10123923, 2:33 PM sclympiad.comiihighlands/SmvTestToPtig=0000NJ Anatomy and Physiology C - Anatomy and Physiology C - Highlands Virtual Invitational - 10-14-2023, Lymphatic System [40 points] Use the following image for the next 3 questions 1, (1.00 pts) Which structure is the site of B cell localization and proliferation? A) Structure A B) Structure B C) Structure © D) Structure F 2.(1.00 pts) Which structure contains a high number of endothelial venules that T and B cells can use to enter blood? A) Structure A B) Structure B ©) Structure C D) Structure F hntps:!slympiad comi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI anesorzar2a, 2:33 PM 3. (1.80 pts) Which lymph nodes are responsible for draining the trachea and esophagus? ‘A) Epitrochlear Node B) Hilar Node C) Periumbilical Node D) External Iliac Node E) Mediastinal Node F) Axillary Node 4,(1.50 pts) Which lymph nodes are responsible for draining the colon from the splenic flexure to the upper rectum? ‘A) Super Mesenteric Node B) Celiac Node C) Inferior Mesenteric Node D) Superficial Inguinal Node E) Axillary Node F) Para-Aortic Node 5, (1.50 pts) Which lymph nodes are responsible for draining the upper limb, breast, and the skin above the umbilicus (Mark ALL correct answers) A) Axillary Node B) Supraclavicular Node. C) Epitrochlear Node D) Periumbilical Node E) Mediastinal Node F) Celiac Node 6, (2.00 pts) Which of the following lymph nodes are NOT palpable? Select all that apply. (Wark ALL correct answers) A) Supraclavicular Node B) Internal lliac Node C) Epitrochlear Node D) Superior Mesenteric Node E) Popliteal Node F) Hilar Node nips: sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPdid-0000NS zing10123923, 2:33 PM seilympiad.comi:highlands/SmvTestToP2i¢=0000NJ For the next 4 questions, use the following diagram “Tym (meu power}: ‘kano! tiie tne showing yrpoevos 7.(1.00 pts) Label structure A 8.(1.00 pts) Label structure B 9.(1.00 pts) Label structure C 10. (1.00 pts) Label structure D 11. (0.50 pts) What type of lymphatic tissue are the tonsils made of? A) MALT: 8) GALT c) SALT D)LALT E)CALT 12. (1.00 pts) What type of precursor tissue do the majority of lymphoid organs develop from? A) Allantoic Mesenchymal Cells hntps:!slympiad convhi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI anosorzar2a, 2:33 PM selympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPatP B) Mesodermal Mesenchymal Cells C) Axial Mesenchymal Cells D) Paraxial Mesenchymal Cells 13, (1.00 pts) What is the name of the special set of lymphatic capillaries that transpor fats from the small intestines to the blood? For the next 5 questions, classify each of the lymphoid organs as either primary or secondary 14, (0.50 pts) Tonsils A) Primary B) Secondary 15, (0.50 pts) Appendix A) Primary B) Secondary 16, (0.50 pts) Red bone marrow A) Primary B) Secondary 17. (0.50 pts) Spleen A) Primary B) Secondary 18, (0.50 pts) Thymus A) Primary B) Secondary 19, (1.50 pts) What explain 1 difference in function between the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct? 20. (0.50 pts) What type of blood vessel are lymphatic vessels most similar to? A) Artery 8) Arteriole nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPdAid-O000NI angsorzar2a, 2:33 PM selympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPatP ©) Capillary D) Venule E) Vein 21.(1.00 pts) What is the function of germinal centers in lymphoid follicles? 22, (2.00 pts) _ (Tiebreaker order: 1) What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphatic organs? 23. (1.00 pts) Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes? A) Storing immune cells B) Site of immune cell maturation C) Activating immune cell D) Cleansing lymph 24,(1.00 pts) Which structure in the lymph node is the most likely to house macrophages? A) Sinus B) Medulla ©) Cortex D) Paracortex 25.(1.00 pts) What pair of tonsils are the most prone to infection? ‘A) Pharyngeal Tonsils B) Palatine Tonsils ) Lingual Tonsils 26. (2.00 pts) What is the difference in function between red pulp and white pulp in the spleen? 27.(1.00 pts) Which of the following is a large collection of MALT? Select all that apply. (Wark ALL correct answers) A) Peyer's Patches B) Thymus C) Spleen nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPdAid-O000NI sit9sorzar2a, 2:33 PM solympiad.comhihighlands/SmvTastToPat2 D) Tonsils E) Appendix F) Red Bone Marrow 28. (1.00 pts) What is the function of tonsillar crypts? 