A Synopsis Report On

IOT BASED
COAL MINE SAFETY MONITORING AND ALERTING
SYSTEM

(INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY)

SEMESTER 7th

SUBMITTED BY

Miss. Unnati Khane

Miss. Jui Magar
Miss. Sana Mapkar
Miss. Riddhi Patil

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Miss. Rupali Sathe

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PILLAI HOC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY, RASAYANI

UNIVERSITY

OF MUMBAI

AY 2024-25
 Pillai HOC College of Engineering & Technology, Rasayani

Year: 2024-2025

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Certificate

This is to certify that the project entitled “IOT BASED COAL MINE
SAFETY MONITORING AND ALERTING SYSTEM” is
successfully completed by following students:
Student Name Roll No.
Unnati Khane 23
Jui Magar 25
Sana Mapkar 26
Riddhi Patil 40

As per the syllabus & in partial fulfilment for the completion Bachelor’s
degree in Information Technology from University of Mumbai, it is also
to certify that this is the original work of the candidate done during the
academic year 2024-25.

Project Guide Head of

Department

Internal Examiner External

Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A project is never complete without the guidance of experts who have already gone
through this in the past before and hence become master of it and as a result, our
guides. So we would like to take this opportunity to thank all those individuals who
helped us in visualizing our project.

We express our deep gratitude to our project guide Miss Rupali Sathe for
providing timely assistance to our query and guidance that she gave owing to her
experience in this field for the past many years. She had indeed been a lighthouse
for us on this journey. We would also like to thank our guide for providing us with
her expert opinion and valuable suggestions at every stage of the project.

We would also take this opportunity to thank our project coordinator Miss Rupali
Sathe. For her guidance in selecting this project and also for providing us all the
details on the proper presentation of this project.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank, the Head of Information

Technology for their motivation and valuable support. Also, acknowledgment is
complete without thanking the teaching and non-teaching staff of the department for
their kind support.

We extend our sincere appreciation to all our Professors and Principal Dr.J. W.
Bakak, Principal of Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology,
Rasayani for providing the infrastructure and resources required for the project.

Thanking You,
_______________________
ABSTRACT:
This project presents the development of an IoT-based automated plant watering system
utilizing the NodeMCU ESP8266, soil moisture sensor, relay module, and Blynk platform.
The system is designed to monitor soil moisture levels in real-time and control a water pump
to ensure optimal hydration for plants in home gardens or small greenhouses. By leveraging
the capabilities of the NodeMCU, the system provides users with remote access and control
via a smartphone application, allowing for convenient management of plant care from
anywhere in the world.

The soil moisture sensor continuously measures moisture levels and sends the data to the
NodeMCU, which processes this information to determine whether irrigation is necessary
based on a predefined threshold. The relay module activates the water pump when moisture
levels fall below this threshold. Additionally, an I2C LCD display provides real-time
feedback on moisture readings and pump status, enhancing user interaction.

This project exemplifies a cost-effective solution to automate plant watering, contributing to

efficient water usage and promoting healthier plant growth. The integration of cloud-based
monitoring through the Blynk platform adds significant value, making it accessible and user-
friendly for gardening enthusiasts.
 Index
Sr. No. Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Scope
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Problem Solution
1.5 Literature Survey

2. Design & Implementation

2.1 Circuit Diagram
2.2 Methodology/Working Principle
2.3 Workflow of system/Flowchart

3. Requirement gathering & Analysis

3.1 Software Requirement
3.2 Hardware Requirement

4. Result
4.1 Screenshot
4.2 Code

5. Conclusion
5.1 Future Scope

6. References
 1. INTRODUCTION

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into daily activities has revolutionized
efficiency and convenience, particularly in applications like automated plant watering
systems. This project focuses on developing such a system using the NodeMCU ESP8266
microcontroller, a soil moisture sensor, and a relay module to ensure optimal plant care in
home gardens and small greenhouses.

Maintaining proper soil moisture is essential for plant health, yet traditional irrigation
methods often result in overwatering or underwatering. By utilizing the NodeMCU’s Wi-Fi
capabilities, this system continuously measures soil moisture levels and activates a water
pump when needed, with remote monitoring and control facilitated through the Blynk
platform.

An I2C LCD display provides real-time feedback on soil conditions and pump status,
enhancing user interaction. This project aims to deliver a cost-effective and user-friendly
solution for plant care, promoting efficient water usage and healthier plant growth while
aligning with sustainability practices. Ultimately, it seeks to offer smarter gardening solutions
for both novice and experienced gardeners.

