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The document covers various aspects of computer architecture, including memory types (RAM, ROM), the role of the CPU, and the function of buses. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, discusses number system conversions, and explains 2's complement for negative numbers. Additionally, it provides calculations related to memory size and instruction execution processes.

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Mahmoud Rashed
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12 views2 pages

Sheet 1 Solution

The document covers various aspects of computer architecture, including memory types (RAM, ROM), the role of the CPU, and the function of buses. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, discusses number system conversions, and explains 2's complement for negative numbers. Additionally, it provides calculations related to memory size and instruction execution processes.

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Rashed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) 24*1024 = 24576 Bytes

2) Random access memory, short term memory where data stored as the processor needs it
3) Central processing unit, controls the execution and interpretation of instructions byte fetching it
from memory then by ALU performs the operation.
4) Read only memory, non volatile memory receives data and permanently writes on chip.
5) Address bus : carries memory address from processor to other components, Data bus: carries
data between processor to other components, Control bus : carries control signal from
processor to other components.
6) A) unidirectional b) bidirectional
7) Program counter is a register that contains the address of the instruction being executed at the
current as each instruction gets fetched the program counter increases its stored value by 1.
8) Holds the instructions being executed.
9) Memory in bytes = 2n, 216 = 64KB, 224 = 16384 KB, 232 = 4194304 KB
10)

4 KB ROM, 128 byte RAM, 4 register bank, 128 user defined flags, 8 bit bidirectional data bus, 16
bit unidirectional address bus, 16 bit timer.
11) Power efficiency, Temperature tolerance, security, Area, Speed ,Memory.
12) Computer is used in streaming, simulating and editing and has chips for these purposes,
microcontroller does data processing and logic operation on a single chip.
13)
Microprocessor Microcontroller
Memory and input output pins connected Memory and input output pins connected
externally inside the chip
Large circuit Small in size
RAM and ROM aren’t embedded on a single RAM and ROM are embedded on a single
chip chip
High cost Low cost
Used in PCs Used in embedded systems
Uses external buses Uses internal buses

14) A) Decimal to binary divide number by 2, and arrange the remainder as


87/2 43 1
43/2 21 1
21/2 10 1
10/2 5 0
5/2 2 1
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1
Then 8710 = 10101112
B) Binary to decimal multiply each number by corresponding 2n
Then 1*25+1*24+1*23+0*22+0*21+1*20 = 57

C) Hexa to decimal multiply each number by corresponding 16n


E0 = 14*161+0*160 = 224
D) Decimal to hexa divide number by 16, and arrange the remainder as
7562/16 472 A
472/16 29 8
29/16 1 D
1/16 0 1
Then 756210 = 1D8A16

E) Hexa to binary distribute each number to 4 bits as 6C16 = 11011002


F) 2’s complement for negative number
Write binary of +ve number, then write the complement of this number in 4 bits each
number then add 1
Then 28 in binary equals 00011100, its complement is 11100011
11100011 +1 = 11100100
G) Subtracting using 2’s complement add the 2’s complement of the second number to the first
one then 7-5 will be 5 = 0101, its complement is 1010, its 2’s complement is 1010+1 = 1011,
then 0111+1011 = 10010

Note check the lectures for more details of the theoretical questions

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