LIST: Read built in function of list (Important

for Exam
Introduction:
The data type list is an ordered sequence which is mutable and made up of one or more elements.
Unlike a string which consists of only characters, a list can have elements of different data types,
such as integer, float, string, tuple or even another list. A list is very useful to group together
elements of mixed data types. Elements of a list are enclosed in square brackets and are separated
by comma. Like string indices, list indices also start from 0.
Indexing: The elements of a list are accessed in the same way as characters are accessed in a string.
List operations (concatenation, repetition, membership & slicing):
Concatenation
Python allows us to join two or more lists using concatenation operator depicted by the symbol +.
>>> list1 = [1,3,5,7,9] #list1 is list of first five odd integers
>>> list2 = [2,4,6,8,10] #list2 is list of first five even integers
>>> list1 + list2 #elements of list1 followed by list2
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
>>> list3 = ['Red','Green','Blue']
>>> list4 = ['Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow' ,'Black']
>>> list3 + list4
['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta', 'Yellow','Black']
Repetition
Python allows us to replicate a list using repetition operator depicted by symbol *.
>>> list1 = ['Hello'] #elements of list1 repeated 4 times
>>> list1 * 4
['Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello']
Membership
Like strings, the membership operators in checks if the element is present in the list and returns
True, else returns False.
>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue']
>>> 'Green' in list1
True
>>> 'Cyan' in list1
False
Slicing
Like strings, the slicing operation can also be applied to lists.
>>> list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan', 'Magenta','Yellow','Black']
>>> list1[2:6]
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow']
Traversing a list using loops:
We can access each element of the list or traverse a list using a for loop or a while loop.
(A) List Traversal Using for Loop:
>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow', 'Black']
>>> for item in list1:
print(item)
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black
Built-in functions:
i. len(): Returns the length of the list passed as the argument. Creates a list if a sequence is passed as
an argument
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
>>> len(list1)
5
ii. list(): Creates an empty list if no argument is passed
>>> list1 = list()
>>> list1
[]
>>> str1 = 'aeiou'
>>> list1 = list(str1)
>>> list1
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']

iii. append(): Appends a single element passed as an argument at the end of the list The single
element can also be a list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> list1.append(50)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> list1.append([50,60])
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, [50, 60]]
iv. extend(): Appends each element of the list passed as argument to the end of the given list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30]
>>> list2 = [40,50]
>>> list1.extend(list2)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
v. insert(): Inserts an element at a particular index in the list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
>>> list1.insert(2,25)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50]
>>> list1.insert(0,5)
>>> list1
[5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50]

vi. count(): Returns the number of times a given element appears in the list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,10,40,10]
>>> list1.count(10)
3
>>> list1.count(90)
0
vii. index(): Returns index of the first occurrence of the element in the list. If the element is not
present, ValueError is generated
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,20,40,10]
>>> list1.index(20)
1
>>> list1.index(90)
ValueError: 90 is not in list
viii. remove(): Removes the given element from the list. If the element is present multiple times, only
the first occurrence is removed. If the element is not present, then ValueError is generated
 >>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,30]
>>> list1.remove(30)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 40, 50, 30]
>>> list1.remove(90)
ValueError:list.remove(x):x not in list
ix. pop(): Returns the element whose index is passed as parameter to this function and also removes it
from the list. If no parameter is given, then it returns and removes the last element of the list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> list1.pop(3)
40
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 50, 60]
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> list1.pop()
60
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
x. reverse(): Reverses the order of elements in the given list
>>> list1 = [34,66,12,89,28,99]
>>> list1.reverse()
>>> list1
[ 99, 28, 89, 12, 66, 34]
>>> list1 = [ 'Tiger' ,'Zebra' , 'Lion' , 'Cat' ,'Elephant' ,'Dog']
>>> list1.reverse()
>>> list1
['Dog', 'Elephant', 'Cat', 'Lion', 'Zebra', 'Tiger']
xi. sort(): Sorts the elements of the given list in-place
>>> list1 = ['Tiger', 'Zebra', 'Lion', 'Cat', 'Elephant', 'Dog']
>>> list1.sort()
>>> list1
['Cat', 'Dog', 'Elephant', 'Lion', 'Tiger', 'Zebra']
>>> list1 = [34,66,12,89,28,99]
>>> list1.sort(reverse = True)
>>> list1
[99,89,66,34,28,12]
xii. sorted(): It takes a list as parameter and creates a new list consisting of the same elements
arranged in sorted order
>>> list1 = [23,45,11,67,85,56]
>>> list2 = sorted(list1)
>>> list1
[23, 45, 11, 67, 85, 56]
>>> list2
[11, 23, 45, 56, 67, 85]
xiii. min() / max() / sum(): Returns smallest / largest / sum of elements of the list
>>> list1 = [34,12,63,39,92,44]
>>> min(list1)
12
>>> max(list1)
92
>>> sum(list1)
284
SUMMARY
Lists are mutable sequences in Python, i.e., we can change the elements of the list.

• Elements of a list are put in square brackets separated by comma.

• A list within a list is called a nested list. List indexing is same as that of strings and
starts at 0. Two- way indexing allows traversing the list in the forward as well as in
the backward direction.
• Operator + concatenates one list to the end of another list.
• Operator * repeats a list by specified number of times.
• Membership operator in tells if an element is present in the list or not and
not in does the opposite.
• Slicing is used to extract a part of the list.
• There are many list manipulation functions
including: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), find(), remove(),
pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum().