COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

COMPUTER
ONE SHOT
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• INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
• HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
• INTERNET AND NETWORK
• MISCELLANEOUS
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 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is NOT a type of personal computer?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा पससिि कंप्यट

ू र का प्रकार िह ं है ?

1. Mainframe computer
2. Palmtop computer
3. Laptop
4. Desktop computer
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Classification of computers:
1. Based on the use of Hardware

2. Based on Methodolgy

3. Based on Size and Work performance

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1. Based on the use of Hard ware-

I. First Generation
II. Second Generation
III. Third Generation
IV. Fourth Generation
V. Fifth Generation
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2. Based on Methodology

I. Analog computer
II. Digital Computer
III. Hybrid Computers
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3. Based on the Size and work performance

I. Mainframe Computers
II. Mini Computers
III. Micro Computers
IV. Super Computers
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Analog Computers:-

➢ Analog Machine was ➢ एिािॉग मशीि िॉर्स केल्विि

introduced by Lord Kelvin. द्िारा पेश की गई थी।

➢ In Analog computers ➢ एिािॉग कंप्यट

ू र में
numerical data are संख्यात्मक र्ेटा को मापिे
represented by measurable योग्य भौनतक चर, जैसे विद्युत
physical variables, such as िोवटे ज, दबाि, तापमाि आदद
electrical voltage, pressure, द्िारा दशासया जाता है ।
temperature etc.
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 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Digital Computers:-

➢ Digital computers process ➢ डर्ल्जटि कंप्यट

ू र सचू िा को
information which is संसाधित करते हैं जो अनििायस
essentially in a binary or रूप से एक बाइिर या दो
two state form, namely zero अिस्था रूप में होती है , अथासत ्
and one. शन्ू य और एक।
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Hybrid Computers:-
➢ The feature of analog and ➢ हाइब्रिर् कंप्यट
ू र बिािे के लिए
digital machines are एिािॉग और डर्ल्जटि मशीिों
combined to create a की सवु ििा को जोडा जाता है ।
hybrid computers.
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Digital computers are further classified in to :-

➢ Micro Computers

➢ Mini Computers

➢ Mainframes Computers

➢ Super Computers
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Micro Computers:-
➢ Microcomputer is also known as a ➢ माइक्रो कंप्यूटर को पससिि कंप्यट ू र भी कहा
personal computer. जाता है ।
➢ These are single user. ➢ ये लसंगि यूजर हैं।
➢ It is a general-purpose computer ➢ यह एक सामान्य-उद्दे श्य िािा कंप्यट ू र है
that is designed for individual use. ल्जसे व्यल्ततगत उपयोग के लिए डर्जाइि
ककया गया है ।
➢
➢
➢ It has a microprocessor as a central ➢ इसमें सेंट्रि प्रोसेलसंग यूनिट, मेमोर , स्टोरे ज
processing unit, memory, storage एररया, इिपट ु यनू िट और आउटपट ु यनू िट
area, input unit and output unit. के रूप में माइक्रोप्रोसेसर होता है ।

➢ Laptops and desktop computers are ➢ िैपटॉप और र्ेस्कटॉप कंप्यट

ू र माइक्रो
examples of microcomputers. कंप्यूटर के उदाहरण हैं।
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1. Personal Computer
2. Work Station
3. Laptop or Notebook
4. Netbook
5. Tablet Computer
6. Palmtop
7. PDA
8. Smart phone
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Mini Computers:-
➢ Mini computers are powerful ➢ माइक्रो कंप्यूटर की तुििा में लमिी कंप्यूटर
computer as compare to micro शल्ततशाि कंप्यट ू र होते हैं।
computers. ➢ िे बहुउपयोगकतास कंप्यूटर हैं।
➢ They are multiuser computers.
➢ इसमें उच्च मेमोर है , माइक्रो कंप्यट
ू र की
➢ It has higher memory, provide faster
तुििा में तेज ऑपरे दटंग गनत और बडी
operating speeds and larger storage भंर्ारण क्षमता प्रदाि करता है और सिसर के
capacities than microcomputer and रूप में उपयोग ककया जाता है ।
used as server.
➢ Used in – ➢ प्रयोग-
• Process Control – Factories • प्रकक्रया नियंत्रण - कारिािे
• Data management – Hospitals • र्ेटा प्रबंिि - अस्पताि
• Communication Portals • संचार पोटस ि
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Main frame Computers:-

➢ A mainframes computer is different ➢ एक मेिफ्रेम कंप्यूटर माइक्रो और लमिी से
from micro and mini. अिग होता है ।

➢ It has very high memory and ➢ इसमें बहुत अधिक मेमोर और प्रोसेलसंग
स्पीर् है और सिसर के रूप में उपयोग ककया
processing speed and used as server
जाता है (हजारों उपयोगकतासओं का समथसि
(can support thousands of users). कर सकता है )।

➢ A mainframe is a high a performance ➢ मेिफ्रेम एक उच्च प्रदशसि िािा कंप्यूटर है

computer used for large-scale ल्जसका उपयोग बडे पैमािे पर कंप्यदू टंग
computing purposes. उद्दे श्यों के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ Use – Railway reservations ➢ उपयोग - रे ििे आरक्षण

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Super Computers:-
➢ Super computer is a different ➢ सुपर कंप्यूटर एक अिग प्रकार का
type of computer and can be कंप्यटू र है और इसका उपयोग जदटि
used for complex type of प्रकार के अिप्र
ु योगों के लिए ककया जा
सकता है ।
application.
➢ जैसे: िैज्ञानिक अिुसंिाि, मौसम की
➢ e.g: scientific research, भविष्यिाणी, हधथयार डर्जाइनिंग आदद।
weather forecasting, weapon
designing etc.
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The first computer made available for commercial use was-

व्यािसानयक उपयोग के लिए उपिब्ि कराया गया पहिा कंप्यूटर था

1. MANIAC
2. ENIAC
3. UNIVAC
4. EDSAC

MANIAC - Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator and Automatic Computer.

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer
EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
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About History of computer:-

1. Abacus is calculating device, developed by Chinese.

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Some facts about History of computer:-

2. NAPIER’S BONS-
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3. First Mechanical Calculator – Pascaline (1642)

Invented By-
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3. Difference Engine (1822)

Developed By:-
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4. Analytical Engine (1842)

Developed by :-
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5. First fully electronic computer:-

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The ENIAC was invented

by -
J. Presper Eckert
and
John Mauchly.
(1946)
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6. EDVAC :- (Electronic Discrete Variable Automation Computer)

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7. UNIVAC
➢ Universal Automatic computer
➢ First computer used as commercial
purposes.
➢ It was designed principally by J.
Presper Eckert and John Mauchly,
the inventors of the ENIAC.
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Generations of Computer

First Generation

Time – 1942 – 1955

Hardware – Vaccum Tubes

Memory – Magnetic Drums

Language - Machine Language

Examples- ENIAC,EDSAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC
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Generations of Computer

Second Generation

Time – 1956-1964
Hardware – Transistors

Memory - Magnetic Tapes/Cores

Language - Assembly Language, High level
Language like FORTRAN, COBOL
Examples- IBM 700/IBM 7030
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Generations of Computer

THIRD Generation

Time – 1965-1975

Hardware – Integrated Chips

Memory – RAM and Disks

Language - C , C++ , Java ,SQL

Examples- CRAY-1 , IBM 360 etc
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Generations of Computer

Fourth Generation

Time – 1976-1989

Hardware – LSI & VLSI

Memory – All primary , secondary storage devices

Language - SQL , ORACLE

Examples- All pcs and Desktops etc
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Generations of Computer

Fifth Generation

Time – 1990 – till date

Hardware – ULSI

Chief
Development - Artificial intelligence , Robotics and
Nano science
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The first mechanical computer designed by Charles Babbage was called:

चावसस बैबेज द्िारा डर्जाइि ककया गया पहिा मैकेनिकि कंप्यूटर कहिाता था:

1. Abacus
2. Analytical Engine
3. Calculator
4. Processor
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Which generation were computers bulky, vacuum based and costly?

कौि सी पीढ के कंप्यूटर भार , िैतयूम आिाररत और महं गे थे?

1. Fourth generation
2. Third generation
3. First generation
4. Fifth generation
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What is the full form of VR in computer technology?

कंप्यूटर प्रौद्योधगकी में िी.आर. का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Virtual Reality
2. Visual Reality
3. Vocal Resonance
4. Visual Range
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SAGA-220 was developed by Indian Space Research Organization. What is SAGA-

220?
SAGA-220 को भारतीय अंतररक्ष अिुसंिाि संगठि द्िारा विकलसत ककया गया था। SAGA-
220 तया है ?

1. Pacemaker
2. Satellite
3. Super Computer
4. Missile
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What was the first computer created by JW Mauchly and J Presper Eckert with
NO mechanical parts?

जे.र्ब्ि.ू मौचि और जे. प्रेस्पर एकटस द्िारा ब्रबिा ककसी यांब्रत्रक भाग के बिाया गया पहिा
कंप्यूटर कौि सा था?
1. Mark II
2. EDVAC
3. Mark I
4. ENIAC
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In which generation of computers were FORTRAN and COBOL languages first

used?
फोरट्राि और कोबोि भाषाओं का पहि बार प्रयोग ककस पीढ के कम्प्यूटरों में ककया गया
था?

1. II Generation
2. I Generation
3. V Generation
4. IV Generation
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Write the name of the supercomputer developed by Tata Group in 2007.

2007 में टाटा समूह द्िारा विकलसत सुपर कंप्यूटर का िाम लिखिए।

1. Cray 3
2.HITAC S-300
3. EKA
4. PARAM
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Which of these is NOT a computer characteristic?

इिमें से कौि सी कंप्यूटर विशेषता िह ं है ?

1. Intelligence quotient
2. Data storage
3. Speed
4. Accuracy
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Characteristics of Computer:-

1. Speed / गनत

➢ Speed of computer Processor :-

➢ Speed of Computer measures in :-

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Characteristics of Computer:-

2. Accuracy / त्रदु ट रदहत कायस

3. Storage Capacity / भंर्ारण क्षमता

4. Reliability / विश्िसिीयता
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Characteristics of Computer:-
5. Versatility / विवििता

6. Diligence / Agility / िगि/ स्फूनतस

7. Fast Retrieval / भंर्ाररत सच

ू िा को तीव्र गनत से प्राप्त करिा
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The name of the 1st electronic digital computer of the world is:

विश्ि के प्रथम इिेतट्रॉनिक डर्ल्जटि कंप्यूटर का िाम है :

1. PARAM
2. PROLOG
3. UNIVAC
4. ENIAC
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Data processing doesn't involve:

र्ेटा प्रोसेलसंग में निम्िलिखित शालमि िह ं है :

1. Data manipulation
2. Data computation
3. Information management
4. Database installation
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Working Principle of Computer System:-

1. Inputting / इिपट ु
2. Storing / स्टोररंग
3. Processing / प्रोसेलसंग
4. Outputting / आउटपुदटंग
5. Controlling / नियंत्रण
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Which of the following is NOT a computer component?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा कंप्यूटर घटक िह ं है ?

1. Memory
2. Paper
3. CPU
4.ALU
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Components of Computer:-

1. Input Unit
2. Storage Unit or Memory Unit
3. System Unit
i. Mother board
ii. Central Processing Unit
iii. Primary or Main Memory
4. Output Unit
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In the Computer field, FORTRAN stands for:

कंप्यूटर क्षेत्र में , FORTRAN का अथस है :

1. Formula Translation
2. Format Transformer
3. Forensic Transistor
4. Foreign Transmitter
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Who invented the computer mouse?

