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ES 7EE Lecture 01

The document provides an introduction to the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the study of stresses and strains resulting from external forces. It explains key concepts such as normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress, along with examples illustrating their calculations. The document also distinguishes between surface and body forces, and outlines the importance of understanding these mechanics in engineering applications.

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Jazz Santiago
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12 views29 pages

ES 7EE Lecture 01

The document provides an introduction to the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the study of stresses and strains resulting from external forces. It explains key concepts such as normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress, along with examples illustrating their calculations. The document also distinguishes between surface and body forces, and outlines the importance of understanding these mechanics in engineering applications.

Uploaded by

Jazz Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Mechanics

of Deformable Bodies
(Strength of Materials)
Three Major Divisions of Mechanics
▪ Mechanics of Rigid Bodies – Engineering Mechanics (Statics and
Dynamics)
▪ Mechanics of Deformable Bodies – Strength of Materials
▪ Mechanics of Fluids - Hydraulics
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
▪ It deals with the study of resulting stresses and strains
developed in bodies as a result of external influences or
actions.
▪ It provides answers to:
1. How much deformation will take place in/on a body when
subjected to a certain external force?
2. How much force can a body withstand without failing?
3. What is the best shape a body should take to withstand
failure?
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
▪ Study of the relationship between externally applied loads and
their internal effects on rigid bodies.

▪ RIGID BODY – bodies which neither change in shape and size


after the application of forces.
▪ FREE BODY DIAGRAM – sketch of the isolated body showing all
the forces on it.
Force
▪ It is defined as a PUSH or PULL
▪ In stress analysis, forces are classed into two kinds:
1. SURFACE FORCE is a result of the action of a body’s surface
on the other when in contact.
2. BODY FORCE is a type of force that acts on the volume of
each mass and it is independent of the surrounding material
or environment.
Surface Force vs Body Force
SURFACE FORCE BODY FORCE
Resultant and Component Force
▪ RESULTANT FORCE (NET FORCE) is the
overall force acting on an object when
all the individual forces acting on the
object are added together.
▪ COMPONENTS FORCE represent the
vertical and horizontal forces
combined to make the resultant force.
Stress
▪ It is the internal resistance of a material to the distorting effects
of an external force or load.
▪ It is a measure of strength of a material per unit area. Thus,
expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by the
resisting area.
Stress
▪ Unit of Measurement: psi (English unit) or in MPa (SI unit)
▪ Symbols: S; most popular usage - Greek letter Sigma – σ; in
engineering textbooks - Greek letter Tau – τ
▪ Simple Stresses: Normal Stress, Shear Stress, Bearing Stress
Normal Stress
NORMAL STRESS (AXIAL STRESS)
▪ This develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the cross-
sectional area of the material.
▪ If the force is going to pull the material, the stress is said to be
tensile stress and compressive stress develops when the
material is being compressed by two opposing forces.
Normal Stress
Normal Stress | Example 01
▪ The homogeneous bar shown in Figure is supported by a
smooth pin at C and a cable that runs from A to B around the
smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is
0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb.

▪ Answer/s: Scable = 10,458.72 psi


Normal Stress | Example 02
▪ A hollow steel tube with an inside
diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile
load of 400 kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is
limited to 120 MN/m2.

▪ Answer/s: D = 119.35 mm
Normal Stress | Example 03
▪ A bronze rod is rigidly attached between an aluminum rod and
a steel rod as shown. Axial loads are applied at the positions
indicated. Find the maximum allowable value of P that will not
exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa or
in bronze of 100 MPa. Aluminum
A = 500mm2 Bronze
Steel
A = 200mm2
A = 150mm2
2P
3P P

L br = 2m L st = 1.2m

L al = 3.5m

▪ Answer/s: P = 10,500 N
Normal Stress | Example 04
▪ Determine the largest weight W that can
be supported by two wires shown in the
Figure. The stress in either wire is not to
exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of
wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2,
respectively. (1 ksi = 1000 psi).

▪ Answer/s: W = 17.10 kips


Shear Stress
SHEAR STRESS
▪ it is developed if the applied force is parallel to the resisting area.
▪ Another condition of shearing is when we twist a bar along its
longitudinal axis. This type of shearing is called torsion.
Shear Stress
SHEAR STRESS
▪ or TANGENTIAL STRESS
▪ develops when the applied loads cause one section of the body
to slide past its adjacent section.
▪ the force acts parallel to the area.
Shear Stress
Types of Shearing Stress
Single Shear
Double Shear
Types of Shearing Stress
Bearing Stress
BEARING STRESS
▪ it is the contact pressure
between two bodies.
▪ it is the contact pressure exerted
by one body upon another body.
▪ The force acts perpendicular to
the area where load is applied.
Bearing Stress
END STRESS
Shearing and Bearing Stress |
Example 01
▪ A circular hole is to be punched out of a plate that
has a shear strength of 40 ksi. The working F
compressive stress in the punch is 50 ksi. (a)
Compute the maximum thickness of a plate in
which a 2.5” diameter hole can be punched. (b) If
the plate is 0.25” thick, determine the smallest
diameter that can be punched.

▪ Answer/s: (a) tplate = 0.781” and (b) Dhole = 0.800 ”


Shearing and Bearing Stress |
Example 02
▪ Compute for the shearing
stress in the pin at B for the
member supported as shown
in the figure. The diameter of
the pin is 20 mm.

▪ Answer/s: 94.01 MPa


Shearing and Bearing Stress |
Example 03
▪ In the figure shown, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the
plates that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 120
MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of
rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b)
the largest average tensile stress in the plates.

▪ Answer/s: (a) t = 7.85 mm and (b) St = 26.67 MPa


Shearing and Bearing Stress |
Example 04
▪ The lap joint shown in the figure is fastened by four ¾-in. diameter
rivets. Calculate the maximum safe load P that can be applied if the
shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing
stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume the applied load is
uniformly distributed among the four rivets.

▪ Answer/s: Pmax = 24.74 kips


End of Lecture
Thank You!

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