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Lecture_06 - Processor Design

The document discusses processor design, which involves creating the architecture and implementation of a CPU to perform computing tasks efficiently and securely. Key aims include speed, efficiency, scalability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and security. It also outlines the components of a processor, including the controller and datapath, and provides examples of combinational and sequential circuits used in processor design.

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14 views32 pages

Lecture_06 - Processor Design

The document discusses processor design, which involves creating the architecture and implementation of a CPU to perform computing tasks efficiently and securely. Key aims include speed, efficiency, scalability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and security. It also outlines the components of a processor, including the controller and datapath, and provides examples of combinational and sequential circuits used in processor design.

Uploaded by

rajithsjc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Architecture and Operating

Systems
COSC 22073/BECS 22233
Lesson 06: Processor Design
A.M.K.S Aththanayake
Faculty of Science
University of Kelaniya

1
What is the Processor Design?
 Processor design refers to the process of creating the
architecture, microarchitecture, and physical
implementation of a central processing unit (CPU) or
processor for a computer or digital device. It involves a
combination of hardware and software considerations
and encompasses various stages to produce an efficient
and functional processor.

2
What is the aim of the Processor Design?
 Theaim of processor design is to create a device that
can perform computing tasks quickly, efficiently, and
securely while also being cost-effective and flexible.

3
The Main Aims of Processor Design
 Fast: A processor should be able to execute instructions quickly to allow
for high-performance computing.
 Efficient: A processor should be able to execute instructions with a
minimum of power consumption, heat generation, and other overhead to
allow for long battery life, reduced cooling requirements, and increased
reliability.
 Scalable: A processor should be designed in a way that allows it to be
used in a wide range of systems, from low-end devices to high-
performance computing systems.

4
The Main Aims of Processor Design
 Cost-effective: A processor should be designed to meet specific cost
targets, such as low production costs, low power consumption, and low
heat generation, to make it affordable for a wide range of applications.
 Flexible: A processor should be designed to allow for easy
customization and integration into different systems to support a wide
range of applications and use cases.
 Secure: A processor should be designed with security in mind to prevent
unauthorized access, data theft, and other types of security attacks. are to
create a device that is

5
Basic Approach of the Processor Design
Divide the processing into stages
Design each stage separately

6
Example: A Car Assembly Line
Similar to a car assembly line
 Cast raw metal into the chassis of a car
 Build the Engine
 Assemble the engine and the chassis
 Place the dashboard, and upholster

7
Processor Stages

8
Components of a Processor
Processors consist of two main components:

 Controller
whose role is to generate the appropriate signals to control the movement of
instructions, and data in the data path.

 Datapath
The data path consists of all the elements in a processor that are dedicated to storing,
retrieving, and processing data such as register files, memory, and the ALU.

9
Controller and the Data Path

10
Building Blocks of a Processor
Two types of functional units
- Elements that operates on data values (Combinational).
- Output is function of current input
- No memory
- Elements that contains state (Sequential)
- Output is function of current and previous inputs.
- State = Memory

11
Combinational Circuit Examples

 Gates:and, or, nand, nor, xor, inverter


 Multiplexer
 Decoder
 Adder, Subtractor, Comparator
 ALU

12
Combinational Circuit Examples
Gates: and, or, nand, nor, xor, inverter (not)

13
Combinational Circuit Examples
Multiplexers: It is simply a Data Selector
Advantages: Reduces no of wires, complexity and cost.

14
Combinational Circuit Examples
Block Diagram Truth Table

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:


Y=S0'.A0+S0.A1
15
Combinational Circuit Examples
Logical circuit of the 2*1 Multiplexer.
Y=S0'.A0+S0.A1

16
Combinational Circuit Examples
Block Diagram Truth Table

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:


Y=S1' S0' A0+S1' S0 A1+S1 S0' A2+S1 S0 A3
17
Combinational Circuit Examples
Logical circuit of the 4*1 Multiplexer.
 Y=S1' S0' A0+S1' S0 A1+S1 S0' A2+S1 S0 A3

18
Combinational Circuit Examples
Decoder:

19
Combinational Circuit Examples
Block Diagram Truth Table

The logical expression of the term Y0, Y0, Y2, and Y3 is as follows:
Y3=E.A1.A0
Y2=E.A1.A0'
Y1=E.A1'.A0
Y0=E.A1'.A0' 20
Combinational Circuit Examples
Adders: Half Adders

21
Combinational Circuit Examples
Adders: Full Adders

22
Combinational Circuit Examples
Subtractors: Half Subtractor

23
Combinational Circuit Examples
Subtractors: Full Subtractor

24
Combinational Circuit Examples
Comparator:

25
Combinational Circuit Examples
ALU:

26
Sequential Circuit Examples

 Flip-flops
 Counters
 Registers
 Register
files
 Memories.

27
Sequential Circuit Examples
S-R Latch

28
Sequential Circuit Examples
S-R Flip Flop

29
Sequential Circuit Examples
Registers

30
Complete Data Path

31
Thank You.

32

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