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Ms9... LP Graphical Solution - Part 4

The document discusses concepts related to linear programming (LP), including slack, surplus, and methods for graphical solutions such as the Corner Point Method and Isoprofit/Isocost Method. It outlines the importance of LPs for solving linear problems efficiently and highlights special situations like redundancy, infeasibility, unboundedness, and alternate optima. The classification of LP solutions is also presented, distinguishing between feasible, infeasible, unbounded, optimal, unique, and alternate solutions.

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0 views12 pages

Ms9... LP Graphical Solution - Part 4

The document discusses concepts related to linear programming (LP), including slack, surplus, and methods for graphical solutions such as the Corner Point Method and Isoprofit/Isocost Method. It outlines the importance of LPs for solving linear problems efficiently and highlights special situations like redundancy, infeasibility, unboundedness, and alternate optima. The classification of LP solutions is also presented, distinguishing between feasible, infeasible, unbounded, optimal, unique, and alternate solutions.

Uploaded by

dilaraarslan2003
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slack and Surplus

• Slack typically refers to the amount of unused


resource in a "less than or equal" to constraint.

• Surplus/excess typically refers to the amount


of oversatisfaction of a "greater than or equal
to" constraint.

• Absolute value of the difference between RHS


and LHS.
Summary of graphical solution
method
1. Graph each constraint equation.

2. Identify feasible solution region, that is, area that


satisfies all constraints simultaneously.

3. Select one of two following graphical solution


techniques and proceed to solve problem.

1. Corner Point Method.

2. Isoprofit or Isocost Method.


Corner Point Method

• Determine coordinates of each of corner


points of feasible region by visual
inspection or solving equations
• Compute profit or cost at each point by
substitution of values of coordinates into
objective function and solving for result
• Identify an optimal solution as a corner
point with highest profit (maximization
problem), or lowest cost (minimization)
Isoprofit or isocost method

• Select value for profit or cost, and draw


isoprofit / isocost line to reveal its slope.
• Identify optimal solution as coordinates
of point touched by highest possible
isoprofit line or lowest possible isocost
line.
• Read optimal coordinates or solve
simultaneous constraint equations
• Compute optimal profit or cost.
Why use LPs?

• LPs are computationally easy to solve.

• The best (optimal) solution is guaranteed


to be found (if it exists).

• Many problems are essentially linear.

• Useful sensivity analysis information is


generated.
Special Situations in LP
Redundancy: A redundant constraint is
constraint that does not affect feasible region in any way.

Maximize
Profit
= 2X + 3Y
subject to:
X + Y  20
2X + Y  30
X  25
X, Y  0
Special Situations in LP
Infeasibility: A condition that arises when an LP
problem has no solution that satisfies all of its
constraints.

Maximize
Profit
= 2X + 3Y
X + 2Y  6
2X + Y  8
X  7
X, Y  0
Special Situations in LP
Unboundedness: Sometimes an LP model will
not have a finite solution

Maximize profit
= $3X + $5Y
subject to:
X  5
Y  10
X + 2Y  10
X, Y  0
Alternate Optima

• An LP problem may have more than one


optimal solution.
• When a binding constraint (that is a constraint
defining the optimal solution) and the
objective function have same slope.
Alternate Optima

Maximize profit
3X + 2Y
Subject to:
6X + 4Y  24
X  3
X, Y  0
Alternate Optima

• At profit level of $12, isoprofit line will rest


directly on top of first constraint line.
• This means that any point along line between
corner points 1 and 2 provides an optimal X and
Y combination.
Solution classification
LP Problem

Infeasible solution Feasible solution

Unbounded solution Optimal solution

Unique optimum Alternate optima

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