative position between (C) and (D).
3) Calculate f ′(x) and set up the table of variations of f
4) Draw (D) and the curve (C) with its corresponding asymptotes.
Exercise 24:

Part A: Consider the function g defined over

 
] − ∞, +∞[ by g(x) = x3 – 3x – 4. (G) represent the curve of g in orthonormal system (O; i , j )

1) a - Study the variations of g over ] − ∞, +∞[ and construct its table of variations.
2) b-Show that the equation g(x) = 0 has a unique solution α such that: 2.19 <  <2.21.
c - Draw (G)
3) Study the sign of g(x) according to the values of x.
Part B In what follows, take  = 2.2
x3 + 3x + 2
Consider the function f defined over ] 0 ; + ∞ [ by f(x) = and denote by (C) Its representative curve
x2
 
in an orthonormal system (O; i , j ) .

1) Calculate lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) and interpret the result

𝑥→0
2) a – Calculate lim 𝑓(𝑥). .
𝑥→+∞
b – Prove that the line (d) : y = x is asymptote of (C) and indicate the relative position of (d) and (C) .
g(x)
3) Show that f '(x) = 3 and set up the table of variations of f.
x
4) Draw (C) and (d).