कम्प्यट
ू र माउस का आविष्कार ककसिे ककया?

(a) Gene Dolgoff.

(b) Brendon Eich.
(c) Douglas Engelbart.
(d) Federico Faggin.
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Blue ray disc is

ब्िू रे डर्स्क है

1. An IC device
2. An optical Device
3. Both of the above
4. None of the above
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What are the three constituents of CPU in a computer?

कंप्यूटर में सीपीयू के तीि घटक तया हैं?

1. Control unit, ALU, keyboard

2. Control unit, ALU, memory
3. Monitor, memory, control unit
4. Monitor, ALU, memory
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____ and ___ are the two kinds of sound effects files that can be added in
Microsoft PowerPoint.

____ और ___ दो प्रकार की ध्िनि प्रभाि फाइिें हैं ल्जन्हें माइक्रोसॉफ्ट पािरपॉइंट में जोडा
जा सकता है ।

1. .wav files, .mid files

2. .jpg files, .pdf files
3. .wav files, .jpg files
4. .doc files, .gif files
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Which of the following is an example of non-volatile memory?:

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा गैर-िाष्पशीि मेमोर का उदाहरण है ?

1. LSI
2. RAM
3. ROM
4. VLSI
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Primary Memory
➢ Primary memory is also known as the computer system's main
memory that communicates directly within the CPU, Auxiliary
memory and the Cache memory.

➢ Main memory is used to kept programs or data when the

processor is active to use them.

➢ The primary memory is volatile, which means the data in memory

can be lost if it is not saved when a power failure occurs.
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Primary Memory
➢ प्राथलमक मेमोर को कंप्यूटर लसस्टम की मख्
ु य मेमोर के रूप में भी जािा
जाता है जो सीिे सीपीयू, सहायक मेमोर और कैश मेमोर के भीतर संचार
करती है ।

➢ मख् ु य मेमोर का उपयोग प्रोग्राम या र्ेटा को रििे के लिए ककया जाता है जब

प्रोसेसर उिका उपयोग करिे के लिए सकक्रय होता है ।

➢ प्राथलमक मेमोर अल्स्थर होती है , ल्जसका अथस है कक यदद ब्रबजि की विफिता

होिे पर मेमोर में र्ेटा को सहे जा िह ं जाता है तो िह िो सकता है ।
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Primary Memory
The primary memory is further divided into two
parts:

i.

ii.
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Random Access Memory (RAM)

➢ Random Access Memory (RAM) is one of the faster types
of main memory accessed directly by the CPU.
➢ It is used to read/write data in memory until the
machine is working.
➢ It is volatile which means if a power failure occurs or the
computer is turned off, the information stored in RAM
will be lost.
➢ All data stored in computer memory can be read or
accessed randomly at any time.
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Random Access Memory (RAM)

➢ रैंर्म एतसेस मेमोर (RAM) मख् ु य मेमोर के सबसे तेज प्रकारों में से
एक है ल्जसे CPU द्िारा सीिे एतसेस ककया जाता है ।
➢ इसका उपयोग मशीि के काम करिे तक मेमोर में र्ेटा पढिे/लिििे
के लिए ककया जाता है ।
➢ यह अल्स्थर है ल्जसका अथस है कक यदद ब्रबजि की विफिता होती है
या कंप्यूटर बंद हो जाता है , तो RAM में संग्रह त जािकार िो
जाएगी।
➢ कंप्यूटर मेमोर में संग्रह त सभी र्ेटा को ककसी भी समय यादृल्च्िक
रूप से पढा या एतसेस ककया जा सकता है ।
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Random Access Memory (RAM)

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Random Access Memory (RAM)

➢ There are two types of RAM-

1. DRAM

2. SRAM
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DRAM
➢ DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) is a type of
RAM that is used for the dynamic storage of data in
RAM.

➢ It requires continuously refreshed to retain the data.

➢ It is slower than SRAM.
➢ It holds a large amount of data
➢ It is the combination of capacitor and transistor.
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DRAM
➢ DRAM (र्ायिेलमक रैंर्म-एतसेस मेमोर ) RAM का एक
प्रकार है ल्जसका उपयोग RAM में र्ेटा के गनतशीि भंर्ारण
के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ र्ेटा को बिाए रििे के लिए इसे िगातार ररफ्रेश करिे की

आिश्यकता होती है ।
➢ यह SRAM से िीमा है ।
➢ यह बडी मात्रा में र्ेटा रिता है
➢ यह कैपेलसटर और ट्रांल्जस्टर का संयोजि है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

SRAM
➢ SRMA (Static Random-Access Memory) is a type of RAM
used to store static data in the memory.
➢ It means to store data in SRAM remains active as long as
the computer system has a power supply.

➢ Data is lost in SRAM when power failures have occurred.

➢ It does not require to refresh.
➢ It is faster than DRAM.
➢ Uses as a cache memory
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

SRAM
➢ SRAM (स्टे दटक रैंर्म-एतसेस मेमोर ) RAM का एक प्रकार है ल्जसका
उपयोग मेमोर में ल्स्थर र्ेटा को संग्रह त करिे के लिए ककया जाता है ।
➢ इसका मतिब है कक SRAM में संग्रह त र्ेटा तब तक सकक्रय रहता है
जब तक कंप्यट ू र लसस्टम में ब्रबजि की आपनू तस होती है ।
➢ ब्रबजि की विफिता होिे पर SRAM में र्ेटा िो जाता है ।
➢ इसे ररफ्रेश करिे की आिश्यकता िह ं होती है ।
➢ यह DRAM से तेज है ।
➢ कैश मेमोर के रूप में उपयोग ककया जाता है
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

➢ ROM is a memory device or storage medium that is used
to permanently store information inside a chip.
➢ It is a read-only memory that can only read stored
information, data or programs, but we cannot write or
modify anything.
➢ A ROM contains some important instructions or program
data that are required to start or boot a computer.
➢ It is a non-volatile memory.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

➢ ROM एक मेमोर डर्िाइस या स्टोरे ज माध्यम है ल्जसका उपयोग

धचप के अंदर स्थायी रूप से जािकार संग्रह त करिे के लिए ककया
जाता है ।
➢ यह एक र र्-ओिि मेमोर है जो केिि संग्रह त जािकार , र्ेटा या
प्रोग्राम को पढ सकती है , िेककि हम कुि भी लिि या संशोधित
िह ं कर सकते हैं।
➢ ROM में कुि महत्िपण ू स निदे श या प्रोग्राम र्ेटा होते हैं जो कंप्यट
ू र
को शरू ु या बट
ू करिे के लिए आिश्यक होते हैं।
➢ यह एक गैर-िाष्पशीि मेमोर है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

1. MROM (Masked Read Only Memory):

➢ MROM is the oldest type of read-only memory whose

program or data is pre-configured by the integrated
circuit manufacture at the time of manufacturing.

➢ Therefore, a program or instruction stored within the

MROM chip cannot be changed by the user.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

1. एम.आर.ओ.एम. (मास्तर् र र् ओिि मेमोर ):

➢ एम.आर.ओ.एम. र र्-ओिि मेमोर का सबसे पुरािा प्रकार

है , ल्जसका प्रोग्राम या र्ेटा निमासण के समय एकीकृत
सककसट निमासता द्िारा पि ू -स कॉल्न्फगर ककया जाता है ।

➢ इसलिए, एम.आर.ओ.एम. धचप के भीतर संग्रह त प्रोग्राम

या निदे श को उपयोगकतास द्िारा बदिा िह ं जा सकता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

2. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory):

➢ It is a type of digital read-only memory, in which the user

can write any type of information or program only once.

➢ It means it is the empty PROM chip in which the user can

write the desired content or program only once using the
special PROM programmer or PROM burner device; after
that, the data or instruction cannot be changed or erased.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

2. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory):

➢ यह एक प्रकार की डर्ल्जटि र र्-ओिि मेमोर है , ल्जसमें

उपयोगकतास ककसी भी प्रकार की सच ू िा या प्रोग्राम को केिि
एक बार ह लिि सकता है ।
➢ इसका मतिब है कक यह िाि PROM धचप है ल्जसमें
उपयोगकतास विशेष PROM प्रोग्रामर या PROM बिसर डर्िाइस
का उपयोग करके केिि एक बार िांनित सामग्री या प्रोग्राम
लिि सकता है ; उसके बाद, र्ेटा या निदे श को बदिा या
लमटाया िह ं जा सकता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

3. EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory):

➢ It is the type of read only memory in which stored data can

be erased and re-programmed only once in the EPROM
memory.
➢ It is a non-volatile memory chip.
➢ If we want to erase any stored data and re-programmed it,
first, we need to pass the ultraviolet light for 40 minutes to
erase the data.
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Read-Only Memory (ROM)

3. EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory):

➢ यह केिि पढिे योग्य मेमोर का प्रकार है ल्जसमें संग्रह त

र्ेटा को EPROM मेमोर में केिि एक बार लमटाया और पुिः
प्रोग्राम ककया जा सकता है ।
➢ यह एक गैर-िाष्पशीि मेमोर धचप है ।
➢ यदद हम ककसी संग्रह त र्ेटा को लमटािा चाहते हैं और इसे
कफर से प्रोग्राम करिा चाहते हैं, तो सबसे पहिे, हमें र्ेटा को
लमटािे के लिए 40 लमिट के लिए पराबैंगिी प्रकाश से
गज ु रिा होगा।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

4. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only
Memory):

➢ The EEROM is an electrically erasable and programmable

read only memory used to erase stored data using a high
voltage electrical charge and re-programmed it.
➢ It is also a non-volatile memory.
➢ In EEPROM, the stored data can be erased and
reprogrammed up to 10 thousand times, and the data erase
one byte at a time.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

4. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only
Memory):

➢ EEROM एक विद्युत रूप से लमटािे योग्य और प्रोग्राम करिे योग्य र र्

ओिि मेमोर है ल्जसका उपयोग उच्च िोवटे ज विद्युत आिेश का
उपयोग करके संग्रह त र्ेटा को लमटािे और इसे कफर से प्रोग्राम करिे के
लिए ककया जाता है ।
➢ यह एक गैर-िाष्पशीि मेमोर भी है ।
➢ EEPROM में , संग्रह त र्ेटा को 10 हजार बार तक लमटाया और पुिः
प्रोग्राम ककया जा सकता है , और र्ेटा एक बार में एक बाइट लमटाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

5. Flash ROM:

➢ Flash memory is a non-volatile storage memory chip that can be

written or programmed in small units called Block or Sector.

➢ Flash Memory is an EEPROM form of computer memory, and the

contents or data cannot be lost when the power source is turned off.

➢ It is also used to transfer data between the computer and digital

devices.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

5. Flash ROM:

➢ फ्िैश मेमोर एक गैर-िाष्पशीि स्टोरे ज मेमोर धचप है ल्जसे ब्िॉक या

सेतटर िामक िोट इकाइयों में लििा या प्रोग्राम ककया जा सकता है ।

➢ फ्िैश मेमोर कंप्यूटर मेमोर का एक EEPROM रूप है , और पािर स्रोत

बंद होिे पर भी इसकी सामग्री या र्ेटा िो िह ं सकता है ।

➢ इसका उपयोग कंप्यट

ू र और डर्ल्जटि उपकरणों के बीच र्ेटा स्थािांतररत
करिे के लिए भी ककया जाता है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Secondary Memory
➢ Secondary memory is a permanent storage space to hold a
large amount of data.