1.1 OBJECTIVES

1. Automate Plant Irrigation: Develop a system that automatically waters plants based on
real-time soil moisture readings to ensure optimal hydration.
2. Remote Monitoring and Control: Enable users to monitor soil moisture levels and control
the water pump remotely via the Blynk platform, allowing for convenient management from
anywhere.
4. Efficient Water Usage: Promote sustainable gardening practices by minimizing water
wastage through precise irrigation based on actual soil conditions
5. Cost-Effective Solution: Create a low-cost automated watering system that can be easily
assembled using readily available components, making it accessible to a wide audience.
6. Enhance Plant Health: Improve plant growth and health by ensuring that moisture levels
are maintained within optimal ranges, reducing the risks of overwatering or underwatering.
 1.2SCOPE
The scope of the "Smart Irrigation" project encompasses the design, development, and
implementation of an automated plant watering system utilizing IoT technology. Key aspects
include:
1. System Design and Development:
- Creation of a functional prototype using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, soil
moisture sensor, relay module, and water pump.
- Integration of an I2C LCD display for real-time monitoring of soil moisture levels and
system status.
2. Software Development:
- Programming the NodeMCU to read data from the soil moisture sensor, control the relay
to operate the water pump, and establish communication with the Blynk platform for remote
access.
- Development of a user-friendly interface on the Blynk app to facilitate easy monitoring
and control of the irrigation system.
3. Testing and Calibration:
- Conducting tests to calibrate the soil moisture sensor to ensure accurate readings across
different soil types and environmental conditions.
- Verifying the reliability of the relay module and water pump under varying moisture
levels.
4. User Documentation:
- Providing comprehensive instructions for assembly, setup, and operation, designed for
users with varying levels of technical expertise.
5. Potential Applications:
- Exploring various applications in home gardens, small-scale agriculture, and educational
environments to demonstrate the effectiveness of IoT in enhancing irrigation practices.
6. Future Enhancements:
- Identifying opportunities for further development, such as the addition of temperature and
humidity sensors, scheduled watering features, and automated notifications for users.
7. Sustainability Considerations:
- Promoting efficient water usage and the environmental benefits of automated irrigation
systems, contributing to sustainable gardening and agricultural practice
1.3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
1. Inconsistent Watering: Traditional irrigation methods often lead to overwatering or
underwatering, adversely affecting plant health.
2. Time-Consuming Monitoring: Manually checking soil moisture levels is labor-
intensive and impractical, especially for larger gardens or busy individuals.
3. Inefficient Water Usage: Many gardeners do not optimize water usage, leading to
wastage and increased utility costs.
4. Limited Remote Control: Lack of remote monitoring capabilities makes it difficult
for gardeners to manage their plants while away from home.
5. Lack of Real-Time Feedback: Without immediate feedback on soil conditions, users
may struggle to make timely decisions about watering.

Maintaining optimal soil moisture levels is crucial for plant health, yet many gardeners
face significant challenges in achieving this. Traditional irrigation methods often lead
to inconsistencies, resulting in either overwatering or underwatering, which can stress
plants and diminish their growth potential. Additionally, the manual process of
checking soil moisture is both time-consuming and impractical, particularly for those
managing larger garden areas or balancing busy schedules. This inefficiency not only
contributes to water wastage but also increases utility costs for gardeners.

