Advance excel-1Module-1

Chapter-1

Introduction of Excel
Excel:-

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that helps users organize, format,

and calculate data. It's a powerful tool for analyzing and visualizing data, and
can be used for simple calculations and tracking information.

Uses of Excel in daily life:-

 Data analysis: Excel has many built-in functions for data analysis, which is essential for
businesses.
 Financial management: Excel has built-in accounting and math functions that
accountants use for tracking finances and budgets.
 Project management: Excel can help you organize tasks, create an outlook, and list
your tasks quickly.
 Time management: You can use Excel to log and output time.
 Goal planning and tracking: Excel can help you set goals.
 Personal planning: You can use Excel to create calendars, appointment planners, and
schedules for managing bills, homework, and more.
 Conditional formatting: You can use conditional formatting to create dashboards that
automatically change colors and icons based on your data.
 Charts: Excel can help you create graphs to visualize data.
 Office administration: Excel can help with day-to-day tasks like invoicing, paying bills,
and contacting clients and suppliers.
 Human resources management: Excel can help HR managers manage people in the
company, including training management and employee turnover.
 Account management: Excel can help account managers organize client information
to maintain loyalty and generate repeat sales.
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Hierarchy of Excel Application:

Rows
Excel Workbook Worksheet CeLL
Column

Rows:- A row in Excel is a horizontal group of cells that runs from left to right across a
worksheet. Rows are identified by a unique numeric value and can range from 1 to
1,048,576.

Column:- A column is a vertical group of cells that runs from top to bottom on a
spreadsheet. Columns are labeled with letters of the alphabet.

Cell:- a cell is a rectangular area where a row and column meet. Cells are the
basic components of a worksheet and have several uses

Cell Address

A cell address in Excel is a combination of a column letter and a row number

that identifies a cell in a worksheet. For example, A1 is the cell at the
intersection of column A and row 1.

CEll
address

Realtive Absolute Mixed

B1 $B$1 B$1 $B1

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In Excel, there are three types of cell references: relative, absolute, and
mixed:
 Relative
A relative reference points to a cell relative to the current cell. For example, a relative
reference for cell A1 would be A1 or A1:B10. When a formula with a relative reference
is copied or moved, the reference is adjusted to point to a new cell with the same
relative offset.
 Absolute
An absolute reference points to a cell at an exact location. For example, an absolute
reference for cell A1 would be $A$1 or $A$1:$B$10. Absolute references remain
constant when copied or moved, and are useful for performing calculations with a
specific cell value or copying a formula to other cells without changing
references.
 Mixed
A mixed reference contains one relative and one absolute coordinate. For example, a
mixed reference for cell A1 would be $A1 or A$1.

Formulas

A formula in Excel is used to do mathematical calculations. Formulas always

start with the equal sign (=) typed in the cell, followed by your calculation.

Formulas can be used for calculations such as:

 =1+1
 =a2*b2

When utilizing formulas in Excel, it is imperative to adhere to the following

conventions:

1. Initiation: All formulas must commence with an equal sign (=). This
signifies to Excel that the subsequent text constitutes a mathematical
expression or logical operation.
2. Reference Integrity: Instead of directly incorporating numerical values
into formulas, it is essential to employ cell addresses. This approach
ensures that formulas remain dynamic, automatically recalculating
whenever the referenced cell values are modified
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Types of Formulas

Formulas

User defined in-built

formula formula

User-Defined Formulas:

 Created by you: You combine arithmetic operators like +, -, *, /, and cell references to
perform specific calculations.
 Example: =A1+A2*B3
 Flexibility: Allows you to tailor formulas to your exact needs.

Built-in Formulas (Functions):

 Predefined by Excel: These formulas are already part of Excel and have specific names
and functions.
 Example: =SUM(A1:A10) (calculates the sum of cells A1 to A10)
 Efficiency: Saves time by using pre-written formulas for common calculations.

Key Points:

 Both types of formulas start with an equal sign (=).

 User-defined formulas offer more flexibility but require you to create the formula from
scratch.
 Built-in formulas are pre-made and can be used by simply entering the formula name and
providing the necessary arguments.

The percentage sign (%) is a convenient way to calculate percentages in Excel.

