a

Numbey System
ag 8et o values, sed te

Base on kechz() e any no. sysBem tells us how

many dishnc digits as toe in a given no.
sysBeH.
Range
Name Radia(o)
Decimal 10 ol,2,3,4,S,6,7,8,9
2 0,1
Octol 01,2,3,4,5, 6,7
Hexadouimal 16 0),2,345, 6,7,8,9,A,B,ciD, E P

Dub Binauy 12 O12,3,4,5, b, 7, 8,9.A, 8.

Numbe Sysem

weFhded Unuoigbded
Code.

*: Cenwesien 0 NumkoN System -

O: 0ecimal to ay base (2,12, 6,8.-)-.
-Gide tho irtegen bast by bose y'.
 0: locinal to Ocdal
2 1;
a (7 392. Oa(444. YS6)yo 7(.
Binasy vsien -
cen
’ pecinat too 2||3|L

(13),o (--J2 2

2
6
Neo, fhachonal Pat:
(B)o (oi),divaien is (o456), (351),

dOimal no. Bysen,

C2,2, 16,--) o 0.184 x8 472!
Bose
ay'a,X
(wYe, 456),o = (6.35)
(u01), = (.-J odal to Daoinal
Ix29
Ixe2 Ix2 + ox 2'+

1s + 24 +7
Gr Deoimal to Binasy.
), O1 Deeimal to Hepadaeimal :
9 (2S, 62s)n =(-- 2)2s|
2 12 lo
20

O.625 X2 .25
C.2sX2 0.so Tsh to Botem
D.52 [UntilQuttient isp? CA3BH CA 3B)16

(2419)1o
2
 0.75%2
*-Decinalt Octal 0.5x2 ) (1)
2
+ Ox2
+|x2
Ix2°+ox2' +IR2+ix2?
3
t0t4 t8 +0 432
7 (45)
Ö)» (10011),Ox2+oxn+lx2'+)x2°
l:|x21+ +1X2
+
7 l6 to 40+2+l
(19),0 (vii)9 L7392) g

1x24x' +)x2*y 7 7%5)2 t 64*3 t 72t e2

4(|x21+ oxz' +1x2*+ox2'+ 3534 t 192 t7242
3848 +2
7(21)+(4)
7 (21)+ (o.75)

(10000d1)
233
2 oo
16|o
o
2 8D

(v): (029. 7s) e Past

64
tb93 10000) e3
2
2le
26
 cbl(1o(U10) O.(48 <2=0376
al,Cr), (100101) 0.376 X2 752
23
29! (loo00 0oo0o00,0o|),2
22
() (204s.0625),
(lo10011), 2
20y8
(0 24
6

21651 2s6
0.8X2 L28
83||
2
2
2
2 20o I6
2

(e)> (se)o (iloloo), (f (ro97Iss)

2 0.2S0o x2 0.5000
20 43 (000o
2 2 O. SO00 x2
2
2 2| S2
2 31 2| 25b o
2 |23p (1o0 000 0 o0000,o00
64
32 Braw to Alomals
2

(X21+0x+1 x2+ lX2' +0x 2°

(10000000o 000
 2llo0olioi), (24), e ctal to ecimal ;
O1 (364),: (30.|25) ie
3x8'+6xg°+ xg
t0+844I
9 (28 toto 24+4a
2
249

O(2376)= (66)io
+oxg°
2X$ 3xg+7x '
t t SI2t 192 +56 t6
l2 ?34 766
13
39 :(ss7, (987)10

367
9: (o. Dllon),> (0.42),,
4

64 64

O binay to Cctal -
(Moul.1o), ( .62-) ,. totbi O: (101 0), (Gs
9 Ix2(x25rotx 2'+xtlxt|xn°tlsi'
2
 (10n),
(79)g
O. (59),=
7

6HSo)g (aj001)
L6y
4 0.58Xxg=
o.2Xg 6.9670
O, 96x8 637

D, SS x 6,32 1 D
6.64
D.32-x2

J (307.23); Ci1oo.o}ll,010 B11),

3|199|7
 ench
bit 3
Qomal(enved Ls
(37)g
’(
S1 Otal to
sigrißcart (2s4),oC Sxs7K8
to
(enveBasseenos.iom
sysBem.
given
ny
indeyi f
digt 'yg
+ basei no. any
e aysten,s base
Ocal 192 na
tS6 Base system
no. to
+
is
3 3|||
212)) 2s4 2
2|63 6 Uecinal uy
to
2 othw
hen