➢ Secondary memory is also known as external memory that

representing the various storage media (hard drives, USB,
CDs, flash drives and DVDs)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Secondary Memory
➢ सेकेंर्र मेमोर एक स्थायी स्टोरे ज स्पेस है ल्जसमें बडी मात्रा
में र्ेटा रिा जाता है ।

➢ सेकेंर्र मेमोर को एतसटिसि मेमोर के िाम से भी जािा

जाता है जो विलभन्ि स्टोरे ज मीडर्या (हार्स ड्राइि, यए
ू सबी,
सीर्ी, फ्िैश ड्राइि और र्ीिीर्ी) का प्रनतनिधित्ि करती है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

1. HARD DISK

➢ A hard disk is a computer's

permanent storage device.

➢ It is a non-volatile disk

➢ It is also known as magnetic

Disc.
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HARD DISK - Types

➢ Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

➢ Solid State Drive (SSD)

COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Interfaces of connecting hard Disk

• Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA)

• Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

• NVMe (Non-volatile Memory Express)

 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

SSD:-
• A solid-state drive (SSD) is a type of computer storage device
that uses flash memory to store data.

• Solid-state drives work by using electronic circuits to store

and retrieve data.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

2. FLOPPY DISK

➢ A floppy disk is a secondary storage

system that consisting of thin, flexible
magnetic coating disks for holding
electronic data such as computer files.
➢ It is also known as Floppy Diskette that
comes in three sizes like 8 inches, 5.5
inches and 3.5 inches.
➢ It store data up to 1.44 MB.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

2. FLOPPY DISK

➢ फ्िॉपी डर्स्क एक सेकेंर्र स्टोरे ज लसस्टम

है ल्जसमें इिेतट्रॉनिक र्ेटा जैसे कंप्यट
ू र
फाइिों को रििे के लिए पति , िचीि
चंब
ु कीय कोदटंग िाि डर्स्क होती है ।
➢ इसे फ्िॉपी डर्स्केट के िाम से भी जािा
जाता है जो 8 इंच, 5.5 इंच और 3.5 इंच
जैसे तीि आकारों में आती है ।
➢ यह 1.44 एमबी तक र्ेटा स्टोर करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

3. CD (Compact Disc)
➢ A CD is an optical disk storage device.

➢ It is a storage device.

➢ It can store approximately 783 MB of

data size.

➢ It uses laser light to read and write data

from the CDs.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

3. CD (Compact Disc)
➢ सीर्ी एक ऑल्प्टकि डर्स्क स्टोरे ज डर्िाइस है ।

➢ यह एक स्टोरे ज डर्िाइस है ।

➢ यह िगभग 783 एमबी र्ेटा साइज स्टोर कर

सकता है ।

➢ यह सीर्ी से र्ेटा पढिे और लिििे के लिए िेजर

िाइट का उपयोग करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of CD :-
1. CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory): Users can only read
data, text, music, videos from the disc, but they cannot modify or
burnt it.

2. CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable): The type of Compact Disc used to

write once by the user; after that, it cannot be modified or erased.

3. CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable): It is a rewritable CD disc, often

used to write or delete the stored data.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of CD :-
1. सीर्ी-रोम (कॉम्पैतट डर्स्क र र् ओिि मेमोर ): उपयोगकतास डर्स्क से
केिि र्ेटा, टे तस्ट, संगीत, िीडर्यो पढ सकते हैं, िेककि िे इसे
संशोधित या बिस िह ं कर सकते।

2. सीर्ी-आर (कॉम्पैतट डर्स्क ररकॉर्ेबि): कॉम्पैतट डर्स्क का प्रकार

ल्जसका उपयोग उपयोगकतास द्िारा एक बार लिििे के लिए ककया
जाता है ; उसके बाद, इसे संशोधित या लमटाया िह ं जा सकता।

3. सीर्ी-आरर्ब्वयू (कॉम्पैतट डर्स्क र राइटे बि): यह एक र राइटे बि

सीर्ी डर्स्क है , ल्जसका उपयोग अतसर संग्रह त र्ेटा को लिििे या
हटािे के लिए ककया जाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

4. DVD Drive/Disc

➢ DVD is an optical disc storage

device, stands for Digital Video
Display or Digital Versatile Disc.

➢ It has the same size as a CD but can

store a larger amount of data than
a compact disc.
➢ The storing capacity of data in DVD
is 4.7 GB to 17 GB.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

4. DVD Drive/Disc
➢ र्ीिीर्ी एक ऑल्प्टकि डर्स्क स्टोरे ज
डर्िाइस है , ल्जसका मतिब है डर्ल्जटि
िीडर्यो डर्स्प्िे या डर्ल्जटि िसेटाइि
डर्स्क।

➢ इसका आकार सीर्ी ल्जतिा ह होता है ,

िेककि यह कॉम्पैतट डर्स्क की तुििा में
ज़्यादा मात्रा में र्ेटा स्टोर कर सकता है ।

➢ र्ीिीर्ी में र्ेटा स्टोर करिे की क्षमता 4.7

जीबी से 17 जीबी तक होती है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

5. Blu Ray Disc (BD)

➢ Blu Ray is an Optical disc storage device used

to store a large amount of data or high
definition of video recording and playing
other media files.

➢ Blu-ray Discs provide 28 GB of space to store

data.
➢ Diameter - 120 mm / 12 cm / 4.75 inches
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

5. Blu Ray Disc (BD)

➢ ब्िू रे एक ऑल्प्टकि डर्स्क स्टोरे ज डर्िाइस

है ल्जसका उपयोग बडी मात्रा में र्ेटा या हाई
र्ेकफिेशि िीडर्यो ररकॉडर्िंग और अन्य मीडर्या
फाइिों को चिािे के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ ब्ि-ू रे डर्स्क र्ेटा स्टोर करिे के लिए 28

जीबी स्पेस प्रदाि करती है ।
➢ व्यास - 120 लममी / 12 सेमी / 4.75 इंच
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

6. Pen Drive
➢ A pen drive is a portable device used to
permanently store data and is also known as a
USB flash drive.

➢ It is commonly used to store and transfer the

data connected to a computer using a USB
port.

➢ The storing capacity of pen drives from 64 MB

to 128 GB or more.
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6. Pen Drive
➢ पेि ड्राइि एक पोटे बि डर्िाइस है ल्जसका उपयोग र्ेटा
को स्थायी रूप से संग्रह त करिे के लिए ककया जाता है
और इसे USB फ्िैश ड्राइि के रूप में भी जािा जाता है ।

➢ इसका उपयोग आमतौर पर USB पोटस का उपयोग करके

कंप्यट
ू र से जड
ु े र्ेटा को संग्रह त करिे और स्थािांतररत
करिे के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ पेि ड्राइि की भंर्ारण क्षमता 64 एमबी से 128 जीबी

या उससे अधिक होती है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is the most common device that accepts letters, numbers
and command from a user?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा सबसे सामान्य उपकरण है जो उपयोगकतास से अक्षर, संख्या

और आदे श स्िीकार करता है ?

1. USB
2. Optical Mouse
3. Sensitive Screen or touch screen
4. Keyboard
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following shutdown methods is often called Warm Boot?

निम्िलिखित में से ककस शटर्ाउि विधि को अतसर िामस बट

ू कहा जाता है ?

1. Restart
2. Sleep
3. Shut Down
4. Hibernate
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Booting :-
The process of loading ऑपरे दटंग लसस्टम को डर्स्क
operating system from disk से रै म में िोर् करिे की
to RAM is called Booting. प्रकक्रया को बूदटंग कहा जाता
है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Booting:-

1. Warm Booting:-

The process of चाि/ू काम करिे की ल्स्थनत

restarting/turning on the में कंप्यट
ू र को कफर से
computer which is under शरूु /चािू करिे की प्रकक्रया।
on/working position.
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Types of Booting:-

2. Warm Booting:-

The process of starting/turning कंप्यूटर को चाि/ू चािू करिे

on the computer which is under की प्रकक्रया जो ल्स्थनत में बंद
off condition. है ।
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Booting Procedure:-
Load BIOS

Perform POST

Load Operating System

Check Configuration Settings

 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an input device which can sense light, and is used to
point at spots on a video screen?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा इिपट ु डर्िाइस है जो प्रकाश को महससू कर सकता है , और

इसका उपयोग िीडर्यो स्क्रीि पर स्पॉट्स को इंधगत करिे के लिए ककया जाता है ?

1. Light pen
2. Plotter
3. Mouse
4. Joystick
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Input Unit:-
Input Device:-
An input device is a piece of hardware that allows a user to communicate
with a computer or other digital system by translating user actions into
electronic signals.

इिपटु डर्िाइस हार्सिेयर का एक दहस्सा है जो उपयोगकतास को उपयोगकतास की कक्रयाओं

को इिेतट्रॉनिक संकेतों में पररिनतसत करके कंप्यट
ू र या अन्य डर्ल्जटि लसस्टम के साथ
संचार करिे की अिम ु नत दे ता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Input Devices
Mouse Joystick
Keyboard Barcode Readers
Microphone Reel camera
Scanner OCR
CD-Drive OMR
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Input Devices
Webcam Touch Screen
Trackball Voice Recognition Devices
Light pen
Graphic Tablet
MICR
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Mouse
A mouse is a __________________ , which is
held in one hand moved across a flat surface.
माउस एक ___________ है , ल्जसे एक हाथ
में पकडकर सपाट सतह पर घुमाया जाता है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Keyboard
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Keyboard

Most Common Layout for keyboard-

Function Keys-

Modifier Keys-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Keyboard

Toggle Keys:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Scroll Lock Key

The Scroll Lock key on a

कीबोर्स पर स्क्रॉि िॉक कंु जी स्क्रॉलिंग और
keyboard toggles between scrolling
िॉि-स्क्रॉलिंग मोर् के बीच टॉगि करती है ।
and non-scrolling modes. When Scroll
जब स्क्रॉि िॉक चािू होता है , तो तीर कंु ल्जयााँ
Lock is on, the arrow keys will scroll
कससर को दहिािे के बजाय टे तस्ट विंर्ो या
the contents of a text window or
िकसशीट की सामग्री को स्क्रॉि करें गी। यह
worksheet instead of moving the
आपको गिती से स्क्रॉि ककए ब्रबिा या पष्ृ ठ
cursor. This allows you to navigate a
पर आगे बढे ब्रबिा दस्तािेज को िेविगेट करिे
document without accidentally
की अिुमनत दे ता है ।
scrolling or moving through the page.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Output Unit:-

Output Devices:-
An output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts
information or data into a human-perceptible form

आउटपट ु डर्िाइस कंप्यट

ू र हार्सिेयर का कोई भी टुकडा है जो सच
ू िा या
र्ेटा को मािि-बोिगम्य रूप में पररिनतसत करता है
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Output Devices:-
Monitor Projector
Printer speech Synthesizer
Plotter
Speaker
Touch Screen
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Monitor
➢ The device mostly used for viewing output.
➢ It is also called visual Display Unit (VDU)
➢ Monitors clarity is based on its Resolution.
➢ Resolution is measured in Dpi (dots per inch)
➢ Each dot is called pixel.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Monitor
➢ डर्िाइस का उपयोग ज़्यादातर आउटपट
ु दे ििे
के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ इसे विजुअि डर्स्प्िे यनू िट (VDU) भी कहा

जाता है ।

➢ मॉनिटर की स्पष्टता उसके ररजॉवयश

ू ि पर
आिाररत होती है ।

➢ ररजॉवयश ू ि को Dpi (र्ॉट्स प्रनत इंच) में मापा

जाता है ।

➢ प्रत्येक र्ॉट को वपतसेि कहा जाता है ।

COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Monitor Types

➢ CRT
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Monitor Types

➢ LCD
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Monitor Types

➢ LED
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Monitor Types

➢ TFT
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Printers
➢ Types:-

1.