1. Enter the value: Start by typing the number whose percentage you want to find.
2. Multiply by the percentage: Next, multiply the value by the percentage expressed as a
decimal. To convert a percentage to a decimal, divide it by 100. For example, 20%
becomes 0.20.
3. Press Enter: Hit the Enter key to calculate the result.

Example:
To find 20% of 50000, you would enter the following formula:
=50000*20%
This will give you the result: 10000
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Chapter -2

Basic Excel Formulas

1 =SUM(C2:C5) The SUM () formula performs addition on selected cells. It works

on cells containing numerical values and requires two or more
cells.
2 =MIN(C2:C5) The MIN () formula requires a range of cells, and it returns the
minimum value.

3 =MAX(C2:C5) The MAX () formula is the opposite of MIN(). It will return the
maximum value from the selected range of cells.

4 =AVERAGE(C2:C5) The AVERAGE() formula calculates the average of selected cells

5 =COUNT(E2:E5) The COUNT () formula counts the total number of selected cells.
It will not count the blank cells and different data formats other
than numeric.
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Chapter -3
Sumif/ Countif

 The Excel SUMIF function returns the sum of cells that meet a single condition.
 Criteria can be applied to dates, numbers, and text.
 The SUMIF function supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial
matching.

Purpose Return value

Sum cells in a range that meet criteria The sum of matching cells

=SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_range])

COUNTIF

 The Excel COUNTIF function returns the count of cells in a range that meet a single
condition.
COUNTIF can be used to count cells that contain dates, numbers, and text.
 Criteria can include logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?).

=COUNTIF(range,criteria)
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Chapter-4
Sumifs
 SUMIFS function returns the sum of cells that meet multiple conditions, referred to
as criteria.
 To define criteria, SUMIFS supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?,~).
 It can be used with cells that contain dates, numbers, and text.

Excel Syntax:-

=SUMIFS(sum_range,range1,criteria1,[range2],[criteria2],...)
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Countifs
COUNTIFS will count the number of cells that meet a single criterion or multiple criteria in the same
or different ranges. The COUNTIFS function is a powerful tool for Excel users. It helps you count
cells based on multiple criteria, making data analysis easier and more accurate.

=COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)

count the number of sales for Produc

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Chapter -5
IF FORMULA

An IF statement in Excel is a logical function that allows you to perform different actions based on
whether a condition is true or false.

It has the following basic syntax:

=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

 logical test: The condition you want to test.

 value_if_true: The value returned if the condition is true.

 value_if_false: The value returned if the condition is false.

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AND /OR formula

AND and OR statements are used in Excel to combine multiple conditions and evaluate
them as a single expression.

AND function:

 Returns TRUE only if all conditions are TRUE.

 Syntax: AND(condition1, condition2, ...)

OR function:

 Returns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUE.

 Syntax: OR(condition1, condition2, ...)

Example:

 Let's say you have a dataset of student grades in Excel:

You want to determine if a student is eligible for an award based on both their grade and
attendance. The criteria are:
 Grade must be greater than 80.
 Attendance must be greater than 85.
Here's the formula using the AND function:
=IF(AND(B2>80, C2>85), "Eligible", "Not Eligible")

If you wanted to award students who either have a grade greater than 90 or perfect attendance, you
would use the OR function:

Here’s the formula using the OR function

=IF(OR(B2>90, C2=100), "Eligible", "Not Eligible")

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Ifs formula
The Excel IFS function can run multiple tests and return a value corresponding to the first TRUE
result. Use the IFS function to evaluate multiple conditions without multiple nested IF
statements. IFS allows shorter, easier to read formulas.

Purpose
Test multiple conditions, return first true

Return value
Value corresponding with first TRUE result

Syntax
=IFS(test1,value1,[test2, value2],...)

 test1 - First logical test.

 value1 - Result when test1 is TRUE.
 test2, value2 - [optional] Second test/value pair.

=IFS(C5<60,"F",C5<70,"D",C5<80,"C",C5<90,"B",C5>=90,"A")
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Datedif
The Excel DATEDIF function returns the difference between two date values in years, months,
or days.

=DATEDIF(start_date,end_date,unit)

 start_date - Start date in Excel date serial number format.

 end_date - End date in Excel date serial number format.
 unit - The time unit to use (years, months, or days).