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Active Recall Guide For Chapter 2

This guide focuses on key concepts of communication networks, including networking basics, models, topologies, hardware, and data transmission. It encourages active recall through questions and answers, covering topics like LAN vs. WAN, client-server vs. peer-to-peer models, and wired vs. wireless networks. The guide also explains essential networking components like routers and DNS, and introduces bit streaming as a method of data transmission.

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philipos ephrem
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16 views5 pages

Active Recall Guide For Chapter 2

This guide focuses on key concepts of communication networks, including networking basics, models, topologies, hardware, and data transmission. It encourages active recall through questions and answers, covering topics like LAN vs. WAN, client-server vs. peer-to-peer models, and wired vs. wireless networks. The guide also explains essential networking components like routers and DNS, and introduces bit streaming as a method of data transmission.

Uploaded by

philipos ephrem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Active Recall Guide for Chapter 2: Communication (Detailed)

This guide will help you actively recall key concepts by challenging you to answer first before
checking the detailed explanation.

1. Networking Basics
❓ What is a network, and why is it important?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 A network is a system of connected devices (computers, servers, printers, etc.) that


share resources and communicate with each other.
 Networks allow for faster data transfer, centralized storage, and collaboration over
long distances.

❓ What are the two main types of networks? Explain their differences.

💡 Think first, then check below:

Feature LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)


Coverage Small area (home, office, school) Large area (cities, countries)
Ownership Private Public or private
Speed Faster (100 Mbps – 1 Gbps) Slower due to distance and congestion
Examples Office network, school WiFi The Internet, corporate networks

 LANs use Ethernet cables or WiFi to connect devices.


 WANs often rely on fiber-optic cables, satellites, and telecom providers to link
networks across locations.

2. Network Models
❓ What are the two main types of network models? Which is better and why?

💡 Think first, then check below:

Feature Client-Server Model Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Model


Structure Centralized server managing clients All devices are equal
Security High – controlled by the server Low – each device manages its own security
Performance Faster for large networks Slower when many devices are connected
Feature Client-Server Model Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Model
Examples Banking systems, company databases Home networks, torrent sharing

 Client-Server Model is better for security, efficiency, and scalability but requires
maintenance.
 P2P is simpler and cheaper but less secure and harder to manage for large networks.

3. Network Topologies
❓ What are the main network topologies? Describe each one.

💡 Think first, then check below:

Topology Description Pros Cons


Devices connect to a central If hub fails, entire network
Star Fast, easy to troubleshoot
hub/switch goes down
Devices share a single central Data collisions, slow
Bus Cheap, simple setup
cable performance
Every device connects to Redundant (no single
Mesh Expensive, complex setup
every other failure point)
Combination of multiple
Hybrid Flexible Requires careful planning
topologies

 Star topology is the most common because it’s fast and reliable.
 Mesh topology is best for critical systems (e.g., military, hospitals).

4. Networking Hardware
❓ What is the function of key network devices?

💡 Think first, then check below:

Device Function
Directs data between different networks (e.g., home network ↔
Router
internet).
Connects devices in a LAN and forwards data only to the intended
Switch
device.
Hub Broadcasts data to all devices (less efficient than a switch).
Modem Converts analog signals from ISPs into digital data for a computer.
Network Interface Card Allows a device to connect to a network (wired or wireless).
Device Function
(NIC)

5. Wired vs. Wireless Networks


❓ Compare wired and wireless networks.

💡 Think first, then check below:

Feature Wired Wireless


Speed Faster (up to 10 Gbps) Slower (50 Mbps – 1 Gbps)
Security More secure (harder to intercept data) Less secure (vulnerable to hacking)
Reliability Stable (no interference) Affected by walls, distance
Cost Requires cables and installation Cheaper, no cables needed

 Wired networks are better for gaming, offices, and data centers.
 Wireless networks are best for mobility and convenience.

6. The Internet & Web Technologies


❓ What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers.


 The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of web pages and resources accessed
via browsers.

📌 Analogy: The Internet is like a road system, while the WWW is the restaurants, shops,
and houses you visit.

7. IP Addressing & DNS


❓ What is an IP address? What are the types?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 An IP address is a unique identifier for a device on a network.


 IPv4 (32-bit): Example → 192.168.1.1 (limited addresses).
 IPv6 (128-bit): Example → 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 (more addresses).

❓ What does the Domain Name System (DNS) do?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 Converts domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.


 Allows users to access websites using names instead of numbers.

8. Data Transmission & Collision Management


❓ What is CSMA/CD, and why is it important in networking?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is used in


Ethernet to prevent data collisions.
 How it works:
1. Devices listen before sending data.
2. If the channel is clear, the device sends data.
3. If a collision occurs, devices wait and resend.

❓ What is bit streaming? What are its types?

💡 Think first, then check below:

 Bit streaming is the continuous transmission of digital data.


 Types:
o Real-time (live streams, video calls).
o On-demand (Netflix, YouTube).

Final Challenge: Apply Your Knowledge!


Try answering these questions without looking:

1. Explain the differences between LAN and WAN.


2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of client-server vs. peer-to-peer models.
3. Compare star topology and bus topology.
4. What is the role of a router in a network?
5. How does DNS work?
6. Why is IPv6 necessary, and how does it differ from IPv4?
7. What is CSMA/CD, and why is it important?
8. How does bit streaming work?

How to Use This Guide for Active Recall:

1. Cover the answers and try recalling each answer from memory.
2. Write down your answer before checking.
3. Repeat difficult questions until you remember them easily.
4. Explain topics aloud as if teaching someone else.

Would you like me to create practice quizzes or summary notes for this chapter? 🚀

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