Solutions for QAHO1002126

Solutions for questions 1 to 15: 5. (i) log6 (log5 (log4 1024))

= log6 (log5 (log4 45))
4 = log6 (log5 5) = log6 1 = 0
1. (i) log1331 14641 = log113 114 = log11 11 = 4/3
3
4 (ii) log5 (log32 (log125 (log625 (562500)))
(ii) log 1 2401 = log 7–2 74 = log 7 7 = −2
49 −2 = log5 log32 log125 log625 (625)625 x 25
1 = log5 (log32 (log125(625 x 25 log625 625))
(iii) log 5 = log 5 5−6 = −6log 5 5 = −6 = log5 (log32 (log125 (125)2))
15625
7
= log5 (log322) = log5 (log252)
(iv) log 0.0625 128 = log 2–4 27 = log 2 2 = −7⁄4 1
= log5 = – log5 5 = –1
−4 5
5 5 10
(v) log √27 243 = log 3
3 ⁄2
3 = 3 log 3 3 = aa
a
3 6. (i) loga (loga (loga(loga(aa ))))
2
a
aa
2. (i) GE = log7 + log1000 – log53 + log52 – log26 + log5 –  loga (loga (loga (a (loga a)))
log(7 x 16)  loga loga aa (loga a)
a

= log7 + 3 – 3log5 + 2log5 – 6log2 + log5 – log7 – log24

= 3 – 10log2 = 3log10 – log210  loga aa (loga a)
103 = a loga a = a
= log( )
210 3 3
53
(ii) log √a √a 3√a 3√a
= log ( 7 )
2 3 3
√b √b 3√b 3√b
(ii) 3log10005 – log1000 25 + 2 log1000 11 – log1000605
log100053 x 112 – log1000 52 – log1000 605 1 1 1 1

53 × 112
= log 1 1
+ +
1
+
1 a3 + 9 + 27 + 81
= log1000 = log10001 = 0 b3 9 27 81
52 ×605
1 1 1 1
+ + +
3 9 27 81
(iii) GE = 2 log132 – 3 log 221 + log17 x 100 – log 13 x 100 =1 1 1 1 . logba
+ log172 + + +
3 9 27 81
= 4log13 – 3log221 + log17 + log100 – log13 – log100
+ 2log17 = logba
13 × 17
= 3log13 + 3log17 – 3log221 = 3 [log ( )] 5 5
221 7. (i) 73+ log7 = 73 7log7
= 3log1 = 0 = 343 x 5 = 1715
3 3 3
3. (i) logy4 x log z5 y logx6 z 3
√17 + 1
3 3 3
(ii) 125log5 3
 logy x . logz y . log x z 3
4 5 6 √17 1⁄
9
= 125log5 . (125) 3

 logyx. logzy. logxz 1

40 = 53log5 171/3 . (53 ) ⁄3
9
 17
= 5log5 . 5 = 17 × 5
40
= 85
1⁄ 1⁄
(ii) log (zx)1⁄3 (xy) 2 . log 1
(yx) ⁄4
(yz) 2 .
35 243
log (zy)1⁄5 (zx)
1⁄
2 (iii) 35− log3 7 = =
3log3 7 7
1 1 1
 2
log zx xy . 2
log yx yz . 2
log zy zx (iv) 9log12 8 − 8log12 9 = 8log12 9 − 8log12 9 = 0
1 1 1
3 4 5
3 4 5 15 (v) log 7 5(−2 log27) = −2 log 2 7 . log 7 5
 × × = = –2log2 5
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
4. (i) + + 8. (i) log3 (log4 (log5 x)) = 1
logab abc logbc abc logac abc log4 (log5 x) = 31
 logabc ab + logabc bc + logabc ac = log5 x = 43  x = 564
= logabc (ab) (bc) (ca)
= logabc (abc)2 = 2 1
(ii) log3 x + log3 x2 + log1/3 x =
3
1 1
(ii) + 1 1
logabc abc+ logabc d logabc bcd + logbcd a log3 x + 2log3 x – log3 x = = 2log3 x =
1 1 3 3
+ + 1
logacd acd + logacd b logabd abd + logabd c log3 x = x= 31/6
6
1 1 1 1
= + + +
logabc abcd logbcd abcd logacd abcd logabd abcd (iii) log x + log 7 = log(7 + x)
= logabcd abc + logabcd bcd + logabcd acd + logabcd abd = log 7x = log (7 + x)
= logabcd (abcd)3 = 3 = 7x = 7 + x  x = 7/6

