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Oracle SQL Tuning You Probably Never Know

The document outlines a comprehensive guide on Oracle SQL tuning, emphasizing its significance in modern database management. It covers advanced techniques, including optimizer strategies, execution plans, partitioning, indexing, and parallel execution, along with practical examples and case studies. Additionally, it discusses the future of SQL tuning with AI and machine learning integration.

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6 views

Oracle SQL Tuning You Probably Never Know

The document outlines a comprehensive guide on Oracle SQL tuning, emphasizing its significance in modern database management. It covers advanced techniques, including optimizer strategies, execution plans, partitioning, indexing, and parallel execution, along with practical examples and case studies. Additionally, it discusses the future of SQL tuning with AI and machine learning integration.

Uploaded by

quanwenzhao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Introduction

 Explain the purpose of the book: to uncover hidden


gems and advanced techniques in Oracle SQL tuning.

 Highlight the importance of SQL tuning in modern database


environments.

 Briefly outline what readers will learn and how it will help
them in their day-to-day work.

Chapter 1: The Oracle Optimizer –


Beyond the Basics

1.1 Deep Dive into the Optimizer

 Explain the Cost-Based Optimizer (CBO) and Rule-Based


Optimizer (RBO).
 How the optimizer evaluates execution plans based on
statistics.
 The role of cardinality, selectivity, and cost in plan
selection.

1.2 Optimizer Hints

 Common hints: /*+ FULL */, /*+ INDEX */, /*+ PARALLEL */, /*+
USE_HASH */.
 When to use hints and when to avoid them.
 Example: Forcing a specific join method or access path.

1.3 Adaptive Query Optimization

 How Oracle adapts execution plans at runtime.


 Adaptive join methods and adaptive parallel
distribution.
 Example: A query that switches from a nested loop to a hash
join during execution.
1.4 Optimizer Statistics

 Advanced techniques for gathering


statistics: DBMS_STATS, ESTIMATE_PERCENT, and CASCADE.
 Handling skewed data with histograms.
 Example: Fixing a query that performs poorly due to outdated
statistics.

Chapter 2: Execution Plans – Reading


Between the Lines

2.1 Understanding Execution Plans

 Key components: predicate information, access paths,


and join methods.
 How to read and interpret execution plans.

2.2 Real vs. Predicted Execution Plans

 Differences between EXPLAIN PLAN and real execution plans.


 Using DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR for real execution plans.

2.3 SQL Monitor

 How to use SQL Monitor for real-time performance analysis.


 Example: Diagnosing a long-running query with SQL Monitor.

2.4 Identifying Bottlenecks

 Common bottlenecks: full table scans, inefficient joins,


and high CPU usage.
 Example: Fixing a query with a high-cost nested loop join.
Chapter 3: Partitioning – The Secret to
Massive Performance Gains

3.1 Partitioning Strategies

 Range partitioning: For time-series data.


 Hash partitioning: For even data distribution.
 List partitioning: For discrete values.
 Composite partitioning: Combining multiple strategies.

3.2 Partition Pruning

 How Oracle eliminates unnecessary partitions.


 Example: A query that scans only relevant partitions.

3.3 Partition-Wise Joins

 Improving performance for large datasets.


 Example: Joining two partitioned tables.

3.4 Global vs. Local Indexes

 When to use global and local indexes.


 Example: Optimizing a query with a global index.

Chapter 4: Indexing – Beyond B-Trees

4.1 Function-Based Indexes

 Solving problems with expressions and functions.


 Example: Indexing a UPPER(last_name) column.

4.2 Invisible Indexes


 Testing indexes without affecting production.
 Example: Making an index invisible to test its impact.

4.3 Reverse Key Indexes

 Improving performance for high-concurrency systems.


 Example: Using a reverse key index for a sequence-based
primary key.

4.4 Bitmap Indexes

 When and how to use bitmap indexes.


 Example: Optimizing a data warehouse query with bitmap
indexes.

Chapter 5: Parallel Execution –


Unleashing the Power of Multi-Core
Systems

5.1 How Parallel Execution Works

 Parallel query, parallel DML, and parallel DDL.


 Example: Running a query with parallel execution.

5.2 Tuning Parallel Execution

 Setting the degree of parallelism (DOP).


 Example: Adjusting DOP for a large table scan.

5.3 Adaptive Parallelism

 How Oracle adjusts parallelism at runtime.


 Example: A query that dynamically adjusts its DOP.
Chapter 6: Query Transformations – The
Optimizer’s Hidden Magic

6.1 Common Query Transformations

 Subquery unnesting: Converting subqueries into joins.


 View merging: Combining views with the main query.
 Star transformation: Optimizing star schema queries.
 Join factorization: Reducing redundant joins.

6.2 Influencing Query Transformations

 Using hints to control transformations.


 Example: Forcing subquery unnesting with /*+ UNNEST */.

Chapter 7: Materialized Views –


Precomputing Results for Speed

7.1 How Materialized Views Work

 Precomputing and storing query results.


 Example: Creating a materialized view for a complex
aggregation.

7.2 Query Rewrite

 Automatically using materialized views.


 Example: A query that rewrites to use a materialized view.

7.3 Refresh Strategies

 Fast refresh: Incremental updates.


 Complete refresh: Rebuilding the materialized view.
 Example: Refreshing a materialized view on demand.
Chapter 8: Advanced Join Techniques –
Beyond Nested Loops

8.1 Hash Joins

 Optimizing large dataset joins.


 Example: Joining two large tables with a hash join.

8.2 Merge Joins

 When to use merge joins.


 Example: Joining sorted datasets.

8.3 Star Joins

 Optimizing data warehouse queries.


 Example: A star join in a fact table and dimension tables.

Chapter 9: SQL Tuning Tools – Oracle’s


Hidden Gems

9.1 SQL Tuning Advisor

 Automating SQL tuning.


 Example: Running the SQL Tuning Advisor on a problematic
query.

9.2 SQL Access Advisor

 Optimizing indexes and materialized views.


 Example: Using the SQL Access Advisor to recommend
indexes.
9.3 AWR and ADDM

 Analyzing historical performance.


 Example: Diagnosing a performance issue with AWR.

Chapter 10: Tuning for the Cloud –


Oracle Autonomous Database

10.1 Automatic Indexing

 How Oracle Autonomous Database creates and manages


indexes.
 Example: A query that benefits from automatic indexing.

10.2 Automatic SQL Tuning

 How Oracle Autonomous Database tunes SQL automatically.


 Example: A query that improves with automatic SQL tuning.

Chapter 11: Case Studies – Real-World


SQL Tuning Challenges

11.1 Case Study 1: Tuning a Complex Execution Plan

 Problem: A query with multiple joins and subqueries.


 Solution: Rewriting the query and using hints.

11.2 Case Study 2: Optimizing a Data Warehouse

Query

 Problem: A slow-running aggregation query.


 Solution: Using partitioning and materialized views.

Chapter 12: The Future of SQL Tuning –


AI and Machine Learning

12.1 AI and Machine Learning in SQL Tuning

 How AI is changing SQL tuning.


 Example: Oracle’s Automatic SQL Tuning.

This expanded content provides a solid foundation for each chapter.


Let me know if you’d like further details or additional examples for
any specific chapter! 😊

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