2.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which one of the following is not an operating system?:

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा एक ऑपरे दटंग लसस्टम िह ं है ?

1. Java
2. Mint
3. MS DOS
4. Ubuntu
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following languages does a computer use to process data?

कंप्यूटर र्ेटा को प्रोसेस करिे के लिए निम्िलिखित में से ककस भाषा का उपयोग करता है ?

1. BASIC
2. COBOL
3. Windows
4. Binary
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा गित है ?

1. 1MB=210 KB
2.1GB = 230 bytes
3. 1GB= 220 bytes
4.1MB=223 bit
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Memory Measurements
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which one of the following is not an operating system?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा एक ऑपरे दटंग लसस्टम िह ं है ?

1. macOS
2. MS Windows
3. Microsoft Office
4. Linux
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Ubuntu, Mint and Fedora are versions of:

उबंटू, लमंट और फेर्ोरा इिके संस्करण हैं:

1. Windows 10
2. MS DOS
3.Apple MAC OS X
4. Linux
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Operating System
➢ It is the system software ➢ यह कंप्यटू र कायों का
and supervisor of computer लसस्टम सॉफ्टिेयर और
functions. पयसिेक्षक है ।

➢ It creates interface between ➢ यह यजू र और कंप्यट

ू र के
user and computer. बीच इंटरफेस बिाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Examples:-

▪ Windows Microsoft
▪ Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, and Arch Linux)
▪ MS –DOS
▪ Unix
▪ Solaries
▪ Apple Macintosh
▪ Mobile phone O/s
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of COBOL?

कोबोि का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Common Open Business Objective Language

2. Computer Operative Business Oriented Language
3. Common Business-Oriented Language
4. Computer Operative Business Objective Language
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a system for displaying colour graphics. It was
developed by:

िीडर्यो ग्राकफतस ऐरे (VGA) रं गीि ग्राकफतस प्रदलशसत करिे की एक प्रणाि है । इसे ककसिे
विकलसत ककया:

1. IBM
2. Macintosh
3. Microsoft
4. Apple
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is not a high-level language?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सी उच्च स्तर य भाषा िह ं है ?

1. C++
2. Machine language
3. Java
4. C
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What does OCR stand for?

OCR का तया अथस है ?

1. Optical Computer Recording

2. Optimum Colour Recognition
3. Optimum Computer Recording
4. Optical Character Recognition
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following does NOT impact a computer's general performance?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा कंप्यूटर के सामान्य प्रदशसि को प्रभावित िह ं करता है ?

1. Size of the Graphics Card

2. CPU Speed
3. RAM Size
4. Hard Disc Speed
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Select the option in which the words share the same relationship as that shared
by the given pair of words.

Memory = RAM

DFDिह विकवप चुिें ल्जसमें शब्द उसी संबंि को साझा करते हैं जो ददए गए शब्दों के जोडे
द्िारा साझा ककया जाता है ।

मेमोर = RAM

1. Keyboard = Alphabets
2. Hard Disk = USB
3. CPU = Monitor
4. Printer = LaserJet
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Four words have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and
one is different. Select the odd one.

चार शब्द ददए गए हैं, ल्जिमें से तीि ककसी तरह से समाि हैं और एक अिग है । बेजोड
का चयि करें ।

1. CD-ROM
2. Motherboard
3. Hard disk
4. Keyboard
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Normally, A QWERTY keyboard has keys.

सामान्यतः QWERTY कीबोर्स में कंु ल्जयााँ होती हैं।

1.120
2.98
3. 104
4. 100
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an application software?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा एक एप्ि केशि सॉफ्टिेयर है ?

1. LINUX
2. UNIX
3. macOS
4. Graphics
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Software:-

The set of programs written by

programmers to perform some
specific tasks is called software.

कुि विलशष्ट कायों को करिे

के लिए प्रोग्रामरों द्िारा लििे
गए प्रोग्रामों के सेट को
सॉफ्टिेयर कहा जाता है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Software
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

1. System Software

➢ The software which ➢ िह सॉफ्टिेयर जो कंप्यूटर की

performs various types of फाइिों को प्रबंधित और
functions in order to व्यिल्स्थत करिे के लिए विलभन्ि
manage and organize files of प्रकार के कायस करता है ।
computer.
➢ कंप्यूटर चिािे के लिए यह
➢ It is mandatory software to अनििायस सॉफ्टिेयर है ।
run a computer.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Examples:-
▪ All operating Systems like,
▪ Windows Microsoft
▪ Linux
▪ MS –DOS
▪ Unix
▪ Solaries
▪ Ubuntu
▪ Apple Macintosh
▪ Mobile phone O/s
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Examples:-

▪ Server Programs
▪ Device Drivers
▪ Loader
▪ Linker
▪ Language Processor (translator)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

2. Application Software
➢ These are end – user ➢ ये एंर्-यूजर प्रोग्राम हैं जो
programs that do real work यूजसस के लिए िास्तविक
for users. काम करते हैं।

➢ It cannot run without ➢ यह लसस्टम सॉफ्टिेयर के

system software. ब्रबिा िह ं चि सकता है ।

➢ These are created for user ➢ ये लसफस यज

ू र की सवु ििा
convenience only. के लिए बिाए गए हैं।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Examples:-

➢ MS word
➢ MS powerpoint
➢ MS excel
➢ MS excel
➢ Adobe reader
➢ corel draw
➢ photoshop, etc
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

3. Utility Software
➢ These are the software that ➢ ये सॉफ्टिेयर हैं जो र्ेटा
maintain and check for को स्कैि और प्रबंधित
health of computer by करके कंप्यटू र के स्िास््य
scanning and managing को बिाए रिते हैं और
data. उसकी जांच करते हैं।
➢ These softwares perform a ➢ ये सॉफ्टिेयर एक ह
single specific task. विलशष्ट कायस करते हैं।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Examples:-

➢ Disk checkup
➢ Disk Restore
➢ Disk backup
➢ Disk format
➢ Disk compression
➢ Antivirus
➢ firewall
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Line, Daisy Wheel, Laser and Drum are types of:

िाइि, र्ेजी व्ह ि, िेजर और ड्रम निम्िलिखित प्रकार के हैं:

1. Printers
2. Scanners
3. Photocopiers
4. Plotters
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Unix, MS DOS, Linux are examples of:

यूनितस, एमएस र्ॉस, लिितस इसके उदाहरण हैं:

1. Computers
2. Brands of printers
3. Operating Systems
4. Printers
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

1 gigabyte equals to:

1 गीगाबाइट बराबर है :

1. 1000 megabytes
2. 100 megabytes
3. 10 megabytes
4. 10000 megabytes
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of DOS?

र्ॉस का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Device Outsourcing System

2. Device Operating System
3. Different Operating System
4. Disk Operating System
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is a Visual Display Unit (VDU)?

विजअ
ु ि डर्स्प्िे यूनिट (VDU) तया है ?

1. Storage unit
2. Monitor
3. Server
4. System memory
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

A hard disk is an example of which type of data storage device?

हार्स डर्स्क ककस प्रकार के र्ेटा भंर्ारण उपकरण का उदाहरण है ?

1. Tertiary storage
2. Primary storage
3. Secondary storage
4. Off-line storage
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of RDRAM?

आरर्ीआरएएम का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory

2. Read Disc Random Access Memory
3. Read Dynamic Random Arrays Material
4. Removable Disc Read Access Module
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

The capacity of a 3.5-inch floppy disk is:

3.5 इंच फ्िॉपी डर्स्क की क्षमता है :

1. 1.40MB
2. 1.44 MB
3.1GB
4. 2.44MB
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Four words have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and
one is different. Select the odd one.

Hard disk, RAM, Mouse, Motherboard.

चार शब्द ददए गए हैं, ल्जिमें से तीि ककसी ि ककसी तरह से समाि हैं और एक अिग है ।
विषम शब्द का चयि करें ।

हार्स डर्स्क, रै म, माउस, मदरबोर्स।

1. Hard disk
2. Motherboard board
3. RAM
4. Mouse
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which among the following is the largest unit of memory of a computer system?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सी कंप्यूटर लसस्टम की मेमोर की सबसे बडी इकाई है ?

1. Exabyte
2. Yottabyte
3. Petabyte
4. Zetabyte
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which is the primary memory of a computer?

कंप्यूटर की प्राथलमक मेमोर कौि सी है ?

1. RAM
2. DVD
3. USB
4. CD
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

A computer monitor is also known by the name:

कंप्यूटर मॉनिटर को इस िाम से भी जािा जाता है :

1. CCTV
2. LED
3. CPU
4. VDU
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an input device?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि इिपुट डर्िाइस है ?

1. Mouse
2. Printer
3. Speaker
4. monitor
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

The name of the 1st electronic digital computer of the world is:

विश्ि के प्रथम इिेतट्रॉनिक डर्ल्जटि कंप्यूटर का िाम है :

1. PARAM
2. PROLOG
3. UNIVAC
4. ENIAC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

ESS is a Computer based system that allows users to transform enterprise data.
ESS stands for:

ईएसएस एक कंप्यूटर आिाररत प्रणाि है जो उपयोगकतासओं को एंटरप्राइज र्ेटा को बदििे

की अिम
ु नत दे ती है । ईएसएस का मतिब है :

1. Executive Support System

2. Executive Series System
3. Executive Senior System
4. Executive Service System
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In simplex channel, the flow of data is

लसंप्िेतस चैिि में र्ेटा का प्रिाह होता है

1. In both directions, but one at a time

2. Always in both direction
3. Always in one direction
4. None of the above
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Communication
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Data Communication र्ेटा संचार

Data Communication are the
exchange of data between two र्ेटा संचार दो उपकरणों के बीच ककसी
devices via some form of प्रकार के ट्रांसलमशि माध्यम जैसे
transmission medium such as िायर केबि के माध्यम से र्ेटा का
wire cable. Communication can आदाि-प्रदाि है । संचार को एक समूह
be defined as the exchange of या व्यल्तत और दस ू रे समूह या व्यल्तत
information between one group के बीच सूचिा के आदाि-प्रदाि के रूप
or person and another group or में पररभावषत ककया जा सकता है ।
person.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Components of Data Communication

1. Message
2. Sender
3. Receiver
4. Transmission Medium
5. Set of Rules
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 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Data Communication

1. Simplex Communication: 1. लसंप्िेतस संचार:

यह एकतरफा संचार है या हम कह
It is one-way communication or we सकते हैं कक यनू िर्ायरे तशिि
can say that unidirectional कम्यनु िकेशि ल्जसमें एक डर्िाइस
communication in which one device केिि प्राप्त करता है और दस ू रा
only receives and another device only डर्िाइस केिि र्ेटा भेजता है और
sends data and devices uses their डर्िाइस ट्रांसलमशि में अपिी परू
क्षमता का उपयोग करता है ।
entire capacity in transmission.
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Types of Data Communication

2. Half Duplex communication: 2. हाफ र्ुप्िेतस संचार:

It is a two-way communication or यह एक दोतरफा संचार है या हम

we can say that it is a bidirectional कह सकते हैं कक यह एक द्विददश
संचार है ल्जसमें दोिों डर्िाइस र्ेटा
communication in which both the
भेज और प्राप्त कर सकते हैं िेककि
devices can send and receive data एक ह समय में िह ं। जब एक
but not at the same time. When डर्िाइस र्ेटा भेज रहा है तो दसू रा
one device is sending data then डर्िाइस केिि प्राप्त कर रहा है और
another device is only receiving and इसके विपर त।
vice-versa.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Data Communication

3. Full-duplex communication: 3. पण
ू -स द्िैि संचार:

It is a two-way communication or यह एक दोतरफा संचार है या हम

we can say that it is a bidirectional कह सकते हैं कक यह एक द्विददश
संचार है ल्जसमें दोिों डर्िाइस एक
communication in which both the
ह समय में र्ेटा भेज और प्राप्त कर
devices can send and receive data सकते हैं।
at the same time.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

UPLOADING :-
The process of transferring data from a
computer to the internet. For example,
uploading a photo to a social media site.