29, (1.50 pts) What are the 2 immune functions of the appendix? Select all that apply (Wark ALL correct answers) ‘A) House the microflora that produces vitamin K B) Secrete acids that destroy any pathogens ) Prevent bacteria from breaching intestinal wall D) Generate memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity 30. (3.00 pts) ‘A35 year old patient comes in complaining about fatigue, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss for the last 2 months Physical examination shows enlarged and firm cervical, axillary, and pelvic lymph nodes. CBC and blood chemistry panel show abnormal lymphocytes and elevated white blood cell count. What is your diagnosis? 31. (3.00 pts) ‘A12-year-old patient starts complaining about a sore throat and difficulty swallowing for the past 3 days. Physical ‘examination showed enlarged cervical lymph nodes and a mild fever. What is your diagnosis? 32. (3.00 pts) (Tiebreaker order: 2) A.42 year old patient began experiencing persistent fatigue and discomfort in her lower left upper ‘abdomen. CBC revealed low platelet count and abnormal white blood cell counts. CT scan shows no liver abnormalities, but inflammation in her left abdominal region. What is you diagnosis? Cardiovascular System [66 points] 33. (1.00 pts) Rearrange the following components of blood in order from least to most major: plasma, bufly coat, erythrocyte 34, (1.00 pts) Which of the following is NOT a formed element? A) Platelet nitps:sclympiad comi-hightands/Sm/TestToPdide0000NI eg10123923, 2:33 PM seilympiad.comi:highlands/SmvTestToP2i¢=0000NJ B) Epithiiocyte ©) Erythrocyte D) Leukocyte 35. (1.00 pts) What is the healthy hematocrit values for men and women? ‘A) Men: 40% + 5%, Female: 36% + 5% B) Men: 50% # 3%, Female: 44% + 3% C) Men: 39% + 5%, Female: 32 + 5% D) Men: 47% & 5%, Female: 42% + 5% 36. (2.00 pts) What is the difference in function between alpha and gamma globulins? Use following image to answer the next 7 questions 37. (1.00 pts) Identify structure A 38, (1.00 pts) Identify structure B 39, (1.00 pts) Identify structure C hitps:!selympiad convhi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI m9sorzar2a, 2:33 PM sclympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPatP au. (7.Uu prs) !aentry structure U 41.(1.00 pts) Identify structure E 42,(1.00 pts) Identify structure F 43,(1.00 pts) Identify structure G ‘44, (1.00 pts) Spectrin is a network of proteins in the cytoplasmic face of red blood cells. The function of spectrin is to maintain the biconcave shape of a red blood cell. Knowing the function of spectrin, what can you assume about the property of the spectrin net? (Mark ALL correct answers) A) Ithas a set and firm structure B) It makes the red blood cell smaller as it ages ) Ithas high resistance to environmental pressures D) tis deformable 45. (1.00 pts) _ (Tiebreaker order: 3) What compound is being shown? CH, Hy HC HC: CHy 0 SoH o (Mark ALL correct answers) A) Hemoglobin B) Heme €) Globin D) Bilirubin 46. (1.00 pts) What do you call hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to it? (Mark ALL correct answers) nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPdid-O000NI anosorzar2a, 2:33 PM selympiad.comihighlands/SvTastToPatP ‘A) Oxyhemoglobin B) Myoglobin €) Deoxyhemogiobin D) Catbaminohemoglobin 47.(1.00 pts) Which of the following is a stimulus for erythropoietin production? (Wark ALL correct answers) A) Decreased amount of hemoglobin B) Decreased RC count C) Decreased availability of 02 D) Allof the above ‘48, (2.00 pts) What happens when hypoxia-inducible factor accumulates in the kidneys? 49, (1.00 pts) Which of the following blood cell count concentrations is abnormal?” ‘A) Eosinophils: 100-400 cells/uL. B) Basophils: 40-70 cells/pL C) Lymphocytes: 1500-3000 cells/yL D) Erythrocytes: 4-6 million cells/uL 50, (2.00 pts) Which of the following are included in the granules of platelets and help in clotting? Select all that apply (Wark ALL correct answers) A) Albumin B) Nat C) Serotonin D) ADP 51. (2.00 pts) Which of the following clotting factors needs vitamin K in order to be synthesized? AI B)Ix xi D) xil 52, (2,00 pts) True or False: Deficiency in clotting factor Vill can lead to hemophilia C A) True B) False nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NS sito10123923, 2:33 PM seilympiad.comi:highlands/SmvTestToP2i¢=0000NJ 53, (2.00 pts) Which of the following cloting factors use both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways? Al B)IV ov D) vil For the next 9 questions, use the following diagram -Chordae tendineae of mitral valve Myocardium of right ventricle F 54, (0.50 pts) Identify structure A 55, (0.50 pts) Identify structure B 56, (0.50 pts) Identify structure C 57. (0.50 pts) Identify structure D hntps:!selympiad convhi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI 0119sorzar2a, 2:33 PM solympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPat2 58, (0.50 pts) Identify structure E 59, (0.50 pts) _ Identify structure F 60. (0.50 pts) Identify structure G 61. (0.50 pts) Identify structure H 62, (0.50 pts) Identify structure I 63, (1.50 pts) What are the functions of desmosomes in cardiac tissue? 