1.4.PROBLEM SOLUTION

1. Implement a system that automatically waters plants based on real-time soil

moisture readings, ensuring optimal hydration.
2. Utilize the Blynk platform to allow users to monitor soil moisture levels and
control the watering system from anywhere via smartphone or computer.
3. Optimize water consumption by activating the pump only when necessary,
reducing waste and lowering utility costs.
4. Integrate an I2C LCD display to provide immediate updates on soil moisture
levels and pump status, enhancing user awareness and decision-making.
5. Design a simple interface on the Blynk app for easy access and control,
catering to users of all technical backgrounds.
6. Enable data collection for moisture levels over time, allowing users to
analyze trends and make informed decisions about plant care.
1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr. NAME OF AUTHOR & DESCRIPTION
No IEEE PAPER PUBLICATION YEAR
.
Liquid problem gas is a flammable
1. Liquid Misha Urooj Khan;Aneela mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel
Problem Shaheen;Muhammad in heating appliances,cooking equipment,
Gas Zeeshan;Asad-ur-
and specifically as a vehicle fuel (it is
Detectio Rehman;Muhammad
n Adnan;Malik Tayyab Rehman often referred to as autogas). It is an
2021 6th International Multi- odorless gas due to ethyl mercaptan is
Topic ICT Conference added as an odorant to be easily detected
(IMTIC) when leakage occurs for safety precaution.
LPG is made by refining petroleum or wet
YEAR - 2021
natural gas and is almost entirely derived
from fossil fuels sources being
manufactured during the refining of crude
oil as theory emerged from the natural
state. It was classified as a hazardous
material because of its explosive
potentials when under pressure, due to
this hazardous property leading to fire
explosion. The gas detection process was
made by the chemically infused paper that
change its color when it’s been exposed
to gas before the development of the
electronics gas detector. The electronics
leakage detector was an active approach
to initial fault detection in other to
achieve the utmost safety of
humanity and properties as a whole
they introduced an android base
automatic gas detection).different
approaches have been used alongside
several research in the detection of
leakage and were also implemented
alongside some incident toward some
decades. The existing leakage detection is
optical sensor method, cable
sensor, negative pressure, vapor
sampling, signal processing, mass
volume, and pressure point analysis, in
which have been implemented using a
different framework.
2. Classifica Liang Zhu;Bing Zou;He There are different classes of leakage
tion of Zhang;Zhen Wang;Ming detection which have been used to
Leakages Jiang
2015 IEEE International monitor the leakage, several
Detection
Conference on Mechatronics criteria are classified into their
and Automation (ICMA) classification, some of which are critical
principles and abilities needed from
YEAR - 2015 humans. The detection is classified into
three, which are automated detection,
manual detection, and semi-automated
detection. Automated Detection involves
monitoring of detecting leakage without
the help of the
operator, once the detector device is
installed and been connected to the display
of the personnel in charge and
can be automatically shut down from the
display unit. (SCADA); Manual
Detection - These are methods in
which the device can only be operated by
humans.

3. Embedde Jian Wang;Peng Wang A domestic applications in residential

d Real- 2012 International Conference buildings for an Embedded real-time
Time on Industrial Control and
system for gas leakage detection in which
System Electronics Engineering
sensor nodes are installed in various
For Gas
Leakage YEAR - 2012 households and communicate with a single
Detection central node.
An alarm is triggered in the event of gas
leakage. The concerned personnel is
identified and alerted via text
messages using the assigned MAC address
of the RF module in each sensor unit. The
use of exhaust fans is a
commonly proposed solution for gas-
related accidents, however, this system is
only capable of mitigating a
possible disaster and not completely
averting it, since this approach reduces the
risk by expelling gas leakage
instead of shutting down the supply.
4. FPGA- Fu-Hsiang Chang;Kuo-Chi In the work entitled FPGA-GSM Based
GSM Chang;Hsiao-Chuan Wang Gas Leakage Detection Method by [7].
Based 2022 17th International They investigated a simple FPGA-based
Gas Microsystems, Packaging, system that detected LPG leakages
Leakage Assembly and Circuits
Detectio using the MQ6 sensor. In the event of
Technology Conference
n (IMPACT) gas leakage, an
automatic warning call is sent to the first
YEAR - 2022 response team via GSM to avoid any
delays. There is no remote
monitoring or any mechanism for
mitigating gas leaks, such as automatic
shut-off of the gas supply.
 2. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

2.2METHODOLOGY

The "Smart Irrigation" system development starts with selecting components like the
NodeMCU ESP8266, soil moisture sensor, relay module, water pump, and I2C LCD display.
A schematic diagram outlines their connections, followed by assembly on a breadboard with
proper wiring.
The firmware for the NodeMCU is programmed using the Arduino IDE to read moisture
data, control the pump, and communicate with the Blynk platform for remote access. The
Blynk app is set up to create an interface for monitoring and control.
Testing ensures all components function correctly, and the soil moisture sensor is calibrated
for accurate watering thresholds. User feedback is collected to refine functionality, and
comprehensive documentation is prepared. Finally, potential enhancements for future
versions, such as additional sensors, are identified
2.3.WORKFLOW OF THE SYSTEM:
3.REQUIREMENT GATHERING AND ANALYSIS

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

1. NodeMCU ESP8266 Board: A microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi for

connectivity.
2. Soil Moisture Sensor: To measure the moisture level in the soil.
3. Relay Module: To control the water pump based on moisture readings.
4. Water Pump: A mini water pump (AC or DC) for watering the plants.
5. I2C LCD Display (optional): For displaying soil moisture levels and pump
status.
6. Breadboard: For prototyping and connecting components without soldering.
7. Jumper Wires: For making connections between components.
8. 9V Battery: To power the NodeMCU and pump.
9. Mini Water Pipe: For connecting the pump to the plants.