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 (iv) 25log16 4 + 6log3 9 = 10logx 41 (iii) a = log168; b = log2416; c = log3224
abc = log168. log2416. log3224
log42 4 log3 32 logx 41
(25) + 6 = 10 abc = log328
1 bc = log2416. log3224 = log3216
log44 2 log3 3
(25) 2 + 6 = 10logx 41 = 2bc – abc = log32 256 – log328
logx 41
5 + 36 = 10 256
= log32 = log3232
= 10log10 41 = 10logx 41  x = 10 8
=1
9. (2.1)x = 1000
log (2.1)x = log10 3 logx2 logy2 logz2
12. (i) If = = =k
x log (2.1) = 3 y−z z−x x−y
3
x=  (0.21)y = log 103 logx2 = k(y – z); log y2 = k(z – x)
log(2.1)
logz2 = k(x – y)
y log(0.21) = 3 logx2 + logy2 logz2 = k(y – z) + k(z – x) + k(x – y)
3
y= = 2[logx + logy + logz] = k[y – z + z – x + x – y]
log(0.21) = 2log(xyz) = 0
1 1 log(2.1) log(0.21) = log(xyz) = 0
 − = −
x y 3 3  xyz = 1
1 2.1 1 1
= log = log 10 =
3 0.21 3 3 (ii) Given xyz = 1
= log (xyz) = log1
2
10. (i) (x + y) = 343xy = logx + logy + logz = 0
log (x + y)2 = log343 xy
logz x logx y logy z
2log(x + y) = log 343 + logx + logy  = =
1 logx y logy z logz x
log(x + y) = [3log7 + logx + logy] logx logy log z
2
 (log y) + (log z) + (log x)
(log z) logx (logy)
(ii) (x – y)2
= 21xy log x logy logz
(x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy (logx)2 (log y)2 (log z)2
= 21 xy + 4 xy  + +
(logz)(logy) (logx)(logz) (logx)(logy)
(x + y)2 = 25 xy
(logx)3 + (logy)3 + (logz)3
log (x + y)2 = log 25 xy =
2 log (x + y) = log 25 + logx + logy (logx)(logy)(logz)
1 3(logx)(logy)(logx)
log(x + y) = [2 log 5 + logx + logy] = =3
2 (logx)(log y) (log z)
11. (i) If log707 = a and log705 = b
13. (i) We know that, 11 < 12
70
log 270 = log 70 log12 11 < log12 12
35
 log12 11 < 1  (1)
= log7070 – log7035
= 1 – [log7 7 × 5] We know that, 12 > 11
= 1 – [log7 7 + log70 5]  log11 12 > log11 11
log70 2 = 1 – a – b  log11 12 > 1  (2)
log70 32 = log70 25 From (1) and (2) log11 12 > log12 11
= 5 [1 – a – b]
(ii) We know that, 8 < 10
(ii) a = log2898, b = log56686  log5 8 < log5 10
log7 49.2 log7 72 + log7 2
 – log5 8 > – log5 10
=  log5–1 8 > log5–1 10
log7 28 log7 7.4
 log1/5 8 > log1/5 10
2 + log7 2
=
log7 7 + log7 22 (iii) We know that, 5 < 17 < 52
2 + log7 2  log5 5 < log5 17 < log5 52
a=  1 < log5 17 < 2
1 + 2log7 2
a + 2a log7 2 = 2 + log7 2  log517 lies between (1, 2)
log72 (2a – 1) = 2 – a
2−a 14. Given, log163 = 2.2122 and log 2 = 0.3010
log72 = (i) log(8150) = log 163 x 50
2a − 1
log7 686 = log 163 + log 50
b = log56686 = 100
log7 56 = log 163 + log
2
log7 73 .2 3log7 7 + log7 2 = log 163 + log 100 – log2
= = = 2.2122 + 2 – 0.3010
log7 7.8 log7 7 + log7 8
= 3.9112
3 + log72
b=
1 + 3log72 (ii) As log 8150 = 3.9112, we can say log (0.008150) is
2−a 3̅. 9112 or –2.0888.
3+
2a − 1
b= 3(2 − a)
1+
2a − 1 15. Consider log (75)120
6a − 3 + 2 − a = 120 x log 75
b= = 120 [2 log 5 + log 3]
2a − 1 + 6 − 3a
5a − 1 = 120 [2 x 0.6990 + 0.4771]
b= = 120 x 1.8751 = 225.012
5−a
5b – ab = 5a – 1  log(75)120 = 225.012
5a – 5b + ab = 1 The number of digits in (75)120 is 226.
= 5(a – b) + ab = 1
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 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
Solutions for questions 1 to 10:
u = log dabc ; 1 + u = log abcd
abc
1. log525 + 3 log 3 – 7 log 7 – 5 log 5 x y z u
+ + +
log (52 x 7 x 3) + 3 log 3 – 7 log 7 – 5 log 5 1+x 1+y 1+z 1+u
= log52 + log7 + log3 + 3log 3 – 7 log 7 – 5 log5 logbcd a logacd b logabd c logabc d
= 4 log 3 – 6 log 7 – 3 log 5 = + + +
logbcd abcd logacd abcd logabd abcd logabc abcd
34
= log ( )  log aabcd + log babcd + log cabcd + log dabcd
7 6.
53
= log abcd abcd
log x6 + log y6 + log z6 =1
2.
log 4√xyz
log x log y log z

