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Lecture Notes

The document covers hydraulic engineering concepts related to open channel flow and drainage, focusing on surface drainage and hydrologic considerations. It discusses the properties of precipitation, runoff determination, and channel design using Manning's Equation. Additionally, it provides an example problem involving runoff rate calculation and channel cross-section design.

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25 views25 pages

Lecture Notes

The document covers hydraulic engineering concepts related to open channel flow and drainage, focusing on surface drainage and hydrologic considerations. It discusses the properties of precipitation, runoff determination, and channel design using Manning's Equation. Additionally, it provides an example problem involving runoff rate calculation and channel cross-section design.

Uploaded by

Ug
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

(CIV 3201)

OPEN CHANNEL FLOW -


DRAINAGE
UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
DEFINITIONS
• Drainage facilities should adequately provide for the flow of
water away from a surface to properly designed channels.
• Two sources of water for drainage:
• Surface – surface drainage (FOCUS)
• Groundwater – subsurface drainage
SURFACE DRAINAGE

• Encompasses all means by which water is removed


from the surface under consideration.

• Important to application such as farmlands.


HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
• Encompasses water in the atmosphere, surface and subsurface.
• Concerned with all forms of precipitation but refers to all as rainfall.
• 3 properties of the precipitants considered:
1. Intensity – rate of fall (mm/hr or in/hr)
2. Duration – length of time
3. Frequency – probable number of years
HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
• Encompasses water in the atmosphere, surface and subsurface.
• Concerned with all forms of precipitation but refers to all as rainfall.
• 3 properties of the precipitants considered:
1. Intensity – rate of fall (mm/hr or in/hr)
2. Duration – length of time
3. Frequency – probable number of years
HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

• 3 properties based on laws of probability, e.g. a “50-year” channel .


• What does that mean?:
• A 50-year channel means that the probability is 1 in 50 that the structure
will flow full in one year.

• What that does NOT mean?:


• A 50-year channel will flow full in once in 50 years.
HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
• Rainfall intensity for a given return period and duration can
be obtained from rainfall-intensity curves.
• Drainage facilities should be designed for very rare storms
to reduce the chance of overflowing to a minimum.
• Storm frequencies are referred to as return periods.
RAINFALL INTENSITY CURVES
FHWA, 1981
HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
• 3 variables considered for surface runoff:
1. Drainage area – area of land to be drained
2. Runoff coefficient – ratio of runoff to rainfall for area
3. Time of concentration – time for runoff to flow between the most
distant point and a point of interest.
Drainage Area
• Determined from topographic maps.
Runoff Coefficient
Formula:
VALUES OF RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS

AASHTO, 1991
VALUES OF RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS

AASHTO, 2001
Time of Concentration
Formula:
Average
Velocity

An average slope and


watercourse classification
needs to be provided to use
the graph.

FHWA, 1984
RUNOFF DETERMINATION
• Equation:
CHANNEL DESIGN
• Manning’s Equation:
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Velocities:

US DoT, 1981
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Velocities:

US DoC, 1974
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Velocities:

US DoC, 1974
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Manning’s n:

US DoT, 1980
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Manning’s n:

US DoT, 1980
CHANNEL
DESIGN

• Manning’s n:

US DoT, 1980
EXAMPLE
A175-acre urban drainage area consists of three different watershed areas as follows.

• Apartment dwelling areas 50%

• Parks 30%

• Playgrounds 20%

If the time of concentration for the drainage area is 1.5 hr, determine the runoff rate for a storm of 100-yr
frequency. Assume that the rainfall-intensity curves in the provided Figure are applicable to this drainage area.

Determine a suitable cross section for a channel to carry an estimated runoff if the slope of the channel is 1%
and Manning’s roughness coefficient, n, is 0.015. Assume a 6ft width.
END

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