64, (2.00 pts) Explain the difference in appearance between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. 65, (2.00 pts) Explain the difference between contractile cardiac muscle cells and pacemaker cells? 66, (5.00 pts) (Tiebreaker order: 4) Rearrange each of the following events in the intrinsic cardiac conduction system into the correct ‘order (you only have to put the numbers in order) 1. Bundle branches conduct impulses through interventricular septum 2, Impulses pause at atrioventricular node 3, Subendocardial conducting network depolarizes the contractile cells of both ventricle 4, Sinoatrial node generates impulse 5. Atrioventricular bundle connects the atria to the ventricles 67. (1.50 pts) Atrial depolarization and passage of a depolarization wave through the rest of the conducting system generates what on an EKG? A)P Wave nitps:sclympiad comi-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NS nigsorzar2a, 2:33 PM selympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPettid=0000N3 B) QRS Complex c)T Wave D) P-R Interval E)S-T Segment 68, (1.50 pts) Ventricular depolarization generates what on an EKG? ‘A)P Wave B) QRS Complex c) T Wave D) P-R Interval E) $-T Segment 69. (1.50 pts) Depolarization from the SA node through the atria generates what on an EKG? A)P Wave B) QRS Complex c)T Wave D) P-R Interval E)S-T Segment 70, (1.50 pts) Ventricular repolarization generates what on an EKG? A) P Wave B) QRS Complex c) TWave D) P-R Interval E) S-T Segment 71, (3.00 pts) What type of EKG pattern is b ANNAN ‘A) Normal Sinus Rhythm B) Atrial Fibrlation C) Pulsoless Electrical Activity nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPdid-O000NS 129sorzar2a, 2:33 PM solympiad.comhihighlands/SmvTastToPat2 D) Ventricular Tachycardia 72, (3.00 pts) What type of EKG pattern is being shown? A) Normal Sinus Rhythm B) Atrial Fibrillation C) Pulseless Electrical Activity D) Ventricular Tachycardia 73. (3.00 pts) ‘An 18 year old patient comes in with episodes of severe pain in his joints and abdomen and persistent fatigue. Physical ‘examination shows jaundice in the patient's eyes and skin, as well as swollen hands and feet. Blood tests reveal low hemoglobin levels and a high reticulocyte count. The patients also of African American ethnicity. What is your diagnosis (be specific)? 74, (3.00 pts) (Tiebreaker order: 5) A50 year old female patient comes in with complaints of intermittent flank pain and frequent bloody urine, Physical examination shows tenderness in the lower back region near the kidneys. CT angiogram reveals a bulging ‘and weakened area in the walls ofthe renal arteries. What is your diagnosis (be specific)? 75, (3.00 pts) ‘ASB year old male patient is rushed into the ER with severe dyspnea and profuse sweating. For the past 2 weeks the patient has been experiencing intermittent chest pain, which he dismissed as indigestion. ER assessment shows elevated BP and EKG revealed elevated ST segments. Blood tests confirmed elevated cardiac biomarkers. What is your diagnosis? 76. (3.00 pts) ‘62 year old female patient comes in with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath during physical exercise. Lipic profile reveals increased LDL cholesterol levels, and coronary angiography reveals plaques in the coronary arteries. The Patient also has a family history of heart disease. What is your diagnosis? nitps:sclympiad comi-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NS 131910123923, 2:33 PM scilympiad.comi:highlands/SmvTestToPd?2é=0000NJ Urinary System [56 points] Use the following image to answer the next 10 questions. mmo? FP > a @ 77.(1.00 pts) Label structure A 78, (1.00 pts) Label structure B 79. (1.00 pts) Label structure C 80. (1.00 pts) Label structure D hntps:!selympiad convhi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI sanesorzar2a, 2:33 PM solympiad.comhihighlands/SmvTastToPat? 81.(1.00 pts) Label structure E 82. (1.00 pts) Label structure F 83.(1.00 pts) Label structure G 84, (1.00 pts) Label structure H 85.(1.00 pts) Label structure | 86, (1.00 pts) Label structure J 87. (1.00 pts) What is the function of podocytes in nephrons? 