कंप्यट
ू र से इंटरिेट पर र्ेटा ट्रांसफर करिे
की प्रकक्रया। उदाहरण के लिए, ककसी
सोशि मीडर्या साइट पर फोटो अपिोर्
करिा।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

DOWNLOADING:-
The process of transferring data
from the internet to a computer.
For example, watching a video or
opening a document.

इंटरिेट से कंप्यट
ू र पर र्ेटा
स्थािांतररत करिे की प्रकक्रया।
उदाहरण के लिए, कोई िीडर्यो
दे ििा या कोई दस्तािेज
िोििा।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of DHCP in networking system?

िेटिककिंग लसस्टम में DHCP का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

2. Data Host Control Panel
3. Dynamic Host Control Point
4. Display House Control Protocol
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

LIST OF IMPORTANT PROTOCOLS

 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Ensures reliable, ordered, and

error-checked delivery of data
between applications.

अिुप्रयोगों के बीच र्ेटा का

विश्िसिीय, व्यिल्स्थत और
त्रदु ट-जांधचत वितरण सनु िल्श्चत
करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Provides a simpler, connectionless

communication method without
guaranteed delivery, often used in
streaming and gaming.
यह सरि, किेतशि रदहत संचार
पद्िनत है , ल्जसकी डर्ि िर की
गारं ट िह ं होती, ल्जसका उपयोग
अतसर स्ट्र लमंग और गेलमंग में
ककया जाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

3. IP (Internet Protocol)

Responsible for addressing and

routing packets of data across
networks. IPv4 and IPv6 are the
two versions.

िेटिकस पर र्ेटा पैकेट को संबोधित

करिे और रूट करिे के लिए
ल्जम्मेदार। IPv4 और IPv6 इसके दो
संस्करण हैं।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

4. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Used for transferring web pages on

the internet; forms the foundation of
data communication on the World
Wide Web.

इंटरिेट पर िेब पेजों को स्थािांतररत

करिे के लिए उपयोग ककया जाता है ;
िवर्स िाइर् िेब पर र्ेटा संचार का
आिार बिाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

5. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

An extension of HTTP that uses

SSL/TLS to encrypt data for secure
communication.

HTTP का एक एतसटें शि जो सरु क्षक्षत

संचार के लिए र्ेटा एल्न्क्रप्ट करिे हे तु
SSL/TLS का उपयोग करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Used for transferring files between

computers on a network, supporting
both upload and download.

िेटिकस पर कंप्यूटरों के बीच फाइिों को

स्थािांतररत करिे के लिए उपयोग
ककया जाता है , अपिोर् और र्ाउििोर्
दोिों का समथसि करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

7. SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)

A secure version of FTP that uses SSH

to encrypt the transfer of files.

FTP का एक सरु क्षक्षत संस्करण जो

फाइिों के स्थािांतरण को एल्न्क्रप्ट
करिे के लिए SSH का उपयोग करता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

8. DNS (Domain Name System)

Translates domain names into IP

addresses, enabling browsers to load
internet resources.

र्ोमेि िामों को आईपी पते में

अिुिाददत करता है , ल्जससे िाउजर
इंटरिेट संसाििों को िोर् करिे में
सक्षम हो जाता है ।
The DNS was invented by Paul Mockapetris in 1983.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

9. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Automatically assigns IP addresses to

devices on a network, simplifying
network management.

िेटिकस पर डर्िाइसों को स्िचालित रूप

से आईपी पते प्रदाि करता है , ल्जससे
िेटिकस प्रबंिि सरि हो जाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

10. TLS/SSL (Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer)

Protocols for encrypting data sent over

a network to secure communications.

संचार को सरु क्षक्षत करिे के लिए

िेटिकस पर भेजे गए र्ेटा को एल्न्क्रप्ट
करिे के लिए प्रोटोकॉि।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

11. SSH (Secure Shell)

A protocol for securely accessing and

managing network devices and servers
over an unsecured network.
असरु क्षक्षत िेटिकस पर िेटिकस डर्िाइसों
और सिसरों तक सरु क्षक्षत रूप से पहुंचिे
और उन्हें प्रबंधित करिे के लिए एक
प्रोटोकॉि।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

12. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Used for managing and monitoring

network devices.

िेटिकस उपकरणों के प्रबंिि और

निगरािी के लिए उपयोग ककया जाता
है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

13. Telnet

A protocol for text-based

communication with remote devices,
but not secure.

दरू स्थ उपकरणों के साथ पाठ-आिाररत

संचार के लिए एक प्रोटोकॉि, िेककि
सरु क्षक्षत िह ं।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

14. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

A protocol for exchanging routing

information between different
networks on the internet.

इंटरिेट पर विलभन्ि िेटिकों के बीच

रूदटंग सचू िा के आदाि-प्रदाि के लिए
एक प्रोटोकॉि।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

15. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

Used for network diagnostics and

error reporting, commonly seen in the
ping command.

िेटिकस र्ायग्िोल्स्टतस और त्रदु ट

ररपोदटिं ग के लिए उपयोग ककया जाता
है , ल्जसे सामान्यतः वपंग कमांर् में दे िा
जाता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following best describes - A method of storing and transmitting

data in a particular coded form so that only those can read and process it for
whom it is intended. It includes encoding and decoding of data'?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा सबसे अच्िा िणसि करता है - र्ेटा को एक विशेष कोडर्त रूप
में संग्रह त और संचाररत करिे की विधि ताकक केिि िे ह इसे पढ और संसाधित कर सकें
ल्जिके लिए यह अलभप्रेत है । इसमें र्ेटा की एन्कोडर्ंग और डर्कोडर्ंग शालमि है '?

1. Block chain
2. Programming
3. Cryptography
4. Cloud computing
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Free of cost repair of software bug available at Internet is called ....

इंटरिेट पर उपिब्ि सॉफ्टिेयर बग की मफ्

ु त मरम्मत को .... कहा जाता है ।

1. Version
2. Ad-on
3. Tutorial
4. Patch
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

____ refers to unsolicited commercial emails that flood the Internet.

____ का तात्पयस उि अिचाहे िाखणल्ययक ई-मेि से है जो इंटरिेट पर बहुतायत में आते

हैं।

1. Spyware
2. Trojan Horse
3. Malware
4. Spam
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Trojan Horse

It is a malware that disguises itself यह एक मैििेयर है जो उपयोगकतास के

as a legitimate program to gain डर्िाइस तक पहुंच प्राप्त करिे और र्ेटा
access to a user's device and चोर , जासूसी, एंट िायरस को अक्षम करिे,
मैििेयर र्ाउििोर् करिे, कंप्यूटर को
perform malicious actions like हाईजैक करिे, फाइिों को हटािे जैसी
Stealing data, Spying , Disabling दभ ु ासििापण
ू स कक्रयाएं करिे के लिए िुद को
antivirus, Downloading malware, एक िैि प्रोग्राम के रूप में प्रच्िन्ि करता
Hijacking computer , Deleting files है ।
.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Trojan Horse

It is a malware that disguises यह एक मैििेयर है जो उपयोगकतास के

itself as a legitimate program to डर्िाइस तक पहुंच प्राप्त करिे और र्ेटा
चोर , जासस ू ी, एंट िायरस को अक्षम करिे,
gain access to a user's device and मैििेयर र्ाउििोर् करिे, कंप्यट ू र को
perform malicious actions like हाईजैक करिे, फाइिों को हटािे जैसी
Stealing data, Spying , Disabling दभ ु ासििापण
ू स कक्रयाएं करिे के लिए िद ु को
antivirus, Downloading malware, एक िैि प्रोग्राम के रूप में प्रच्िन्ि करता
Hijacking computer , Deleting है ।
files .
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Malware :-
Malware stands for malicious software. It is
programs that are used to damage computer
system, gather sensitive information, or gain
access to private computer systems.

मैििेयर का मतिब है दभ ु ासििापूणस सॉफ़्टिेयर। यह

ऐसे प्रोग्राम हैं ल्जिका उपयोग कंप्यट ू र लसस्टम को
िक
ु साि पहुाँचािे, संिेदिशीि जािकार इकट्ठा
करिे या निजी कंप्यूटर लसस्टम तक पहुाँच प्राप्त
करिे के लिए ककया जाता है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What facilitates remote login on a computer?

कंप्यूटर पर दरू स्थ िॉधगि की सुवििा तया है ?

1. HTTP
2. Telnet
3. FTP
4. RTP
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Who invented 'www'?

'www' का आविष्कार ककसिे ककया?

1. Robert E. Kahn
2. Charles babbage
3. Vint Cerf
4. Tim Berners-Lee
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is URL?

यूआरएि तया है ?

1. Address of the web page displayed on the internet

2. A web browser
3. A computer software
4. Searching engine
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Structure of URL:-
Address of website is of the following format:

"http://www.google.com"

http …………… hyper text transfer protocol

www ………… world wide web
Google ……… domain name
.com …………. types of domain.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which is not a web browser from the following?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा िेब िाउजर िह ं है ?

1. Opera
2. Mozilla Firefox
3. Google
4. Safari
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an incorrect pair of abbreviation and its full form?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा संक्षक्षप्त िाम और उसके पूणस रूप का गित जोडा है ?

1. DBMS- Data Base Management System

2. URL-Uniform Reserve Locator
3. RAM- Random Access Memory
4. FAX- Facsimile
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which technology is used to provide high speed internet access over traditional
modem lines?
पारं पररक मॉर्ेम िाइिों पर उच्च गनत इंटरिेट पहुंच प्रदाि करिे के लिए ककस प्रौद्योधगकी
का उपयोग ककया जाता है ?

1. ADSL
2. VDU
3. LAN
4. Routers
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

1. Dial-Up Connection

1. A dial-up connection is established between your computer and the ISP

server using a modem.
2. A dial-Up Connection is a cheap
3. this type of connection is very slow.
4. To access the internet connection in the dial-up connection we need to dial
a phone number.
5. It requires a modem to set up a dial-up connection, which works as
interference between your computer and the telephone line.

6. In this connection, we can use either an internet connection or telephone at

a time.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

1. र्ायि-अप किेतशि

1. एक मॉर्ेम का उपयोग करके आपके कंप्यूटर और ISP सिसर के बीच एक

र्ायि-अप किेतशि स्थावपत ककया जाता है ।
2. र्ायि-अप किेतशि सस्ता है
3. इस प्रकार का किेतशि बहुत िीमा है ।
4. र्ायि-अप किेतशि में इंटरिेट किेतशि तक पहुंचिे के लिए हमें एक फोि
िंबर र्ायि करिा होगा।
5. र्ायि-अप किेतशि स्थावपत करिे के लिए इसे एक मॉर्ेम की आिश्यकता
होती है , जो आपके कंप्यूटर और टे ि फोि िाइि के बीच हस्तक्षेप का काम
करता है ।

6. इस संबंि में , हम एक बार में इंटरिेट किेतशि या टे ि फोि का उपयोग कर

सकते हैं।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Dial-Up Connection
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

2. Broadband Connection

1. Broadband refers to high-speed internet access that is faster than traditional

dial-up access.
2. It does not require any telephone connection that’s why here we can use
telephone and internet connection simultaneously.
3. In this connection, more than one person can access the internet connection
simultaneously.
4. In this connection, the medium used is coaxial cable, optical fiber cable,
radio, or twisted pair cable.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

2. िॉर्बैंर् किेतशि

1. िॉर्बैंर् हाई-स्पीर् इंटरिेट एतसेस को संदलभसत करता है जो पारं पररक र्ायि-

अप एतसेस की तुििा में तेज है ।

2. इसके लिए ककसी टे ि फोि किेतशि की आिश्यकता िह ं होती है इसलिए

यहां हम टे ि फोि और इंटरिेट किेतशि का एक साथ उपयोग कर सकते हैं।

3. इस संबंि में , एक से अधिक व्यल्तत एक साथ इंटरिेट किेतशि का उपयोग

कर सकते हैं।

4. इस संबंि में , उपयोग ककया जािे िािा माध्यम समाक्षीय केबि, ऑल्प्टकि
फाइबर केबि, रे डर्यो या मुड जोडी केबि है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Broadband Connection
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

3. DSL

1. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.