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

1. Arduino IDE: For programming the NodeMCU. Make sure to install the
ESP8266 board package.
2. Blynk App: For creating a user interface for remote monitoring and control.
Available for iOS and Android.
3. Blynk Library: To integrate Blynk functionalities into your NodeMCU code.
Install it via the Arduino Library Manager.
4. ESP8266WiFi Library: For Wi-Fi connectivity (usually included with the
ESP8266 board package).
4.RESULT

4.1 SCREENSHOT
4.2 CODE

/Plant watering system with new blynk update

Home Page
/
//Include the library files
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

//Initialize the LCD display

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

char auth[] = "";//Enter your Auth token

char ssid[] = "";//Enter your WIFI name
char pass[] = "";//Enter your WIFI password

BlynkTimer timer;
bool Relay = 0;

//Define component pins

#define sensor A0
#define waterPump D3

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(waterPump, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(waterPump, HIGH);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);

lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("System Loading");
for (int a = 0; a <= 15; a++) {
lcd.setCursor(a, 1);
lcd.print(".");
delay(500);
}
lcd.clear();

//Call the function

timer.setInterval(100L, soilMoistureSensor);
}

//Get the button value

BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {
Relay = param.asInt();
 if (Relay == 1) {
digitalWrite(waterPump, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is ON ");
} else {
digitalWrite(waterPump, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is OFF");
}
}

//Get the soil moisture values

void soilMoistureSensor() {
int value = analogRead(sensor);
value = map(value, 0, 1024, 0, 100);
value = (value - 100) -1;

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, value);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Moisture :");
lcd.print(value);
lcd.print(" ");

void loop() {
Blynk.run();//Run the Blynk library
timer.run();//Run the Blynk timer
}
 5.CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the automated plant watering system using the NodeMCU ESP8266 and
Blynk platform presents an effective and innovative solution for modern gardening by
integrating a soil moisture sensor and a relay module to monitor and automate watering.
This system ensures optimal hydration for plants while conserving water, showcasing the
practical applications of IoT technology in enhancing plant care. With potential future
enhancements such as additional environmental sensors, advanced data analytics, and
smart home integration, this project not only fosters healthier plant growth but also
promotes sustainable gardening practices, paving the way for smarter irrigation solutions.

5.1 FUTURE SCOPE:

The future scope of the automated plant watering system project encompasses various
enhancements and applications that can make it more versatile, efficient, and user-friendly.
Here are some potential areas for future development:
1. Advanced Sensor Integration:
- Incorporate additional sensors such as temperature, humidity, and light sensors to provide
more comprehensive environmental monitoring, allowing for more precise irrigation control.
2. Data Analytics and Machine Learning:
- Implement data analytics to monitor plant health and predict watering needs based on
historical data, weather forecasts, and growth stages.
- Use machine learning algorithms to optimize watering schedules and resource usage.
3. Automated Notifications:
- Integrate push notifications via the Blynk app or SMS alerts for low moisture levels,
pump malfunctions, or other critical system states.
4. Remote Access and Control:
- Enhance remote capabilities to allow users to adjust settings or override automatic
controls via a web interface or mobile app.
5. Drip Irrigation System:
- Expand the project to include drip irrigation capabilities, which can be more efficient for
watering individual plants while conserving water.
6. User Interface Improvements:
- Enhance the Blynk app interface with additional features such as graphs for moisture
levels over time, pump status, and historical data analysis.
7. Integration with Smart Home Systems:
- Connect the irrigation system to smart home ecosystems (like Google Home or Amazon
Alexa) for voice control and automation with other smart devices.
By exploring these avenues, the project can evolve from a simple automated watering system
into a comprehensive smart gardening solution that promotes efficient water use, enhances
plant health, and aligns with sustainable practices.
 6. REFERENCES

Punch newspaper 2021, Panic as gas leakage occurs in Ikeja. Available at

https://punchng.com/breaking-panic-as-gas-leakage-occurs-in-ikeja retrived January
17, 2021.
A., L. (2017). Wireless gas leak detection improves employee protection,
environs, and production value.
Arpitha, T. K. (2016). FPGA-GSM-based gas leakage detection system. Bangalore.
IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), 1-4.
Chengjun, D. X. (2011). Development of gas leak detection and location system
based on wireless sensor networks. Shanghai. Third International Conference on
Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 1067–1070.
Kareem, H. (2019). Embedded real‐time system for detecting leakage of the gas used
in Iraqi kitchens.
Indonesia J. Elect Eng Comp Sci .vol 14, 1171-1176