Predicates
Predicates
2
Proposition
Statement, Truth value,
Proposition, Propositional symbol, Open proposition
Operators
Define by truth tables
Composite propositions
Tautology and contradiction
Equivalence of propositional statements
Definition
Proving equivalence (by truth table or equivalence
laws)
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Let Q(x) be the x.1 = x
What does x Q(x) mean ?
“For every x, x.1 = x”
Is it true? yes
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Let P(x) be the x.0 = x
What does x P(x) mean ?
“For every x, x.0 = x”
Is it true? No (x = 1)
Is it true? yes
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Let Q(x) be the x.1 = x
What does x Q(x) mean ?
“There exists a value of x such that, x.1 = x”
Is it true? yes
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Let P(x) be the x.0 = x
What does x P(x) mean ?
“There exists a value of x such that x, x.0 = x”
Is it true? Yes (x = 0)
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Let P(x) be the x2 ≥ 0
Let Q(x) be the 3.x > 10
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse be the real numbers.
Is it true? yes
Is it true? No (x = 2, y = 3)
What does yx P(x, y) mean?
“For all y there is an x such that x > y”
Is it true? Yes ( x = y+1)
Fall 2020 CSE 173 - Discrete Mathematics 64
Quantification
Another example:
Let the universe of discourse set of integers.
Is it true? Yes (x = 0)
Is it true? Yes (x = 3, y = 5)
Is it true? No (x = 0, or 1)
Is it true? no
Nobody is perfect
x (Person(x) Perfect(x))
x (Person(x) Perfect(x))