2. It provides an internet connection through the telephone line(network).
3. DSL is a form of broadband communication that is always on, there is no
need to dial a phone number to connect.
4.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

3. र्ीएसएि

1. DSL का मतिब डर्ल्जटि सब्सक्राइबर िाइि है ।

2. यह टे ि फोि िाइि (िेटिकस) के माध्यम से एक इंटरिेट किेतशि प्रदाि

करता है ।

3. DSL िॉर्बैंर् संचार का एक रूप है जो हमेशा चािू रहता है , किेतट करिे के

लिए फोि िंबर र्ायि करिे की कोई आिश्यकता िह ं है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

4. Cable

1. It is a form of broadband access cable modem that can provide extremely

fast access to the internet.
2. The speed of this connection varies which can be different for uploading
data transmission or downloading.
3. It uses a cable modem to provide an internet connection and operates over
cable TV lines.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

4. केबि

1. यह िॉर्बैंर् एतसेस केबि मॉर्म का एक रूप है जो इंटरिेट तक बेहद तेजी से

पहुंच प्रदाि कर सकता है ।

2. इस किेतशि की गनत लभन्ि होती है जो र्ेटा ट्रांसलमशि या र्ाउििोडर्ंग

अपिोर् करिे के लिए लभन्ि हो सकती है ।

3. यह इंटरिेट किेतशि प्रदाि करिे के लिए केबि मॉर्ेम का उपयोग करता है

और केबि ट िी िाइिों पर काम करता है ।
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

5. Satellite Connection

1. This type of connection is provided mainly in rural areas where a

broadband connection is not yet offered.

2. It accesses the internet via a satellite that is in Earth’s orbit.

3. It is a wireless connection.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Internet Connection

5. सैटेिाइट किेतशि

1. इस प्रकार का किेतशि मुख्यतः ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में प्रदाि ककया जाता है जहााँ
अभी तक िॉर्बैंर् किेतशि की पेशकश िह ं की गई है ।

2. यह एक उपग्रह के माध्यम से इंटरिेट का उपयोग करता है जो प्

ृ िी की
कक्षा में है ।

3. यह एक िायरिेस किेतशि है ।
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Types of Internet Connection

6. Wireless Connection

1. wireless connection does not use telephone lines or cables to

connect to the internet.
2. he wireless connection uses a radio frequency band to connect
to the internet.
3. It is also an always-on connection and this connection can be
accessed from anywhere and speed may vary for different
locations.
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Types of Internet Connection

6. िायरिेस किेतशि

1. िायरिेस किेतशि इंटरिेट से किेतट करिे के लिए टे ि फोि

िाइिों या केबिों का उपयोग िह ं करता है ।
2. िह िायरिेस किेतशि इंटरिेट से किेतट करिे के लिए रे डर्यो
फ्रीतिें सी बैंर् का उपयोग करता है ।
3. यह हमेशा ऑि रहिे िािा किेतशि भी है और इस किेतशि
को कह ं से भी एतसेस ककया जा सकता है और विलभन्ि स्थािों
के लिए गनत लभन्ि हो सकती है ।
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GPRS stands for:

जीपीआरएस का तात्पयस है :

1. Guiding Packet Radio Systems

2. General Popular Radio Systems
3. General Packet Radio Services
4. General Payment Radio Services
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What does CDMA stand for?

सीर्ीएमए का तया अथस है ?

1. Code Division Maximum Access

2. Code Division Multiple Access
3. Core Division Multiple Access
4. Core Division Maximum Access
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा कथि गित है ?

1. Hotmail is the first free web-based email service introduced in 1995.
2. The first computer in India was installed in the Indian Statistical Institute,
Kolkata.
3. Vint Cerf is recognised as one of the 'Fathers of the Internet'.
4. In internet terminology, IP means Internet Practice.

1. हॉटमेि 1995 में शुरू की गई पहि मफ़् ु त िेब-आिाररत ईमेि सेिा है ।

2. भारत में पहिा कंप्यट ू र भारतीय सांल्ख्यकी संस्थाि, कोिकाता में स्थावपत
ककया गया था।
3. विंट सफस को 'इंटरिेट के जिक' में से एक मािा जाता है ।
4. इंटरिेट शब्दािि में , IP का मतिब इंटरिेट प्रैल्तटस है।
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In a web address, the domain indicator (suffix) '.com' stands for:

िेब पते में , र्ोमेि सूचक (प्रत्यय) '.com' का अथस है:

1. computer
2. communication
3. common
4. commercial
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Types of Domain:-
Domain Names: र्ोमेि िाम:

Most organizations use अधिकांश संगठि ऐसे र्ोमेि िामों का

उपयोग करते हैं ल्जन्हें याद रििा
domain names that are easy
आसाि होता है । प्रत्येक र्ोमेि िाम
to remember. Each domain एक पहचािकतास के साथ समाप्त होता
name ends with an identifier है जो आपको बताता है कक यह ककस
that tells you what type of प्रकार की िेबसाइट है ।
Website it is.
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Various types of domain:

.com - commercial
.edu or ac - educational or academic
.mil - military
.net - belonging to networking or internet service provider company
.org - organizational
.gov - government
.info - informational sites
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Which of the following protocols is used for WWW?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा प्रोटोकॉि WWW के लिए उपयोग ककया जाता है ?

1. HTTP
2. TCP/IP
3. FTP
4. SMTP
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A shared network within an organisation to provide connectivity to its staff is:

ककसी संगठि के भीतर अपिे कमसचाररयों को किेल्तटविट प्रदाि करिे के लिए एक साझा
िेटिकस है :

1. extranet
2. internet
3. intranet
4. telnet
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Terms Relating Internet :

1. Intranet:
एक संगठि में लसस्टम का िेटिकस
The network of systems with in an और बाहर संगठिों द्िारा एतसेस
organisation and not able to accessed करिे में सक्षम िह ं है ।
by the outside organizations.
Ex: Campus and Corporate networks, उदाहरण: कैं पस और कॉपोरे ट िेटिकस,
Database in CID (CrimeInvestigation सीआईर्ी में र्ेटाबेस (अपराि जांच
Department) विभाग)
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2. Extranet:

The organization given permission संगठि िे ककसी अन्य संगठि के

to outside another organization to बाहर अपिे र्ेटा तक पहुंचिे की
access their data, this is possible अिम ु नत द , यह एतस्ट्रािेट के
through extranet. माध्यम से संभि है ।
Ex: A campus extranet would allow उदाहरण: एक कैं पस एतस्ट्रािेट
parents of the college student to कॉिेज के िात्र के माता-वपता को
log in and pay tution FEE and look िॉग इि करिे और ट्यश ू ि शुवक
at other information. का भग ु ताि करिे और अन्य
जािकार दे ििे की अिम ु नत दे गा।
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3.Protocol :-
The set of governing rules on network are called protocols

िेटिकस पर गिनििंग नियमों के सेट को प्रोटोकॉि कहा जाता है

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4. TelNet:-
It is a protocol that allows the यह एक प्रोटोकॉि है जो लसस्टम को
system to connect remote र्ेटा और इंटरिेट तक पहुाँचिे के लिए
computer for accessing data दरू स्थ कंप्यट
ू र को जोडिे की अिमु नत
दे ता है
and internet
उदाहरण: यदद ए और बी टे ििेट
Ex: If A and B are two systems प्रोटोकॉि िािे दो लसस्टम हैं, टे ििेट के
having Telnet protocol, only A बजाय केिि ए के पास इंटरिेट सुवििा
is having Internet facility than है , तो बी भी इंटरिेट सुवििा का
through Telnet, B also can use उपयोग कर सकता है ।
internet facility.
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World Wide Web (WWW):

❑ िवर्स िाइर् िेब इंटरिेट के माध्यम से
❑ The World Wide Web is a system of एतसेस ककए गए इंटरलिंतर्
interlinked hypertext documents हाइपरटे तस्ट दस्तािेजों की एक प्रणाि
accessed via the Internet. है ।
❑ Hypertext is one method of ❑ हाइपरटे तस्ट सच
ू िा प्रस्तत
ु करिे का
presenting information in which एक तर का है ल्जसमें कुि िस्तुओं को
certain items are highlighted.
हाइिाइट ककया जाता है ।
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World Wide Web (WWW):

❑ Father :-

❑ Launched :-
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W3C ?
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There are some of the major software components

required to access the Internet:-
1. Software

For the Internet access इंटरिेट एतसेस के लिए ऑपरे दटंग

is the Operating System. लसस्टम है । आपके लसस्टम पर एक
An Operating System ऑपरे दटंग लसस्टम ठीक से स्थावपत
must be installed होिा चादहए।
properly on your
system.
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2. Internet Browser

Browser is a software that िाउजर एक ऐसा सॉफ़्टिेयर

allows the user to access है जो उपयोगकतास को िवर्स
and read information on the िाइर् िेब पर जािकार तक
world wide web. पहुाँचिे और पढिे की
अिम ु नत दे ता है ।
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3. Firewall

Internet has many security इंटरिेट में कई सरु क्षा समस्याएं हैं
problems like hacking, Trojan जैसे है ककंग, ट्रोजि हॉसस, िायरस
Horse, Virus etc. There are आदद। ऐसे कई उपकरण हैं जो
various tools top provide ककसी और के द्िारा आपके
protection against unwanted कंप्यट ू र पर अिांनित पहुंच से
access to your computer by सरु क्षा प्रदाि करते हैं। फायरिॉि
anyone else. A firewall helps to आपके कंप्यट ू र को अधिक सुरक्षक्षत
keep your computer more रििे में मदद करता है ।
secure.
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4. TCP/IP protocol

This is the group of protocols यह प्रोटोकॉि का समह ू है जो

that define the Internet and इंटरिेट और इसके द्िारा उपयोग
communication method used की जािे िाि संचार पद्िनत को
by it. In order to be compatible पररभावषत करता है । इंटरिेट के
to the Internet, the computer अिक ु ू ि होिे के लिए, कंप्यट
ू र में
must have TCP/IP compatible ट सीपी/आईपी संगत सॉफ्टिेयर
software. The major advantage होिा चादहए। इंटरिेट का प्रमि ु
of Internet is information िाभ सच ू िा साझा करिा है ।
sharing.
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5. ISP

