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HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup language used for creating web pages and describes their structure through elements that dictate content display. Key components include the <html>, <head>, <body>, and various tags for headings, paragraphs, and links, with attributes providing additional information. HTML elements can be nested, are not case sensitive, and include attributes like href for links and src for images, which enhance functionality and accessibility.

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16 views9 pages

Com 225

HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup language used for creating web pages and describes their structure through elements that dictate content display. Key components include the <html>, <head>, <body>, and various tags for headings, paragraphs, and links, with attributes providing additional information. HTML elements can be nested, are not case sensitive, and include attributes like href for links and src for images, which enhance functionality and accessibility.

Uploaded by

George Amos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

What is HTML?
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is
a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this


document is an HTML5 document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the
HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page
(which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's
tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a
container for all the visible contents, such as headings,
paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?


An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>


The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML
documents and display them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to
display the document:

HTML Page Structure


Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Elements

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.

HTML Elements
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>


Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none


Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other
elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements


(<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML
document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.

Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

The <body> element defines the document's body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.


Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

The <h1> element defines a heading.

It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Never Skip the End Tag


Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

</body>
</html>

However, never rely on this! Unexpected results and errors may occur
if you forget the end tag!

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing
tag:
Example
<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>

Try it Yourself »

HTML is Not Case Sensitive


HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but


W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter
document types like XHTML.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and
their attributes.

Tag Description

<html> Defines the root of an HTML document

<body> Defines the document's body

<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings


HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 Attributes provide additional information about elements
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute


The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page
the link goes to:

The src Attribute


The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute
specifies the path to the image to be displayed:

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another


website. Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission
to use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot
control external images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the
URL does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will
be relative to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins
with a slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example:
src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you
change domain.

The width and height Attributes


The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify
the width and height of the image (in pixels):

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

Try it Yourself »

The alt Attribute


The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an
image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a
slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen
reader.

The style Attribute


The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size,
and more.

The lang Attribute


You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the
language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So,
the first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two
characters define the country.
The following example specifies English as the language and United States as
the country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference.

The title Attribute


The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse
over the element:

The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or
lowercase like title or TITLE.

However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML,


and demands lowercase attributes for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

Chapter Summary
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
 The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
 The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for
images
 The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
 The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font,
size, and more
 The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web
page
 The title attribute defines some extra information about an element

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