6(logx + logy + logz) 7. Let = =k =
1 8 10 9
log(xyz) ⁄4  logx = 8k; logy = 9k; logz = 10k
6 log(xyz) logx + logz = 8k + 10k = 18k = 2 x 9k
= 1 =6 ×4 logx + logz = 2logy
log(xyz)
4
= 24  logxz = logy2  xz = y2

1 8. (i) log5 |x + 4| > 1

log a x5 .log b x ⁄5
3.  log5 |x + 4| > log5 5
loga x + logb x
 |x + 4| > 5
1
5 loga x logb x
5
 x + 4 < –5 or x + 4 > 5
  x < –9 or x > 1
loga x + logb x
loga x . logb x
 (ii) log4 (x2 – 7x + 13) > 0
loga x + logb x
log4 (x2 –7x + 13) > log41
1 = x2 –7x + 13 > 1  x2 –7x + 12 > 0
= loga x logb x
loga x .logb x
+
loga x . logb x
 (x – 4) (x – 3) > 0
 x < 3 or x > 4
1
= 1 1
+ (iii) log1/3 (x2 + 5x + 5) < 0
logb x loga x
1 1  log1/3 (x2 + 5x + 5) < log1/3 1
= =  x2 + 5x + 5 > 1(0 < a < 1 loga b < loga c  b > c)
logx b + logx a logx ab
 x2 + 5x + 4 > 0
= log ab x  (x + 4) (x + 1) > 0
 x < –4 or x > –1
4. 205− log20 40+3log204
1 1 1
 205 X 20–log20 40 × 203log20 4 9. + + …+
logn 2 logn 3 logn 1624
–1 3
 205 X 20log20 40 × 20log2040  logn 2 + logn 3 + … . + logn 1624
 205 x 40–1 x 43 = logn 2 3 4 . . . . .1624
(1624)! 1 (1624)!
205 = log (1624!)2 = log (1624!)
= × 64 = (32) (20)4 2
40 =½
= 213 . 54
1 1 1 1
5. log520 + 5log4 5 + log20100
10. If + + + …+ = k log a 3
log3 a log9 a log27 a log315 a
= log5 5 x 4 + log4 55 + log20 20 x 5
 log a 3 + log a 9 + log a 27 + ⋯ + log a 315 = k loga 3
= log5 5 + log54 + 5 log45 + log2020 + log205
5 1  log a 3. 3 . 3 … . 3 2 3 15
= k loga 3
= 2 + log54 + +
log54 log520
5 1  log a 3120 = k log a 3
= 2 + log54 + +
log54 log54 + 1
 120 loga3 = k loga 3
6. x= logabcd
1 + x = 1 + logabcd  k = 120

= logbcd
bcd + logabcd
abcd
= log bcd
Since y = log bacd; 1 + y = log abcd
acd
c
z = logabd ; 1 + z = log abcd
abd

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