Internet service provider which इंटरिेट सेिा प्रदाता जो हमें

connect us to internet and इंटरिेट से जोडता है और अपिी
charges amount for its सेिाओं के लिए शुवक िेता है ।
services. ISP has computers ISP में सिसर कहे जािे िािे
called servers which remains कंप्यटू र होते हैं जो िेट पर अन्य
permanently connected to कंप्यट ू रों से स्थायी रूप से जुडे
other computers on net. ISP रहते हैं। ISP हमें इंटरिेट से जुडिे
provides us user name and के लिए यज ू र िेम और पासिर्स
password to connect to प्रदाि करता है
internet
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6. Modem:-
एक मॉर्ेम
A modem (मॉड्यूिेटर-डर्मोर्ुिेटर के लिए संक्षक्षप्त
(short form for modulator- रूप)
demodulator)
एक कंप्यट ू र पररिीय है जो आपको
is a computer peripheral that
टे ि फोि िाइिों के माध्यम से अन्य
allows you to connect and कंप्यूटरों से जडु िे और संचार करिे की
communicate with other अिुमनत दे ता है
computers via telephone lines
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Modulation
The technique by which a
digital signal is converted to िह तकिीक ल्जसके द्िारा डर्ल्जटि
लसग्िि को उसके अिुरूप रूप में
its analog form is known as
पररिनतसत ककया जाता है , मॉर्ुिि के
modulation. रूप में जािा जाता है ।
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Demodulation

The conversion of analog

signal to its digital form at the गंतव्य डर्िाइस पर एिािॉग लसग्िि
को उसके डर्ल्जटि रूप में बदििे को
destination device is called
डर्मॉड्यि
ू ेशि कहा जाता है ।
demodulation.
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ELEMENTS OF THE WEB

1. WEB BROWSER

A Web browser is a िेब िाउजर एक प्रोग्राम

program that helps the है जो उपयोगकतास को
user to navigate the िवर्स िाइर् िेब पर
World Wide Web. िेविगेट करिे में मदद
करता है ।
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2. Web pages

A Web page is an electronic िेब पेज कंप्यूटर भाषा में

document written in लििा गया एक इिेतट्रॉनिक
computer language called दस्तािेज है ल्जसे HTML कहा
HTML जाता है
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3. Website :-
A Website is a collection of एक िेबसाइट िेब पेजों के रूप
information stored as Web में संग्रह त जािकार का एक
pages which may be on one or संग्रह है जो एक या अधिक
more computers. कंप्यूटरों पर हो सकता है ।
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Internet uses:

इंटरिेट का उपयोग:

1. telephone switching
2. circuit switching
3. packet switching
4. telex switching
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Telex switching refers to the technology used

in the Telex network, a system for sending
written messages electronically via a network
of teleprinters connected by switched
exchanges, similar to a telephone network.

टे िेतस ल्स्िधचंग से तात्पयस टे िेतस िेटिकस में

प्रयत
ु त प्रौद्योधगकी से है , जो टे ि फोि िेटिकस
के समाि, ल्स्िच्र् एतसचें जों से जुडे टे ि वप्रंटसस
के िेटिकस के माध्यम से लिखित संदेशों को
इिेतट्रॉनिक रूप से भेजिे की एक प्रणाि है ।
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Circuit switching is a method of implementing a

telecommunications network in which two network
nodes establish a dedicated communications
channel (circuit) through the network before the
nodes may communicate.

सककसट ल्स्िधचंग दरू संचार िेटिकस को कक्रयाल्न्ित

करिे की एक विधि है , ल्जसमें दो िेटिकस
िोड्स, संचार करिे से पहिे िेटिकस के माध्यम
से एक समवपसत संचार चैिि (सककसट) स्थावपत
करते हैं।
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A domain name is a unique name given to each website on the internet. The last
part of the domain name is known as a domain extension. Which of the
following is a domain extension of any government website?

र्ोमेि िाम इंटरिेट पर प्रत्येक िेबसाइट को ददया गया एक अिूठा िाम है । र्ोमेि िाम के
अंनतम भाग को र्ोमेि एतसटें शि के रूप में जािा जाता है । निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा
ककसी सरकार िेबसाइट का र्ोमेि एतसटें शि है ?

1. .net
2. .mil
3. .gov
4. .com
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Which one of the following determines how different programs exchange data
over the internet?
निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा यह नििासररत करता है कक विलभन्ि प्रोग्राम इंटरिेट पर र्ेटा
का आदाि-प्रदाि कैसे करते हैं?

1. Bluetooth
2. E-mail
3. URL
4. Hypertext transfer protocol
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Which one of the following is NOT a search engine?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा एक िोज इंजि िह ं है ?

1. Instagram
2. Google
3. Yahoo
4. Bing
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➢ Search Engine
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Search Engine
सचस इंजि
1. A Search Engine is a software
that searches through a
database of web pages for
specific information. एक सचस इंजि एक सॉफ्टिेयर है जो
विलशष्ट जािकार के लिए िेब पेजों के
र्ेटाबेस के माध्यम से िोज करता है ।
2. It search for websites based on
keywords that the user types
in.
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List of Search Engines

1. Yahoo
2. Alta Vista
3. Hot bot
4. Web Crawler
5. Excite
6. Lycos
7. Magellan
8. Google
9. Bing
10.Info seek
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List of Search Engine

11. Duck Duck go

12. Baidu
13. Yandex
14. Ask.com
15. Internet archive
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Which one of the following is NOT a web browser?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा एक िेब िाउजर िह ं है ?

1. Google Chrome
2. Wikipedia
3. Mozilla Firefox
4. Opera
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Web browser िेब िाउजर

िेब िाउजर एक सॉफ्टिेयर एप्ि केशि

Web browser is a software application है जो तिाइंट को िवर्स िाइर् िेब पर
that provides functionality to a client िेब सिसर पर ल्स्थत टे तस्ट, इमेज और
to display and interact with text, अन्य जािकार को प्रदलशसत करिे और
images, and other information located उिसे इंटरै तट करिे की कायसक्षमता
on a Web Server on the World Wide प्रदाि करता है । िाउजर के बारे में
Web. Following are some of the कुि जािकार निम्िलिखित है -
information about the browser -
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First web browser:-

World Wide Web

• The first web browser ever

• Launched in 1990
• It was later named “Nexus” to avoid any confusion with the
World Wide Web
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Mosaic

Developed in :- 1993

• the world’s first popular browser”

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List of web browser

1. Mosaic
2. Netscape Navigator
3. Internet Explorer
4. Lynx
5. Mozilla Firefox
6. Chrome
7. Microsoft Edge
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List of web browser

8. Safari
9. opera
10. Sea monkey
11. Maxathon
12. Vivaldi
13. Tor
14. Dooble
15. Brave
16. Amaya
17. UC browser
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• Browser is basically used to access information on the Internet

while Search Engine is used to point in the right direction of a
website that relates to the words typed in.

• Browser has to be used to get to a search engine, for example;

typing in www.google.com which will then take you to the google
web page.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

• िाउजर का उपयोग मि ू रूप से इंटरिेट पर जािकार तक पहुाँचिे के लिए

ककया जाता है , जबकक सचस इंजि का उपयोग ककसी िेबसाइट की सह ददशा में
इंधगत करिे के लिए ककया जाता है जो टाइप ककए गए शब्दों से संबंधित होती
है ।

• िाउजर का उपयोग ककसी सचस इंजि तक पहुाँचिे के लिए ककया जािा

चादहए, उदाहरण के लिए; www.google.com टाइप करिा जो आपको Google
िेब पेज पर िे जाएगा।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

The internet works by using a protocol called TCP/IP. What is the full form of
TCP/IP?
इंटरिेट TCP/IP िामक प्रोटोकॉि का उपयोग करके काम करता है । TCP/IP का पण
ू स रूप तया
है ?

1. Transmission Computer Programme/Internet Protocol

2. Temporary Computer Protocol/Internet Protocol
3. Tele Computer Protocol/Internet Protocol
4. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is not a voice assistant?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि िॉयस अलसस्टें ट िह ं है ?

1. Alexa
2. Siri
3. Cortana
4. Caravan
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In the URL, https://www.d2h.com/login.php, which component identifies the

path of a web page?
URL, https://www.d2h.com/login.php में , कौि सा घटक िेब पेज के पथ की पहचाि
करता है ?

1. www.d2h.com
2. https:
3. //www
4. /login.php
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Structure of URL:-
Address of website is of the following format:

"http://www.google.com"

http …………… hyper text transfer protocol

www ………… world wide web
Google ……… domain name
.com …………. types of domain.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following servers convert IP addresses to domain names?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा सिसर आईपी पते को र्ोमेि िाम में पररिनतसत करता है ?

1. Cloud Services
2. Email
3. P2P
4. DNS
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

PNG file is a/an:

PNG फाइि एक है :

1. video file
2. image file
3. batch file
4. audio file
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Document file formats

1. Portable document format (PDF)

2. Word document (DOC and DOCX)
3. OpenDocument text (ODT)
4. Hypertext markup language (HTML and HTM)
5. Microsoft excel spreadsheet file (XLS and XLSX)
6. Text file (TXT)
7. Comma-separated values (CSV)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Image file formats

1. Joint photographic experts group (JPEG or JPG)

2. Graphics interchange format (GIF)
3. Scalable vector graphics (SVG)
4. Portable networks graphic (PNG)
5. Tagged image file format (TIFF or TIF)
6. Web picture (WebP)
7. Bitmap (BMP)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Video file formats:-

1. Moving picture experts group layer four (MP4)

2. Audio video interleave (AVI)
3. QuickTime Movie file (MOV)
4. Flash video format (FLV)
5. Advanced video coding, high definition (AVCHD)
6. Matroska video (MKV)
7. Web media (WebM)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Audio file formats

1. MPEG 4 audio (M4A)

2. MPEG layer audio 3 (MP3)
3. Waveform audio file (WAV)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Compressed file formats

1. Zip file (ZIP)

2. Roshal archive file (RAR)
3. 7z compressed archive file (7Z)
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

An attempt to obtain sensitive information such as username, password and

credit card details, etc. for malicious reasons is termed as:

दभ
ु ासििापण
ू स कारणों से संिेदिशीि जािकार जैसे उपयोगकतास िाम, पासिर्स और क्रेडर्ट
कार्स वििरण आदद प्राप्त करिे के प्रयास को कहा जाता है :
1. Phishing
2. Digging
3. Surfing
4. Netting
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In computer networking, "digging" refers to using

the dig command-line tool to query and retrieve
information from Domain Name System (DNS)
servers, which is useful for troubleshooting DNS
issues and verifying DNS records.

कंप्यट ू र िेटिककिंग में , "डर्धगंग" का अथस र्ोमेि िेम

लसस्टम (DNS) सिसर से जािकार प्राप्त करिे और
प्राप्त करिे के लिए डर्ग कमांर्-िाइि टूि का
उपयोग करिा है , जो DNS समस्याओं के नििारण
और DNS ररकॉर्ों के सत्यापि के लिए उपयोगी है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

How many layers are there in the OSI model?

ओएसआई मॉर्ि में ककतिी परतें हैं?

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

COMMUNICATION Models:-

➢ An OSI model is a reference model for how

applications communicate over a network.

➢ The purpose of an OSI reference is to guide

vendors and developers so the digital
communication products and software
programs can interoperate.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
Open System Interconnection
Protocol Layers:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Telecommunication Models:-

➢ The TCP/IP model defines how devices

should transmit data between them and
enables communication over networks and
large distances.