88. (1.00 pts) What type of epithelium is the proximal convoluted tube made of? A) Stratified Cuboidal B) Simple Cuboidal C) Pseudostratified Columnar D) Simple Columnar 89, (1.00 pts) ‘What structural feature of the apical side of PCT cells increases the surface area and capacity for reabsorbing water and solutes? A) Cilla B) Flagella C) Microwili D) Neuronal antennas Use the following image to answer the next questions nitpsssclympiad comi-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NI 1811910123923, 2:33 PM selympiad.comi:highlands/SmvTestToPtié=0000NJ Renal corpuscle c 90.(1.50 pts) Identify structure A 91. (1.50 pts) Identify structure B 92. (1.50 pts) Identify structure C 93. (1.50 pts) Identify structure D 94, (2.00 pts) What is the difference in location between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons? hntps:!selympiad convhi-highlands/SmiTestToPd"?id=0000NI 1619sorzar2a, 2:33 PM solympiad.comhihighlands/SmvTastToPat2 95, (3.00 pts) Explain the difference in function between macula densa, granular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells, 96. (2.00 pts) Why does hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries remain high throughout the entire cay 97, (2.00 pts) Calculate the net filtration rate of a glomerular capillary with a hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries equal to 65 Torr, a colloid osmotic pressure of 13 Torr, and a hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space equal to 42 Torr. Express your answer in mmHG. Show your work for full credit 98, (2.00 pts) (Tiebreaker order: 6) Calculate the net filtration rate of a glomerular capillary with a hydrostatic pressure in capsular capillaries equal to 10 Torr, a hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary equal to 55 Torr, and a colloid osmotic pressure of 30 Torr, Express your answer in mmHG, Show your work for full credit 99, (4.00 pts) Briefly explain the 4 ways that angiotensin II stabilizes arterial blood pressure 100. (2.00 pts) Explain how the sympathetic nervous system stimulates granular cells, 101. (1.00 pts) Which of the following parts of a nephron doesn't use osmosis as a means of transport? A) Proximal Convoluted Tube B) Loop of Henle C) Distal Convoluted Tube D) Collecting Duct 102, (2,00 pts) Which of the following parts of the nephron DOES NOT absorb magnesium? Select all that apply. (Mark ALL correct answers) A) Proximal Convoluted Tube B) Loop of Henle C) Distal Convoluted Tube D) Collecting Duct nitps:sclympiad comi-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NI omgsorzar2a, 2:33 PM £993:(R20.at8): Ul of the following parts of a nephron DOES NOT absorb bicarbonate? Select all that apply A) Proximal Convoluted Tube B) Loop of Henle C) Distal Convoluted Tube D) Collecting Tube 104, (1.00 pts) Which of the following parts of a nephron DOES NOT use active transport as a means of transportation? (Wark ALL correct answers) A) Proximal Convoluted Tube B) Loop of Henle C) Distal Convoluted Tube D) Collecting Duct 105, (2.00 pts) Calculate the renal clearance of glucose with a urine concentration of 12 mg/mL, a flow rate of 20 mLimin, and a concentration in plasma of 11 mg/mL. Express your answer in mL/min and round to the nearest hundredth, Show your work for full credit, 106. (1.00 pts) What type of epithelium makes up the mucosa of the ureters? A) Columnar B) Transitional C) Cuboidal D) Stratified 107, (1.00 pts) What is the name of the special type of x-ray that allows both the ureters and bladder to be seen? A) Angiogram B) Mammography C) Fluoroscopy D) Pyelogram 108, (3.00 pts) (Tiebreaker order: 7) A 28 year old female patient comes in with complaints of fever, intense back pain, frequent urination, and a burning sensation during urination. Urinalysis shows white blood cells and bacteria, and blood tests reveal elevated WBC count and inflammation markers. What is your diagnosis? (Be specific) 109. (3.00 pts) nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NS 189sorzar2a, 2:33 PM selympiad.comihighlands/SmvTastToPatP [A34 year id female patient comes in with complaints of radiating lower back pain and frequent and painful urination Urinalysis reveals presence of blood and crystals, and CT scan shows small masses inthe lft kidney. What is your aARlaaorets) 1852 year od male patient comes in with complaints of episodes of urinary leakage, He described the symptom as ordering over the past few months. What is your dlagnosis? nitps:sclympiad comii-hightands/Sm/TestToPd7id-O000NS s919