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Weirs - Part 2

The document provides formulas for calculating flow over submerged sharp-crested weirs, including the general formula and the Villemonte formula. It includes sample problems demonstrating the application of these formulas to determine the length of weirs and the time for water level changes in reservoirs. Additionally, it discusses unsteady flow in weirs and presents a problem involving a V-notch weir to find its vertex angle.

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Maki Brent
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53 views17 pages

Weirs - Part 2

The document provides formulas for calculating flow over submerged sharp-crested weirs, including the general formula and the Villemonte formula. It includes sample problems demonstrating the application of these formulas to determine the length of weirs and the time for water level changes in reservoirs. Additionally, it discusses unsteady flow in weirs and presents a problem involving a V-notch weir to find its vertex angle.

Uploaded by

Maki Brent
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submerged Sharp-Crested Weir:

Formulas:
1. Formula for rectangular submerged weir

Q = 1.713L(H1 − H2 )3 2 + 3.544LH2 H1 − H2
Submerged Sharp-Crested Weir:
2. Villemonte Formula
 H n  0.385


Q = Q' 1 −  2  
  H1  

where:
Q’ = flow when the head is H1 and the
weir is not submerged
Q ' = 1.84LH 3 2 (for rectangular weir)
 52
Q ' = 1.4 tan H (for triangular weir)
2
n = 1.5 for rectangular weir
n = 2.5 for triangular weir
Sample Problem No. 9:
A rectangular suppressed weir 80 cm high is built
across a rectangular flume 10 m wide. The
measured head is 40 cm of water. Some distance
upstream is another weir having a height of 1.10
m. The measured head on the second weir is 50
cm. Find the length of the second weir. Use (a)
General Formula, (b) Villemonte Formula.

0.50 m
0.40 m

1.10 m 0.80 m
Sample Problem No. 9:
0.10 m
0.50 m
0.40 m

1.10 m 0.80 m

Weir 2 Weir 1
Given:
Weir 1: P = 0.80m; L = 10 m; H = 0.40 m
Weir 2: P = 1.10m; H = 0.50 m
Required: Length of the weir 2
Solution:
Weir 1 is a free-flow weir.
Weir 2 is a submerged weir.
Sample Problem No. 9:
0.10 m
0.50 m
0.40 m

1.10 m 0.80 m

Weir 2 Weir 1

Free-flow Weir: P = 0.80m; L = 10 m; H = 0.40 m


Submerged Weir 2: P = 1.10m; H1= 0.50 m
H2= 0.10 m
Solution for (a):

Q = 1.713L(H1 − H2 ) 3 2 + 3.544LH2 H1 − H2
For Free-flow Weir: P = 0.80m; L = 10 m; H = 0.40 m

Solve for the discharge over free-flow weir


32
Q = 1.84L 1H
Q = 1.84(10)(0.4) 3 2

Q = 4.655 m3/s

For the submerged weir: H1= 0.50 m; H2= 0.10 m

Q = 1.713L(H1 − H2 ) 3 2 + 3.544LH2 H1 − H2
4.655 = 1.713L(0.5 − 0.1)3 2 + 3.544L(0.1) 0.5 − 0.1
L = 7.08 m
Q = 4.655 m3/s
H1 = 0.50m; H2 = 0.10 m
(b) Villemonte Formula
𝒏 𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝑯𝟐
𝑸 = 𝑸′ 𝟏 −
𝑯𝟏

but 𝑸′ = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝑳𝑯𝟑Τ𝟐
𝟏.𝟓 𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝟑 Τ𝟐
𝟎. 𝟏
𝟒. 𝟔𝟓𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝑳(𝟎. 𝟓) 𝟏−
𝟎. 𝟓

L = 7.42 m
Unsteady Flow in Weirs
The time required for the liquid surface in
the reservoir or channel controlled by a weir
to drop from H1 to H2 is
𝑯𝟏
𝑨𝒅𝑯
𝒕=න
𝑯𝟐 𝑸
where:
t = in seconds
Q = discharge over the weir
A = horizontal sectional area of the reservoir
H1 = initial head over the weir
H2 = final head over the weir
Unsteady Flow in Weirs
For rectangular weir,

𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= −
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝑳 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟏

For triangular weir,


𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= −
𝜽 𝑯𝟐 𝟑/𝟐 𝑯𝟏 𝟑/𝟐
𝟒. 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
Sample Problem No. 10:
A concrete spillway controls a reservoir having an area
of 4.6 ha. The length of the spillway is 8 m. Use Francis
formula.
a. How long will it take for the water to be drawn
from elev. 92 m to elev. 90 m if the flashboard is
removed? Assume crest elevation of 89 m.
b. If the water, after removing the flash board, is
drawn from elev. 92 m to elev. 91 m in 30 minutes,
determine the crest elevation.
c. If the permanent crest is at elevation 90 m, and the
water is drawn from elev. 92 m, what would be the
final elevation of the water surface after 20
minutes?
A concrete spillway controls a reservoir having an area
of 4.6 ha. The length of the spillway is 8 m. Use Francis
formula.

A = 4.6 ha
a. How long will it take for the water to be drawn from
elev. 92 m to elev. 90 m if the flashboard is removed?
Assume crest elevation of 89 m.

Initial Elev. 92 m H1 = 3 m
Final H2 = 1 m
Elev. 90 m
Elev. 89 m
L=8m
𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= −
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟏
𝟐(𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎) 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= − = 𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝒔
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝟏 𝟑
𝒕 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒊𝒏
b. If the water, after removing the flash board, is drawn
from elev. 92 m to elev. 91 m in 30 minutes,
determine the crest elevation.

Initial Elev. 92 m t = 30 min


Final Elev. 91 m H1 = x
Crest Elev. =? H2 = x -1
L=8m
𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= − 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐯
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟏 = 𝟗𝟐 − 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝐦
𝟐(𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎) 𝟏 𝟏 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝟓 𝐦
𝟑𝟎(𝟔𝟎) = −
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝒎
c. If the permanent crest is at elevation 90 m, and the
water is drawn from elev. 92 m, what would be the
final elevation of the water surface after 20 minutes?

Initial Elev. 92 m t = 20 min


Final Elev. = ? H1 = 2
Elev. 90 m H2 = x
L=8m
𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= − 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐯
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟏 = 𝟗𝟎 + 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟕
𝟐(𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎) 𝟏 𝟏 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟕 𝐦
𝟐𝟎(𝟔𝟎) = −
𝟏. 𝟖𝟒(𝟖) 𝒙 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟕 𝒎
Sample Problem No. 11:
A V-notch weir is located or cut at one end of a tank
having a horizontal 10-meter square section. If the
initial head on the weir is 1.2 meters and it takes
375 seconds to discharge 100 cubic meters of water,
what could have been the vertex angle of the weir.

h=1 m H1=1.2 m
Solution
𝟐𝑨 𝟏 𝟏
𝒕= −
𝜽 𝑯𝟐 𝟑/𝟐 𝑯𝟏 𝟑/𝟐
𝟒. 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎) 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑𝟕𝟓 = −
𝜽 𝟎. 𝟐 𝟑/𝟐 𝟏. 𝟐 𝟑/𝟐
𝟒. 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟖𝟒°

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