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Assignment 2

The document outlines an assignment for a Probability and Statistics course, detailing various problems related to joint probability density functions, marginal density functions, and probabilities involving random variables. It includes tasks related to tobacco blends, electronic components' lifetimes, insurance premium payments, traffic accidents, and normal distribution of IQs among college applicants. Each problem requires the application of statistical concepts to compute probabilities, expectations, and variances.

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Muhammad Hadi
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14 views

Assignment 2

The document outlines an assignment for a Probability and Statistics course, detailing various problems related to joint probability density functions, marginal density functions, and probabilities involving random variables. It includes tasks related to tobacco blends, electronic components' lifetimes, insurance premium payments, traffic accidents, and normal distribution of IQs among college applicants. Each problem requires the application of statistical concepts to compute probabilities, expectations, and variances.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Karachi

Spring-2025 FAST School of Computing


Probability and Statistics
Assignment 2
1. A tobacco company produces blends of tobacco, with each blend containing various proportions of
Turkish, domestic, and other tobaccos. The proportions of Turkish and domestic in a blend are
random variables with joint density function (X = Turkish and Y = domestic):

(a) Find the probability that in a given box the Turkish tobacco accounts for over half the blend.
(b) Find the marginal density function for the proportion of the domestic tobacco.
(c) Find the probability that the proportion of Turkish tobacco is less than 1/8 if it is known that
the blend contains 3/4 domestic tobacco.

2. We are given the joint probability density function (PDF) of two electronic components' lifetimes,
X and Y:

We will determine:

(a) The marginal density functions of both random variables.


(b) The probability that both components last more than 2 hours, i.e. 𝑃(𝑋 > 2, 𝑌 > 2).

3. Consider the following joint probability density function of the random variables X and Y.

3𝑥 − 𝑦
{ 1 < 𝑥 < 3,1 < 𝑦 < 2
9
0 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

(a) Find the marginal density functions of X and Y.


(b) Are X and Y independent?
(c) Find 𝑃(𝑋 > 2).
4. An insurance company offers its policyholders a number of different premium payment options.
For a randomly selected policyholder, let X be the number of months between successive
payments. The cumulative distribution function of X is given by:

(a) What is the probability mass function (PMF) of X?


(b) Compute 𝑃(4 < 𝑋 ≤ 7).

5. Consider the random variables X and Y that represent the number of vehicles that arrive at two
separate street corners during a certain 2-minute period. These street corners are close together, so
it is important that traffic engineers deal with them jointly if necessary. The joint distribution of X
and Y is known to be:

(a) Are the two random variables X and Y independent? Explain why or why not.
(b) What is the probability that during the time period in question fewer than 4 vehicles arrive at
the two street corners?

6. A chemical process results in a batch of final product that contains impurities. The proportion of
impurities in a batch follows the probability density function:

(a) Show that the given function is a valid probability density function (PDF) by verifying that it
satisfies the two conditions of a PDF.
(b) A batch is considered unacceptable if the proportion of impurities exceeds 60%. What is the
probability that a randomly selected batch is unacceptable?

7. There is one error in one of five blocks of a program. To find the error, we test three randomly
selected blocks. Let X be the number of errors in these three blocks. Compute E(X) and Var(X).
8. Consider the joint density function

Compute correlation coefficient 𝜌𝑥𝑦 .

9. According to a study published by a group of University of Massachusetts sociologists, approximately


60% of the Valium users in the state of Massachusetts first took Valium for psychological problems.
Find the probability that among the next 8 users from this state who are interviewed:

(a) Exactly 3 began taking Valium for psychological problems.


(b) At least 5 began taking Valium for problems that were not psychological.

10. On average, 3 traffic accidents per month occur at a certain intersection. What is the probability
that in any given month at this intersection
(a) Exactly 5 accidents will occur?
(b) Fewer than 3 accidents will occur?
(c) At least 2 accidents will occur?

11. A technician plans to test a certain type of resin developed in the laboratory to determine the nature
of the time required before bonding takes place. It is known that the mean time to bonding is 3 hours
and the standard deviation is 0.5 hours. The resin will be considered an undesirable product if the
bonding time is either less than 1 hour or more than 4 hours.

(a) Comment on the utility of the resin.


(b) How often would its performance be considered undesirable? Assume that the time to bonding
is normally distributed.

12. The IQs of 600 applicants to a certain college are approximately normally distributed with a mean
of 115 and a standard deviation of 12. If the college requires an IQ of at least 95, how many of these
students will be rejected on this basis of IQ, regardless of their other qualifications? Note that IQs
are recorded to the nearest integers.

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