➢ It has four layers, network interface,

internet, transport and application layer.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Telecommunication Models:-

➢ ट सीपी/आईपी मॉर्ि यह पररभावषत करता

है कक डर्िाइस को उिके बीच र्ेटा कैसे
संचाररत करिा चादहए और िेटिकस और बडी
दरू पर संचार को सक्षम बिाता है ।

➢ इसमें चार परतें हैं, िेटिकस इंटरफेस,

इंटरिेट, ट्रांसपोटस और एल्प्िकेशि िेयर।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Telecommunication Models:-

➢ Layers:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

From the following options, identify the name of the user interface element that
is found on desktops as a small blinking symbol or an arrow.
निम्िलिखित विकवपों में से, उस उपयोगकतास इंटरफेस तत्ि का िाम पहचािें जो र्ेस्कटॉप
पर एक िोटे चमकते प्रतीक या तीर के रूप में पाया जाता है ।

1. Icons
2. Cursor
3. Shortcut
4. Task-bar
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What are the shortcut keys to paste the copied text?

कॉपी ककये गये टे तस्ट को पेस्ट करिे के लिए शॉटस कट कंु ल्जयााँ तया हैं?

1. Ctrl + C
2. Ctrl + X
3. Ctrl + V
4. Ctrl + P
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In the context of computing, a 'spider' is a/an:

कंप्यूदटंग के संदभस में , 'स्पाइर्र' एक है :

1. search engine
2. application for viewing websites
3. program that catalogues websites
4. hacker who breaks into a corporate computer system

1. सचस इंजि
2. िेबसाइट दे ििे के लिए एप्ि केशि
3. िेबसाइट को सूचीबद्ि करिे िािा प्रोग्राम
4. है कर जो कॉपोरे ट कंप्यूटर लसस्टम में सेंि िगाता है
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following keyboard shortcuts will you use to switch to a previously
opened program?
पहिे से िोिे गए प्रोग्राम पर ल्स्िच करिे के लिए आप निम्िलिखित में से ककस कीबोर्स
शॉटस कट का उपयोग करें गे?
1. Ctrl + Home
2. Alt + Shift + Tab
3. Alt + Tab
4. Ctrl + N
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the correct full form of MPEG from below?

िीचे ददए गए MPEG का सह पूणस रूप तया है?

1. Micro Pictures Expert Group

2. Many Pictures Expert Group
3. Moving Picture Experts Group
4. Motion Pictures Expert Group
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

How many columns are there in a sheet of Excel 2010?

एतसेि 2010 की एक शीट में ककतिे कॉिम होते हैं?

1. 16024
2. 1024
3. 16384
4.1600
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In Computer field, What does LIFO stand for?

कम्प्यूटर क्षेत्र में LIFO का तया अथस है ?

1. Last-In-First-Out
2. Left-In-First-Out
3. Last-In-Finish-Out
4. Lost-In-First-Out
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an example of a spreadsheet?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि स्प्रेर्शीट का उदाहरण है ?

1. Microsoft Outlook
2. Microsoft Power Point
3. Microsoft Excel
4. Microsoft Word
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Who coined the word "Artificial Intelligence"?

"कृब्रत्रम बुद्धिमत्ता" शब्द ककसिे गढा?

1. John Berger
2. Charles Bachman
3. John McCarthy
4. David Bradley
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the function of WinZip?

WinZip का कायस तया है ?

1. It compresses large files into a smaller file.

2. It is an anti-virus software.
3. It expands smaller files into a large file.
4. It extracts smaller files from larger files.

1. यह बडी फाइिों को संपीडडत करके िोट फाइि बिाता है ।*

2. यह एक एंट -िायरस सॉफ़्टिेयर है ।
3. यह िोट फाइिों को विस्ताररत करके बडी फाइि बिाता है ।
4. यह बडी फाइिों से िोट फाइिों को निकािता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In Information Technology, what does DASD stand for?

सूचिा प्रौद्योधगकी में DASD का तया अथस है ?

1. Direct Access Standard Device

2. Device for Access and Storage of Domain
3. Direct Access Storage Domain
4. Direct Access Storage Device
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Who is the co-founder of Apple Computers?

एप्पि कम्प्यूटसस के सह-संस्थापक कौि हैं?

1. Bill Gates
2. Paul Allen
3. Charles Flint
4. Steve Jobs
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of ASCII?

ASCII का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. American Standard Code for Information Interchange

2. American Stable Code for Information Interchange
3. American Standard Code for International Interchange
4. American Stable Code for Institutional Interchange
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

A collection of interrelated files and a set of programs that allow users to access
and modify these files is known as:
परस्पर संबंधित फाइिों का संग्रह और प्रोग्रामों का एक सेट जो उपयोगकतासओं को इि
फाइिों तक पहुाँचिे और उन्हें संशोधित करिे की अिुमनत दे ता है , उसे निम्ि रूप में जािा
जाता है :

1. Data analytic system

2. Data files
3. Database management system
4. System management
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

__ is a simple query language used for accessing, handling and managing data in
a relational database.
__ एक सरि तिेर भाषा है ल्जसका उपयोग ररिेशिि र्ेटाबेस में र्ेटा तक पहुंचिे, उसे
संभाििे और प्रबंधित करिे के लिए ककया जाता है ।
1. DML
2. ISO
3. SQL
4. DDL
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In Computers, files when deleted are moved to:

कंप्यूटर में , हटाई गई फाइिें निम्ि स्थािों पर स्थािांतररत की जाती हैं:

1. Outbox
2. My documents
3. Recycle Bin
4. Inbox
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is an audio file extension?

निम्िलिखित में से कौि सा ऑडर्यो फाइि एतसटें शि है ?

1. WMA
2.MOV
3. WMV
4. MP5
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which one of these is the parent company of Google?

इिमें से कौि सी गूगि की मूि कंपिी है ?

1. Alphabet Inc.
2. Calico
3. Nest Labs
4.GV
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

What is the full form of DDL in terms of computer jargon?

कंप्यूटर शब्दािि में DDL का पूणस रूप तया है ?

1. Data Definition Language

2. Digital Data Logic
3. Dynamic Data Language
4. Direct Data Language
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Trojan Horse is a form of:

ट्रोजि हॉसस इसका एक रूप है :

1. Virus attack
2. Service attack
3. Slammer worm
4. Melissa worm
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Microsoft Office 2019

package?
निम्िलिखित में से कौि Microsoft Office 2019 पैकेज का घटक िह ं है ?

1. OneNote
2. Outlook
3. Excel
4. Keynote
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is a collection of:

माइक्रोसॉफ्ट एतसेि में , कायसपुल्स्तका निम्िलिखित का संग्रह है :

1. charts
2. word books
3. photos
4. worksheets
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

‘PSD' is a file extension for which type of computer file?

‘PSD’ ककस प्रकार की कंप्यूटर फाइि के लिए फाइि एतसटें शि है ?

1. Adobe Acrobat
2. Adobe PhotoShop
3. Microsoft Word
4. PaintShop Pro
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Arrange the following different types of computer networks in an ascending

order on the basis of geographical area implied.
निम्िलिखित विलभन्ि प्रकार के कंप्यट
ू र िेटिकस को भौगोलिक क्षेत्र के आिार पर आरोह
क्रम में व्यिल्स्थत करें ।

(A) MAN
(B) WAN
(C) LAN

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. (C), (B), (A)

2. (A), (C), (B)
3. (C), (A), (B)
4. (B), (A), (C)
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A network that's limited to a specific area,

such as a building or data center. Devices on
a LAN can communicate with each other and
use services provided by the network.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A telecommunication network that covers a

large geographic area, such as cities, states,
or countries.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A network that covers a range within a

metropolitan city.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A short-range network designed for

peripheral devices, usually within 30 ft. PANs
are used to transmit data between devices
without connecting to the internet.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A type of LAN that uses radio waves to

communicate between nodes instead of
wires.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

➢ It is a type of network which is used to

establish a secure and reliable connection over
unsecure network (internet).
➢ It will encrypt the data and provide
confidentially.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A network used by educational districts or

universities. A CAN may include several different
networks, such as each school in a district using
its own LAN connected to the CAN.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of network :-

A network-based storage that contains multiple

data storage devices connected through a
network.
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

A/An _______ topology is a bus topology in a closed loop where data travels
around the ring in one direction.
एक _______ टोपोिॉजी एक बंद िपू में एक बस टोपोिॉजी है जहां र्ेटा एक ददशा में ररंग
के चारों ओर यात्रा करता है ।

1. Star
2. Ring
3. Bus
4. Mesh
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Network Topologies:-

टोपोिॉजी िह विधि है ल्जसमें िेटिकस को भौनतक

रूप से एक साथ जोडा जाता है । यह पररभावषत
करता है कक ये घटक कैसे जड ु े हैं और िेटिकस के
बीच र्ेटा कैसे स्थािांतररत होता है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ Bus Topology is a network type in which every computer and

network device is connected to a single cable.

➢ It is bi-directional.

➢ It is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology

because if the backbone fails the topology crashes.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
➢ बस टोपोिॉजी एक िेटिकस प्रकार है ल्जसमें हर कंप्यट
ू र और िेटिकस
डर्िाइस एक ह केबि से जड
ु ा होता है ।

➢ यह द्वि-ददशात्मक है ।

➢ यह एक बहु-ब्रबंद ु किेतशि और एक गैर-मजबत

ू टोपोिॉजी है तयोंकक
यदद बैकबोि विफि हो जाता है तो टोपोिॉजी क्रैश हो जाती है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ In ring topology , all devices are connected to one another in the

shape of a closed loop.

➢ Data is transmitted around the ring in one direction only.

➢ The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire
network to fail.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ ररंग टोपोिॉजी में , सभी डर्िाइस एक बंद िप

ू के आकार में एक
दसू रे से जड
ु े होते हैं।

➢ र्ेटा ररंग के चारों ओर केिि एक ददशा में प्रसाररत होता है ।

➢ िेटिकस में एक भी िोर् की विफिता पूरे िेटिकस को विफि कर

सकती है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ In Star Topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub

through a cable.

➢ This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected
to the central node.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ स्टार टोपोिॉजी में , सभी डर्िाइस एक केबि के माध्यम से एक ह

हब से जड ु े होते हैं।

➢ यह हब केंद्र य िोर् है और अन्य सभी िोर् केंद्र य िोर् से जड

ु े होते
हैं।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ A tree topology combines several star topologies by connecting

several components to the center node.

➢ It is a combination of bus and star topologies in which all nodes are

attached with the help of a single central node.

➢ Every node in this architecture is connected one to one in a

hierarchy level, with each neighbouring node on its lower level.
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Types of Topology:-

➢ ट्र टोपोिॉजी कई घटकों को केंद्र िोर् से जोडकर कई स्टार

टोपोिॉजी को जोडती है ।

➢ यह बस और स्टार टोपोिॉजी का संयोजि है ल्जसमें सभी िोड्स एक

एकि केंद्र य िोर् की मदद से जड
ु े होते हैं।

➢ इस आककसटे तचर में प्रत्येक िोर् एक पदािक्रु म स्तर पर एक से एक

जड
ु ा हुआ है , प्रत्येक पडोसी िोर् अपिे निचिे स्तर पर है ।
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ It is a type of network setup where each of the computers and

network devices are interconnected with one another, allowing for
most transmissions to be distributed .

➢ Every device is connected to another via dedicated channels. These

channels are known as links.
 COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC

Types of Topology:-

➢ यह एक प्रकार का िेटिकस सेटअप है , जहााँ प्रत्येक कंप्यट

ू र और
िेटिकस डर्िाइस एक दस ू रे से जड ु े होते हैं, ल्जससे अधिकांश
ट्रांसलमशि वितररत ककए जा सकते हैं।

➢ प्रत्येक डर्िाइस समवपसत चैििों के माध्यम से दस

ू रे से जड
ु ा हुआ है ।
इि चैििों को लिंक के रूप में जािा जाता है ।
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COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC
COMPUTER FOR RAILWAY EXAMS PARMAR SSC