*: Odal

3 2
Neaadecin (Heza-doci Byjeguivalit.
sten.
7 6 3

bits
a ao
a,
enasy
)| mal
(a) to he
aaguised)
a,() obtained
inasy
4l1) same n
guantity (376)
ng. wayi-
sysem =
ts Eny Co!
(oneHien in
odl to
Octal no)2
i
numke
 *+
isexhossien
=
eg'0xy°)
zle)7 3
7 =4
+32+4
coroien
Base
rbituasy the (2x4
hot
(1930)y
= such x**3x'+ixg)-
9(930)5
CH0
bae
Qrnd
Ar),
(585.
oto) ol01)2 BinauyOctal.
on•
(o01100o0 1)
(so1011010 Hegadeimal
to-Och!
oda
Hezadocinal
O:
= O101.
(7)y (o1DiDIl Heaadlinal
(e):
() (orz)
(10s)
 (sv)2 ( 0),
25t I0+3=y

71-Sy| -0xy
5y 4 4
11 Sa-ly=-4y, 3to
72 +3 2]
2 15
>a) ) 30

28g -
o (3 Posaikle sel)
2oy =20
+26*

7x 43 Sy fy

28Y 8 - 20qzy

( 1DO.c),
Fhase Quanity
(1En)’ (olool1o1oto),’(2352),

(l.22)5
4
3
 -(arjucien)
ANOOs floabgi
Boole ean *
3 GuOHge
Bool
By
Outut quciRulesenaiy. local
of estusien
hayh AND invon/
Deukla
3 2
eheuse gade wthaut
is (740u)
hgh
lew ony (mvedation) charoing
09 giventho
ts
lo).when
A.00
al
the

A+(8.c)=
(9+B).(
A+c) CAND) Reblace
(A+c)
A(8c)
(A+3) Asserive
(A+6)+c
(3+c)A+ i (OR)
A.(8.c) B9
A+B B.A.AB LAWS 9+|l

o'
= by
(A.B).C (1)
4
ViQ
(OR)
AnD) C vHBO

sahloce
apl0ce
4'
by
 (iv) a(i#j)+: 9)
RRS plA (a40) 1. A+A6n[HB)
AB) A +6)
4Ac+AB A.B

+
Be

statement Tick
ABt
(A 3
AC
+6). - 0:
(A One fach en
Take ahAessi
+ +c).
Bc the vsÜahb
vasuabla (A4c) 1A(1+c)+
B94) + PB+ BL
+)+dAB
(B+c)=
cemplemided hcveThoam
-

Redwndancy
(9 tebeded
is
+8). cemklemented.
Bvasjables.
+c)
(9 vawabto. tunce.
-
Simbidy al
(.(+)) ln+9) (Ã+c).(x+A
(2.(2+c) (A40). (a(P+0)
46) (g48).
(Ã (7 .
(a+0+))-(6 +c) +c). (#
(AB+PC)
(#+B+c) X+A) +c). (LHS)
+c) x+F)
(p4c+o)
(5+B+c)
(A+B4) distibutivelay
(2-(2+t): het

ds
(0+B+)
|(A+8) (X+c)
(A+8+c)
ot
(94
6)= (9+B
(9+B+)
4t) X
tc)
(9+
Bic)
 elAB+cÔ
conblermant
Qfnd Stebsi
To
A.BABA.B| emplonnt
0 2

(+D)|
3(P48) by
'o
(k48).,
(7+ D) (oun78 the haw
ench by
tewm
04
yolicble
A.8
b
ih

+A80A AG
+
ABC
+
A(B4B

h)
AttB+c)+(At8)

(B+c):
(n+8)

+B)

osdwbuiveLaw

AA+c)+
colAHE)
neC0+c) +
(AD
4
AC+
C) tABOABC
 2: OrivesalqaesO; D
NOk
sutasichut,
ibbled Qates
OT hainþhysi
g cal
OR OT
OR
=
NANDNOR , mul,iple dauice
NAND AND
logcalfoodice to
)
0R
ABA+8 --o C
inputs.
inge
kogic

Gtebe
A
C

Bubbled
NORAND

uiny
inhut NOR shoded.
inbutae
NANO
f i8
goe NOR NOT
only. ahoteol. iswhen
both
 NOR ong. EX-OR:
K- X- 0R on Edsive - OR eH

detetog"
NOTE X-OR is bdd
odd no, thon
-uhen no. d inbds ce Lowlo).
ouput is high (i) cHise

X-NOR

(Ä+#), (Ã+ B)
AB
1

NOTE - A6 Cutput =J

y{Pic) (A+D)t(pB})
f(c), (ñ4D ). it8)
Y.n2c). (np). (hB )
NOR;
(3)4 Q:O(AR+) te
NANØ
NOT :

Qs
A,6
Unjuwsal
A.A6

qades

(P+B)
lä)

X-NOR
(9B)(A1}) AX

XNOR
NOR
as
A+B A+9 Vrivesscl
(n+6)8+
B+
qode
A

A.B

(B+n)

(8+
B)
 SteO)

Inbloord A

y
NNO
gate
oony
Y=
(A+6).
C.D.

