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Unit 4. Computer systems Notes

The document covers key concepts of computer systems, focusing on the differences between RAM and ROM, the purpose of an Operating System (OS), and binary representation. It explains the roles of memory management, user account management, and file management within an OS. Additionally, it discusses logic gates, data compression, and the distinction between standard AI systems and those with machine learning capabilities.

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18 views5 pages

Unit 4. Computer systems Notes

The document covers key concepts of computer systems, focusing on the differences between RAM and ROM, the purpose of an Operating System (OS), and binary representation. It explains the roles of memory management, user account management, and file management within an OS. Additionally, it discusses logic gates, data compression, and the distinction between standard AI systems and those with machine learning capabilities.

Uploaded by

yugchotai1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 4.

Computer systems

Questions 4.1

1. RAM and ROM


2. RAM
3. ROM
4. a. ROM

b. The computer needs the same instructions to boot up each time

5. Difference Between RAM and ROM


Feature RAM (Random ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Access Memory)

Full Form Random Access Memory Read-Only Memory


Purpose Temporarily stores data and Stores permanent instructions
instructions being used by and data needed for the
the computer. computer to start (e.g., BIOS).

Type of Volatile memory (data is Non-volatile memory (data is


Memory lost when the computer is not lost when the computer is
turned off). turned off).

Can It Be Yes, data can be read, No, data is pre-installed and


Changed? written, and changed. cannot be changed easily.

Speed Fast – helps the Slower compared to RAM.


computer perform tasks
quickly.

Examples Used when opening Stores startup instructions for


applications like games the operating system.
or browsers.

Questions 4.2

1. Any two from: Providing an interface, memory management, managing user


accounts, managing files, running application software, managing input and
output devices
2. Interface

3. Utility software

Providing an
interface
Memory
Management
Managing
input and
output devices
Purpose of
Operating
System

Managing user
account
Running
application
software
Managing files

Purpose of an Operating System (OS)


1. Providing an Interface
o The OS gives us an easy way to interact with the computer, such as using
menus, icons, and windows.
2. Memory Management
o It organizes and manages the computer’s memory, ensuring programs
and data run smoothly without crashing.
3. Managing User Accounts
o Handles different users, allowing each to have their own settings, files,

and passwords for security.


4. Managing Files
o Helps create, organize, save, and retrieve files efficiently.
5. Running Application Software
o The OS provides an environment where apps like word processors,
games, and browsers can work properly.
6. Managing Input and Output Devices
o Controls devices like keyboards, mice, printers, and monitors, ensuring
they work correctly with the computer.

Questions 4.3

1. 0011 (or 11)


2. 0111 (or 111)
3. 1100
4. 15.

Unplugged activity 4.3

∙ 00110011 in denary is 51.


∙ 10101010 in denary is 170.

Activity 4.4

YOU ARE AWESOME!

Questions 4.4

1. A standard set of binary values, one to represent each character (letter, number
or symbol)
2. Because every character needs to have a different binary value, and uppercase
letters and lowercase letters are different characters
3. Data compression

Questions 4.5

1. To show the outputs that will result from all the possible inputs into a logic gate
2. Because the NOT gate only has 1 input so there can only be two possible input
values

Questions 4.6
1. It can use the data it collects to adapt its own rules to make different decisions
2. No
3. Yes

Check your progress 4

1. Any one from: They both store data. They are both examples of primary
memory. The CPU accesses both directly.
2. Any one from: RAM is volatile and ROM is non-volatile. RAM stores data
currently in use and ROM stores instructions to boot up the computer. The data
in RAM changes all the time, but the data in ROM never changes.
3. It allows the user to interact with the hardware of the computer 4. Any three
from: Provides an interface; memory management; managing user accounts;
managing files; running application software; managing input and output
devices
5. a. standard set of binary values, one to represent each character (letter, number
or symbol)
b. Any one from: ASCII; extended ASCII; Unicode
6. AND
7. A standard AI system uses preprogrammed rules to make decisions, whereas
an AI system with machine learning capabilities is able to adapt its own rules
based on what it experiences and can make different decisions in future

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