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Gravity is a fundamental force that attracts objects with mass towards each other, described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. It plays a crucial role in the motion of celestial bodies, the structure of the universe, and biological processes on Earth. Despite being the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, gravity significantly influences macroscopic phenomena, including the orbits of planets and the behavior of tides.

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5 views2 pages

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Gravity is a fundamental force that attracts objects with mass towards each other, described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. It plays a crucial role in the motion of celestial bodies, the structure of the universe, and biological processes on Earth. Despite being the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, gravity significantly influences macroscopic phenomena, including the orbits of planets and the behavior of tides.

Uploaded by

isadorakulmann13
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gravity is the force that pulls objects with mass towards each other.

It’s a fundamental force of


nature that affects everything from keeping planets in orbit to causing objects to fall.

How gravity works

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

States that the force of gravity between two objects is proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity

Describes gravity as the curvature of space-time caused by the uneven distribution of mass.
This curvature bends light rays and causes masses to move along geodesic lines.

Examples of gravity

Gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.

Gravity keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth.

Gravity keeps you on the ground and causes objects to fall.

Gravity holds gases inside the sun.

Gravity is what gives you weight.

In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight'[1]) is a fundamental


interaction primarily observed as a mutual attraction between all
things that have mass. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four
fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than
the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic
force, and 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction. As a result, it
has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles.
[2]
However, gravity is the most significant interaction between objects
at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion
of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light.

The shapes of two massive galaxies in this


image are distorted due to gravity.
On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's
gravity is responsible for sublunar tides in the oceans. The
corresponding antipodal tide is caused by the inertia of the Earth and
Moon orbiting one another. Gravity also has many important
biological functions, helping to guide the growth of plants through the
process of gravitropism and influencing the circulation of fluids
in multicellular organisms.
The gravitational attraction between the original gaseous matter in
the universe caused it to coalesce and form stars which eventually
condensed into galaxies, so gravity is responsible for many of the
large-scale structures in the universe. Gravity has an infinite range,
although its effects become weaker as objects get farther away.
Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of
relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, which describes
gravity not as a force, but as the curvature of spacetime, caused by
the uneven distribution of mass, and causing masses to move
along geodesic lines. The most extreme example of this curvature of
spacetime is a black hole, from which nothing—not even light—can
escape once past the black hole's event horizon.[3] However, for most
applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of
universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force causing any
two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with
magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Current models of particle physics imply that the earliest instance of
gravity in the universe, possibly in the form of quantum
gravity, supergravity, or a gravitational singularity, along with
ordinary space and time, developed during the Planck epoch (up to
10−43 seconds after the birth of the universe), possibly from a primeval
state, such as a false vacuum, quantum vacuum or virtual particle, in
a currently unknown manner.[4] Scientists are currently working to
develop a theory of gravity consistent with quantum mechanics, a
quantum gravity theory,[5] which would allow gravity to be united in a
common mathematical framework (a theory of everything) with the
other three fundamental interactions of physics.
because the mechanical resistance of the Earth exerts an upward
force on them. This explains why moving along the geodesics in
spacetime is considered inertial.
Einstein's description of gravity was quickly accepted by the majority
of physicists, as it was able to explain a wide variety of previously
baffling experimental results.[36] In the coming years, a wide range of
experiments provided additional support for the idea of general
relativity.[37]: p.1-9 [38][39][40][41] Today, Einstein's theory of relativity is used for
all gravitational calculations where absolute precision is desired,
although Newton's inverse-square law is accurate enough for virtually
all ordinary calculations.[37]: p.79 [42]

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