Mintam K *»
The X-
Cembatt Caneal wncemnplcomplmibed
emanted.eihcendans
2" or oy
is
eessiem.
It caled
pos Product sOP
eopssen.
Calleo
Sum
all
canemial (Untemhlemarted)
Possi 1A (E):-A
ech Y>n8+C+ BC
used (SOP) a Puocuc
fAm BcMi
A hle o
'nBodued
'
whan Sum
sop fhodd (0s); (so)
soP
by AGc Gutomes. va)able atut
2 atena ton :
eassien
Osting (anerial s
inerdairs
he m)MateAms
n+8+C
A Mp
emplamorded. Motem
s(A+8)(A+c)
(B+c) s
+8 used
deimal anPos +T
(Unenblemeted)
A0 each (7) POs) ogicdsum
be : M1 (M)
whan
o :-
codes qen Asum
n' stut
vaUclela is
inOLjore the Zcsn
a
in
 anerica sPL
S passin algabsa espssien is eaz.
OAiris Nininugcion Booeans
escssjen io cbinee
O Moat miniminaton B09leans wvgua ;
fMem' k-map but s ls net
tahle.
OR-mab is aally modiped fom gtoush
HOe he ule is A+A-)
A + A -9
for conierd asangement (embinaten
Em i,45,6,7)canenical s0.
Ø:FOA n-alable K-mab ,hee ae 2 colls. Each cll
annical pos COAespends to ene cermbinaien oß n' vaiabl.
7M(0,2,3)
O:foy each mitem e maem , thee is ene skocihc
foa Pos YLA, B)- #+BC coll in K-ma.
CA+B) (94c)
fuo Vaiable K- mab:
(A1 Bto) (A40+) Lot (9+8: X) n= 2 2 4 s
B Bnten MateT)
(X+ c ) (y+ BB)
9(x+c) (x+t) (y tB) (Y+B)
AG

7 CA+B)(94B+) (A+8+) M AoMor,

M M3. Mo A

Y(P, B)= Em (I3) > m, tm, B 98

f: fnd the iimal Pos ? A
(n Mindesm Duthut is 1)

M
)
(In Martem Oupud is0)
3 (K
 Rula i- CsoP) Hedes ora Vasiablo Thoue -Vasvable- Knap
2 ] mo

(D NaReaqAeub oßf fou CDa) ecuces to vasiaba BL

Make a gaou m
my
Mo

of aateon ls geduces feu vasiablo.

9 Nake gHeub be in 2 (9-Qasgese )
S:Geubs shodd alvays
maka a bges guoup ls Eo 'o')
OBuy to ydic code
Dagenal quoubin is net alloued
> ke the patt of mple
ny mintesm a4 maten m3 The hosigerbal z2 o'vedial hoading e Birnosy
ieup also. 04 c"Urit Distance code',
Euey m ten sheuld be included in Boelaans Paten is ayelic code"
: Only one va9vahle change in odjacod Bit Patesn.
esrssien.

y(,B)> Em(o,2,3)
Output I
|Ec)
: Y (n, 6) = Em (b2,3) (o

29 ln,0,)m (o, 1,5, b, 7)

7-(A+6) (Õ +B)
 ol
Sop

mo m

ms |M6
my

My
00 ol i / 0
mg

Q): Pin 6,cG,e)= Em lo, 2,3, 7, 1, 13,M,15)

fou - Vaoiable K-rMap: |

n-4 2916.

rineam
mo

+ Em(l,5, 7,2, ", 3,/5)

 (enditn:.
K-mab with on} Cno
endi ion, which i n6t ackally
in seme cetin ondien.
hatteved
eithey d c x value as 1' hen mitemb
' has considr e
maBeern 192 prsert.
(x'has (ensidle 'o' when

I t: I+ IL
Feã B) +(pB)

a-f(O,8, )= Em(2,3,u) + (4,7)

f I+ IL

+ td Co,2,5)
O» F(A6,, b) =én(,3,2, , 15)

fI +
d
 P
P
a
/P LI

dta

ON
As KAG,0)- Sm (s, ld, ',2, 13,/9 s)