MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION

Concept of Motivation:-

Ans:-The practice of motivating an individual to execute their

assigned job to the best of their ability is known as motivation.
People are motivated to complete specified tasks in order to meet
their requirements. As a result, the management must give
incentives for employees to meet their needs. It is critical to meet
both financial and non-financial requirements. People take action to
meet their basic and social needs.

According to William G. Scott,” motivation is a general tern applying

to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces
that induce an individual or a group of people to work.”

Manager must have knowledge why and how people act in

accordance with requirement.

1. Explain the Process of Motivation?

Ans:- Motivation is a process that starts with a physiology and
psychological deficiency or need that activates behavior that is aimed
at a goal or incentives. Therefore, as process motivation can
understand as relationship among needs, drives, and incentives. The
processes of motivation are as follow:-

i. Needs:-
Ans:- When there is a physiological and psychological
imbalance in humans, needs are developed. Needs are the
first step in the motivation process.
Human beings have an infinite number of demands since
satisfying one produces a desire for another. For the
fulfillment of unlimited need people do performance, this is
the major concern of every manager of the organization.
 ii. Drives:-
Ans:- Drives are action part of motivation process. When
people have needs they do activities for fulfillment of needs.
Drives are set up to make easy to fulfill needs they are the
major step of motivation process. For example, when people
are in desperate need of food, they form a hunger strike.
People engage in any kind of performance to satisfy their
hunger. When they engage in any activity, it yields a reward
and aids in the acquisition of food to alleviate hunger.

iii. Incentives:-

Ans:-The end of the motivation cycle is the incentive. It aids in

the fulfillment of needs and the reduction of drive. When
people are given incentives, it aids in the restoration of bodily
and psychological equilibrium. People engage in any activity
that delivers a return in terms of incentive when they are in
need of food, for example. When they are given monetary
incentives, they purchase food.
The motivation process consisting of needs drives, and
incentives are inter-related and continuous up to functioning
of the organization. People have unlimited need, for the
fulfillment of needs they are motivation to involve any kind of
activity on the basic of their knowledge and efficiency. It
facilitates to earn remuneration in terms of incentives, when
helps to fulfill needs.

2. Explain the Importance of Motivation?

Ans:- Motivation plays significant role for effectiveness of managerial
functions. Some points of importance of motivation are as follows:-
 i. Understand Behavior
ii. Improve Productivity
iii. Improve Quality
iv. Retain Employees
v. Promote Creative
vi. Better work Environment

i. Understand Behavior:-
Ans:- Motivation is important to understand the behavior of
subordinates at work. Employee behavior is influenced by
motivation. It gives behavior meaning and direction. It motivates
people to take action in order to achieve their objectives.

ii. Improve Productivity:-

Ans:- Motivation improves productivity. Motivation employee work
willingly to increase performance. Rewards can be based on
performance. Resources can be better utilized to increase efficiency.

iii. Improve Quality:-

Ans:- Motivation employees improve quality. They adopt better
work methods. They minimize waste and scrap. Total quality
management is facilitated.

iv. Retain Employees:-

Ans:- Motivation helps to retain quality employees. Motivated
employees are committed employees. They are loyal to the
organization. They have a sense of pride to stay in the organization.
Increased motivation reduces employee turnover. The number of
employees leaving the organization goes down.
v. Promote Creative:-
Ans:-Employee creativity is boosted by motivation. Employees who
are motivated are more creative and imaginative. They are quick to
 pick up new technology. They adjust to changes in the environment.
The management of change is made easier.

vi. Better work Environment:-

Ans:- Motivation makes work environment better. Employee
discipline improves. Employee grievances absenteeism goes down.
accident decrease. Labour relations become harmonious.

