MODULE 1 - ANATOMY OF THE NATION’S HOUSING PROBLEM ▪ Usually, they are located along rivers and creeks, in

garbage, along railroad tracks, under bridges, and beside

Overview factories and other industrial establishments.

▪ Philippines being one of the most highly urbanized Note: mahirap paalisin yung families na nasa slum areas since
countries in the developing world, with an average marami na silang napundar, wala silang ibang matutuluyan,
annual growth of 6.4% between 2010-2019 from an kaya minsan not really base in facts tho na sinasadyang
average of 4.6% between 2001-2009. sunugin yung ganitong community especially kapag may nag-
▪ Its urban population increased from 8 million to 1960 to aantay na project na itatayo sa lupa
50, 027, 217 in 2018 (or 8.4 million households) in 2000.
At present about 46.41% of the population is urban (49, ▪ Slums located next to mansions in affluent residential
528, 084 people in 2020) area are not uncommon.
▪ Although there are relatively large slum communities,
World Bank of July 2020 the settlement pattern of the Metro Manila urban poor
is generally dispersed, with houses located wherever
▪ 4.5 million people are homeless or living in informal
there is space and opportunities.
settlements in the Philippines, with its population of
about 106 million, according to the statistics office. Official Definition of Slums Used for Policy Purposes
▪ About 3 million of them are in Metro Manila, possibly
the most in any urban areas in the world, charities ▪ Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
estimate. Council (HUDCC) defines slums as buildings or area
that are deteriorated, hazardous, unsanitary, or lacking
Metro Manila in standard conveniences.
▪ Defined as the squalid, crowded, or unsanitary
▪ Manila’s 2020 population is no estimated at 13, 923, 456.
conditions under which people live irrespective of the
In 1950, the population of Manila was 1,543,666. Manila
physical state of the building or area.
has grown by 1,063,394 since 2015, which represents a
1.60% annual change. Housing Backlog in the Philippine Scenario

2015 Census Backlog – is the accumulation of something, especially

uncompleted work or matters that need to be dealt with.
▪ The UN Population Division ranked Metro Manila as 19th
out of 20 densest megacities in the world in 2010. With a ▪ The housing backlog is 3.9 million households. 6.5
population of 13.92 million million housing backlogs by 2030 in the Philippines, if
▪ At the current 1.60% annual growth rate from 2015- 200,000 units every year from 2012 – 2030.
present, the competition for limited resources become ▪ Highest demand would come from the economic
more and more evident. housing segment, followed by socialized housing, and
▪ Manila is the world’s most densely populated city with lastly by low-cost housing.
42, 857 people per square kilometer, or 111,002 people
per square mile. This is all contained within an area of Socialized and economic Housing
42.88 square kilometers (16.56 square miles).
▪ The Metro Manila population is estimated at 12 million, “Socialized housing segment” is for projects costing P450,000 or
but the larger urban area has a population estimated at below.
21.3 million.
“Economic Housing” covers the price range starting from P450,000
▪ The metro manila population swells during the daytime,
but not exceeding P1.7 million.
however, to about 15 million.
▪ The density is much higher than that of Mumbai (23,000 ▪ These two groups capture lower income class and
people/sq km), Paris (20,150 people/sq km). Tokyo expectedly the biggest portion (already around 85%) of
(10,100 people/sq km) the housing backlog.

Slums and Poverty Track Record

▪ 526 communities, located in all the cities and ▪ UN recommendations propose the establishments of 10
municipalities of Metro Manila. housing per 1000 heads per annum while National
▪ “Most depressed areas”: communities that lacks Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) targets 7
safety, sanitary (quality of water and air), setbacks in units per 1000.
housing which can be vulnerable to fire hazard. ▪ This has only been followed through with the
construction of 3 units per 1000.
Different Types of slums in the city
Why the need to address the housing problem?
▪ Improving access to affordable shelter and formal land Housing
tenure will enhance the living conditions in informal definition: A concept that goes beyond that of physical shelter
settlements and contribute immensely to the goal of It includes the provision of basic amenities that make up a
poverty eradication. human settlement.

Reforms of greatest impact on poverty ▪ Housing should respond to man's social, cultural, and
psychological needs.
▪ On social equity, by providing the poorest of the poor
with access to basic services for survival. 3 Key Area of Human Settlement
▪ On economic prosperity, by ensuring that the basic
sectors have access to productive assets that allow (1) Environment - covers the management of life-support
them to contribute to National growth. systems.
▪ On ecological security, by incorporating the parameters (2) Habitat - covers the provision and design of all kinds of
of sustainable development in the management and shelters and structures for human activities within
utilization of natural resources; and various community patterns, including transportation,
▪ On responsible and responsive governance, by making communication, and related infrastructure
structures and processes democratic to allow requirements.
meaningful participation of key stakeholders in policy and (3) Well-being - includes the provision of opportunities and
decision-making. accommodations for recreation, leisure and art and
culture development.
Right to adequate housing
Human Basic Needs
▪ The right to adequate housing is one of the economic
social, and cultural rights being promoted by the United
Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat).
▪ 1976: Declaration on Human Settlements
▪ 1987: International Year of Shelter for the Homelessness
▪ Adoption of the Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year
2000

Housing Rights |

1987 Philippine Constitution | Article 13. Social Justice and

Human Rights

Sec. 9 – The State shall, by law and for the common good
undertake, in cooperation with the private sector, a
continuing program of urban land reform and housing
Housing should respond to man's social, cultural, and
which will make available at affordable cost decent
psychological need by offering:.
housing and basic services to underprivileged and
homeless citizens in urban centers and resettlement (a) An environment conducive to the physical and moral welfare of
areas. It shall also promote adequate employment the individual.
opportunities to citizens. In the implementation of such (b) A high level of health and living standards thru adequate and safe
program the State shall respect the rights of small housing and related communities
property owne (c) the formulation of a satisfactory community life and the means of
equalizing access to the other services and opportunities (including
Needed Reforms:
educational), which exists in larger community.
▪ Increase access by the poor to land, finance, (d) an environment where privacy is balanced with meaningful social
infrastructures, and building materials. interaction.
▪ Strengthen capability of local authorities for (e) a housing environment whose character and quality reduce the
improved management. environmental causes of family disintegration and anti-social
▪ Regularize and upgrade slums and squatter behavior.
settlements. (f) the improvement of living conditions and work opportunities in
▪ Improve rural living conditions. rural settlements to reduce the necessity for migration to urban
▪ Involve private sector in shelter and service areas.
production for the middle- and lower-income (g) opportunities for cooperation between the people and the
groups. government authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural
conditions of their community.