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Expriment-5 - AOA

The document contains C programs that demonstrate solutions to three different problems: the n-queen problem with 5 queens, the subset sum problem using backtracking, and the m-coloring problem. Each program includes functions for solving the respective problems and displays the results. The output for each problem is also provided, showing successful configurations or solutions.

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22 views8 pages

Expriment-5 - AOA

The document contains C programs that demonstrate solutions to three different problems: the n-queen problem with 5 queens, the subset sum problem using backtracking, and the m-coloring problem. Each program includes functions for solving the respective problems and displays the results. The output for each problem is also provided, showing successful configurations or solutions.

Uploaded by

231114
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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/* To illustrate how to solve the n-queen problem with 5 queens */

#include<stdio.h>
#define BOARD_SIZE 5
void displayChess(int chBoard[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE]) {
for (int row = 0; row < BOARD_SIZE; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < BOARD_SIZE; col++)
printf("%d ", chBoard[row][col]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int isQueenPlaceValid(int chBoard[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE], int crntRow, int crntCol) {
// checking if queen is in the left or not
for (int i = 0; i < crntCol; i++)
if (chBoard[crntRow][i])
return 0;
for (int i = crntRow, j = crntCol; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
//checking if queen is in the left upper diagonal or not
if (chBoard[i][j])
return 0;
for (int i = crntRow, j = crntCol; j >= 0 && i < BOARD_SIZE; i++, j--)
//checking if queen is in the left lower diagonal or not
if (chBoard[i][j])
return 0;
return 1;
}
int solveProblem(int chBoard[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE], int crntCol) {
//when N queens are placed successfully
if (crntCol >= BOARD_SIZE)
return 1;
// checking placement of queen is possible or not
for (int i = 0; i < BOARD_SIZE; i++) {
if (isQueenPlaceValid(chBoard, i, crntCol)) {
//if validate, place the queen at place (i, col)
chBoard[i][crntCol] = 1;
//Go for the other columns recursively
if (solveProblem(chBoard, crntCol + 1))
return 1;
//When no place is vacant remove that queen
chBoard[i][crntCol] = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
int displaySolution() {
int chBoard[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE];
for(int i = 0; i < BOARD_SIZE; i++)
for(int j = 0; j < BOARD_SIZE; j++)
//set all elements to 0
chBoard[i][j] = 0;
//starting from 0th column
if (solveProblem(chBoard, 0) == 0) {
printf("Solution does not exist");
return 0;
}
displayChess(chBoard);
return 1;
}
int main() {
displaySolution();
return 0;
}
Output

10000

00010

01000

00001

00100

/* Program for Subset Sum (Backtracking) */


#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static int total_nodes;
void printValues(int A[], int size){
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%*d", 5, A[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
void subset_sum(int s[], int t[], int s_size, int t_size, int sum, int ite, int const target_sum){
total_nodes++;
if (target_sum == sum) {
printValues(t, t_size);
subset_sum(s, t, s_size, t_size - 1, sum - s[ite], ite + 1, target_sum);
return;
}
else {
for (int i = ite; i < s_size; i++) {
t[t_size] = s[i];
subset_sum(s, t, s_size, t_size + 1, sum + s[i], i + 1, target_sum);
}
}
}
void generateSubsets(int s[], int size, int target_sum){
int* tuplet_vector = (int*)malloc(size * sizeof(int));
subset_sum(s, tuplet_vector, size, 0, 0, 0, target_sum);
free(tuplet_vector);
}
int main(){
int set[] = { 5, 6, 12 , 54, 2 , 20 , 15 };
int size = sizeof(set) / sizeof(set[0]);
printf("The set is ");
printValues(set , size);
generateSubsets(set, size, 25);
printf("Total Nodes generated %d\n", total_nodes);
return 0;
}
The set is 5 6 12 54 2 20 15
5 6 12 2
5 20
Total Nodes generated 127

// C program for solution of M Coloring problem using backtracking


#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Number of vertices in the graph
#define V 4
void printSolution(int color[]);
/* A utility function to check if
the current color assignment
is safe for vertex v i.e. checks
whether the edge exists or not
(i.e, graph[v][i]==1). If exist
then checks whether the color to
be filled in the new vertex(c is
sent in the parameter) is already
used by its adjacent
vertices(i-->adj vertices) or
not (i.e, color[i]==c) */
bool isSafe(int v, bool graph[V][V], int color[], int c)
{
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
if (graph[v][i] && c == color[i])
return false;
return true;
}
/* A recursive utility function
to solve m coloring problem */
bool graphColoringUtil(bool graph[V][V], int m, int color[],
int v)
{
/* base case: If all vertices are
assigned a color then return true */
if (v == V)
return true;
/* Consider this vertex v and
try different colors */
for (int c = 1; c <= m; c++) {
/* Check if assignment of color
c to v is fine*/
if (isSafe(v, graph, color, c)) {
color[v] = c;
/* recur to assign colors to
rest of the vertices */
if (graphColoringUtil(graph, m, color, v + 1)
== true)
return true;
/* If assigning color c doesn't
lead to a solution then remove it */
color[v] = 0;
}
}
/* If no color can be assigned to
this vertex then return false */
return false;
}
/* This function solves the m Coloring
problem using Backtracking. It mainly
uses graphColoringUtil() to solve the
problem. It returns false if the m
colors cannot be assigned, otherwise
return true and prints assignments of
colors to all vertices. Please note
that there may be more than one solutions,
this function prints one of the
feasible solutions.*/
bool graphColoring(bool graph[V][V], int m)
{
// Initialize all color values as 0.
// This initialization is needed
// correct functioning of isSafe()
int color[V];
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
color[i] = 0;
// Call graphColoringUtil() for vertex 0
if (graphColoringUtil(graph, m, color, 0) == false) {
printf("Solution does not exist");
return false;
}
// Print the solution
printSolution(color);
return true;
}
/* A utility function to print solution */
void printSolution(int color[])
{
printf("Solution Exists:"
" Following are the assigned colors \n");
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
printf(" %d ", color[i]);
printf("\n");
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
/* Create following graph and test
whether it is 3 colorable
(3)---(2)
| / |
| / |
| / |
(0)---(1) */
bool graph[V][V] = {
{ 0, 1, 1, 1 },
{ 1, 0, 1, 0 },
{ 1, 1, 0, 1 },
{ 1, 0, 1, 0 },
};
int m = 3; // Number of colors
// Function call
graphColoring(graph, m);
return 0;
}
Solution Exists: Following are the assigned colors
1 2 3 2

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