3. Describe the Techniques of Motivation?

Ans:- Motivation is the process of encouraging and motivating subordinates
to dedicate their full attention to improving organizational efficiency in
order to meet organizational goals. To encourage employees, management
may adopt a variety of methods. The following are the common techniques
of motivation to employees:

i. Financial incentives
ii. Participation
iii. Delegation of authority
iv. Job security
v. Job enlargement
vi. Job enrichment
vii. Job rotation
viii. Quality of work life
ix. Competition

i. Financial incentives:-
Ans:-Employees require financial incentives to meet their
fundamental and additional physical requirements. It's critical to give
employees cash incentives based on their productivity and job
responsibilities. Encourages employees to improve their performance.
These facilities help to retain productive employees.
ii. Participation:-
Ans:-Employee involvement in planning and decision-making is
referred to as participation. Employees feel a sense of belonging
when they are included in the decision-making process. Employee
participation is one way to build initiatives. Participation encourage
brainstorming which helps in developing innovative ideas to solve
complex problems.

iii. Delegation of authority:-

Ans:- Delegation of authority entails delegating a portion of work to
subordinates and granting them the authority they need to complete
the task efficiently. It aids in the development of a sense of
commitment to the work among subordinates. It helps in training and
development of subordinates. It helps to develop high moral and
motivation of subordinates.

iv. Job security:-

Ans:- The feeling of job security is one of the techniques of employee
motivation. When employees have feeling of job security they
devote service in the organization for the long time. They enjoy
economic and social security through health and welfare programs,
security against sickness, disability, and old age provision.

v. Job enlargement:-
Ans:- Job enlargement refers to giving employees new
responsibilities at the same level. Employees carry out a greater
variety of tasks at the same level. Job expansion permits children to
put their thoughts to work and allows them to do a variety of tasks on
their own.

vi. Job enrichment:-

Ans:- Job enrichment is concerned with providing higher level job
responsibility. Employees are empowered to assume some tasks
typically done by their managers. It increases freedom,
responsibility, and independence.

vii. Job rotation:-

 Ans:- Position rotation is the process of moving a person from one
job to another. By diversifying the activities of the workforce, it
lowers boredom and apathy. Workers benefit from job rotation
because they learn to do a variety of activities that are required for
unit work.

viii. Quality of work life:-

Ans:- Quality of work life is life is an attempt to develop a formal
program to integrate employee needs and well-beings with the
intention to improve productivity. It supports highly democratic
treatment of employees at all levels and participates them in
decision making process.

ix. Competition:-
Ans: Developing a sense of rivalry among employees is a crucial
approach for motivating them. Sales, production, and safety
measures are all examples of areas where competition exists.
Employees, on the other hand, must compete in a constructive
manner.

4. Explain the Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory?

Ans:- Maslow advocated Hierarchy of Needs theory. It states that needs
motivation individuals. Human needs have a hierarchy. A person
progresses step-by-step up the needs hierarchy.

The basic assumptions of Maslow’s theory are:-

a. Man is a Wanting Being:-
Ans: One of the most effective ways to motivate staff is to create a
sense of competition among them. Competition can be seen in a
variety of sectors, including sales, production, and safety measures.
Employees, on the other hand, are expected to compete in a positive
manner.

b. Satisfied Needs do not Motivate:-

Ans:- A satisfied need does not motivate. The degree of need
satisfaction varies from person to person.

c. Needs have a Hierarchy:-

Ans:- Human needs are arranged in a hierarchy. Needs are satisfied in
an order.

The explanation of Maslow’s need hierarchy theory is as follows:-

i. Physiological Needs:-
Ans:- physiological needs are also known as basic needs.
Physiological needs are basic needs which involve food, shelter,
and clothing. They are common to all individuals. Employees with
this level of need can be motivated by paying them enough
money and giving other financial incentives to meet their basic
needs.

ii. Safety Needs:-

Ans:- They consist of needs for protection from physical and
economic harm. In organizations, provident fund, pension, and
health insurance satisfy safety needs.

iii. Social Needs:-

Ans:- They consist of needs for affection, belongingness,
friendship, and social acceptance. In organizations, informal
groups and friends at work satisfy social needs.

iv. Esteem needs:-

Ans:-They can be both internal and exterior in nature. Self-
respect, autonomy, and advancement are all examples of internal
esteem demands. Status, acknowledgment, acclaim, and prestige
are all examples of external esteem needs. Position titles in
organizations meet these requirements. In Nepal, a leader wants
his staff to say “Namaste.”

v. Self-Actualization Needs:-
Ans:-Individuals at this level seek challenges and innovative work
in order to grow and advance personally. Individuals who have
achieved self-actualization are creative, independent,
spontaneous, and have a good sense of reality. Management can
motivate such employees by providing independency, creative
and challenging works. In fact, such workers expect decision
making position.